[email protected] Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 1 Carbon capture and geological storage for Scotland Stuart Haszeldine University of Edinburgh.

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 1

Carbon capture and geological storage

for Scotland

Stuart Haszeldine University of Edinburgh

School of GeoSciences

• CCS explained

• Impact Scotland

• Ready - ness

• Challenges Scotland

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 2

Explained

--

Partial cleanup,

Costs more (than now),

Needs big companies,

Requires more fuel.

+Enables transition,

ONLY direct reduction

of CO2,

Large impact,

Scotland advantage.

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 3

CO2 capture and storage 10,000yr remedy: bury CO2

in aquifers or oilfields

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 4

North Sea Saline Aquifer CO2

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 5

Impact and Ready-ness

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 6

Scottish CO2

EITHER

Stop coal and gas use

OR

Capture CO2

IF …….. by 2020, Scotland has 50% electricity from “renewables”. How is the other 50% made?

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 7

Scottish liability

Cockenzie

Longannet

Peterhead

New coal

Replace Refit New

CO

2 to

nnag

e

1.5 Mt/yr gas SSE

10 Mt/yr coal SP

4.1 Mt/yr coal SP

8 Mt/yr coal ??

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 8

UK competition CCS 2008

Longannet 10 Mt CO2 /yr coal Scottish Power

Hunterston 1.6 GW

8 Mt CO2

BP Alternative Energy Withdrawn

Kingsnorth 1.6 GW, 8Mt CO2 E.ON

0.4 GW, soon after 2014

Scotland MAY be UK leader.

But what

is Plan B if it loses?

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 9

Sources and options: Scottish Region Storage

3) EOR import UK + EU?

2) “Aquifer”

1) “Export”

AIMSSourcesTimingsRoutesStoresCosts

14 companies

Feb 2009

CapacityUK 20yr

or 1,000yr ?

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 10

Europe: 12 CCS projects

• 500 M tons Emission Allowances for new plant ==> 10 x 400 MW coal plant 2013 - 2020• 500 g CO2 /kW hr electricity emissions standard• EU Council of Ministers anti EU-A ==> may fund ?

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 11

Challenges

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 12

Capture Ready coalBuilding new coal supercritical power plant - with future ability to capture CO2, but NOT capturing now

Capture-Ready

Power plant fitted (800g),

No specified route or storage site

No date for operation

Complex detailed designs

Risk with Government (us!)

Emissions Standard

350g (170g) CO2/kwh

Ramps down

Intended future date

Simple administration

Risk with operatorRisks: Illusions of progress

Too much regulatory complexity

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 13

Capture -ready V deployment

New coal? 32Mt capture ready

DECC competitionEU-ETS auctions

£ 3,000 M per year

From Jan 2013

Market 1Market 2

Create a second market route to fund Scottish (UK) CCS projects by EU-ETS

Unclear deployment After 2020

Clear CCS mandate ==>Deployment

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 14

EU CO2 emissions map

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 15

North Sea transport and store

Karsto

Mongstad

ROTTERDAM

Longannet

Kingsnorth

2014

2012

Hunterston

2014

2016 ?

2015

50% of EU CO2 export via Rotterdam ?

Largest storage is in Norwegian and Scottish

offshore

How to get a transport network to come north?

2020 ?

[email protected] Climate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 16

Scotland: To Do

• Action on Capture Ready or Emission Standard

• Positioning on EU pipeline network

• Create CCS capacity, and fund storage research

• Enabling CCS in Scotland > UK

Money : EU-ETS, Auction, ROC, Price

• CCS: Largest single CO2 reduction Over-promised and under-delivered