Shane HaynesShane Haynes Now Showing : Wait!! It’s not my fault I’m performing this behavior! I am experiencing symptoms of an underlying psychological.
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Transcript
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Shane HaynesShane Haynes
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Now Showing : Wait!! Its not my fault Im performing this
behavior! I am experiencing symptoms of an underlying psychological
condition!
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My Wolf Biting is really a symptom of my underlying Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder! I cant help it! Oh, really?
Slide 5
Yes! Ive read it on the internet. I suffer from what is called
Dermatophagia- a form of OCD that causes me to bite the skin around
my nails! Your falling for the medical model myth! Tsk tsk. You
should get off your computer and pick up a book. Principles of
Behavior, perhaps? Any behavior analyst could tell you Because of
my psychological condition, I can t be helped. Ill have to live the
rest of my life with this behavior in my repertoire. Ill always be
a wolf biter. Woe is me.
Slide 6
So I really can be helped? Please Mr. Analyst, help me get rid
of this unwanted behavior! Ill do anything! Okay! But first, lets
look at the contingencies behind the behavior. Ive done a
functional assessment of your behavior.
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Reinforcement The easiest to observe is the natural
reinforcement contingency behind the biting behavior. No biting
feeling. Bites nail/around nails. Biting feeling. Reinforcement
huh? That doesnt seem right. There are times when tearing loose
skin off my fingers is painful! BEFORE:BEHAVIOR: AFTER:
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Punishment No finger pain. Bites nail/around nails. Finger
pain. Its not just the pain, doc. Biting my nails all the time
makes them look icky! Its embarrassing! That would be punishment.
But pain isnt serving as a great enough aversive stimulus to
prevent the behavior. BEFORE: BEHAVIOR: AFTER:
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Well, you see, Ive gotten used to sort of hiding it. I dont
even know if anyone else but me knows I perform this behavior! I
can see how that embarrassment would be pretty aversive. But tell
me, when was the last time someone else nagged you about your
behavior? Then youve rendered that punishment contingency
ineffective. Because theres a chance you wont deal with
embarrassment, the outcome is to improbable, and because you dont
perform the behavior in front of others, its delayed.
Slide 10
Hey doc, I picked up that book you were talking about,
Principles of Behavior. I think you forgot about an important
contingency at work here. And it proves I really do suffer from an
underlying psychological condition! This oughta be good
Slide 11
Escape And I suppose you think if we remove it from your
repertoire, you will be doomed to live a life of anxiety forever,
huh? Feelings of stress and anxiety Bites nail/ around nails. No
feeling of stress and anxiety See, doc? Because of my conditon, the
only way I can reduce my stress is to perform this behavior!
BEFORE: AFTER: BEHAVIOR:
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Escape Excuses like that for performing inappropriate behavior
are why we must combat the medical model myth. Feelings of stress
and anxiety Bites nail/ around nails. No feeling of stress and
anxiety But my performance of this behavior really does increase
when Im stressed out! BEFORE: AFTER: BEHAVIOR:
Slide 13
WellI guess not. That may be true, but does biting your nails
really remove the aversive condition? Lets say Van Helsing is
pointing his silver tipped crossbow right between your eyes. A
pretty stressful situation. Do you think biting your nails is gonna
make him go away?
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False Escape In a stressful situation Bites nail/ around nails.
Still in a stressful situation Heres the contingency you propose by
falling for the medical model myth. Doesnt seem too reinforcing
does it? I suppose its not. Im glad Im getting educated about the
real cause of my behavior. But how is all this going to help me
anyway? BEFORE: BEHAVIOR: AFTER:
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Ah, yes. I think its time we performed the intervention.
Uhhintervention!?!
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You can relax my furry friend. Well, at least for now. The
first step in the intervention is to measure a baseline of your
behavior. I want you to relax for a week, and do everything you
would normally do, except that I want you to strike a tally every
time you perform the biting behavior. Here, take this: Gee, thanks
doc.
Slide 17
In the meantime, Im going to gather the supplies well need for
your intervention. A pair of latex gloves, and a rubber band. Yeah,
whatever you say Macgyver. I just hope this works. Ill see you in a
week.
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Hey Doc! I got that- WHOA!! Doc! You aint lookin too good.
Everything alright? Yea, yea, yea Im fine. Tried to perform a
behavioral intervention on a possum that kept getting into the
trash out back. I should be ok in a couple days, no sense wasting
time going to the doctor when theres behavior analysis to do! Lemme
see that data!
Slide 20
HmmI see What's the verdict, doc? It seems that in one week you
made 65 biting responses. Now that we have this information, I want
you to record your responses again for the next seven days, but
this time Ive implemented for you a specially designed punishment
contingency.
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Punishment Wear this rubber band around your wrist. Every time
you respond, I want you to pull that baby back and give yourself a
big welt-inducing snap. No stinging wrist pain Bites nail/ around
nails. Stinging wrist pain This is gonna hurt. I thought you were
supposed to be helpin me doc not forcing me to torture myself. Oh
well, no pain no gain I suppose. BEFORE: BEHAVIOR: AFTER:
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Hey Doc! You look like your feeling better. Ive got some good
news and some bad news. Thanks! I feel great! Well, lets hear the
news. The good news is that my rate of responding decreased over
the past week. I made 35 responses over the past seven days. But
the bad news is I found myself still biting despite being aware of
the punishment I would receive. HmmI should have expected as much.
As we saw earlier, punishment by the presentation of pain hasnt
been enough to override the powerful reinforcement contingency
behind your behavior. Not to worry, the next phase in our
intervention should prove to be highly effective. Here we go again
Hey! What are you gonna do with that glove!?
Slide 24
Extinction No biting feeling Bites nail/around nails. Still no
biting feeling I think I understand. The gloves will stop the
reinforcement contingency, and effectively extinguish the behavior!
I want you to wear these latex gloves for the next week as much as
possible. They will act like a force field between your teeth and
your fingertips. BEFORE:BEHAVIOR: AFTER: Thats right! Be sure and
remember to record response data. Even when you have the gloves on,
you might still try and bite yourself. Record those responses as
well.
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Hey Doc! Man these gloves worked wonders. I couldnt be wearin
them all the time, but I tried my best to have em on as much as I
could. Guess what? I only made 18 responses over the whole week!
Thats great news! And your right on time. I was just about to make
a graph comparing your baseline measurement to our intervention
data.
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Look, doc. Weve been working together for awhile now. Ive
learned a lot about the principles of behavior and Ive seen that it
is possible for me to stop biting at myself. I want to stop, but I
just dont think I can wear latex gloves for the rest of my life!
And you dont have to. Its time we implemented an effective
performance management procedure.
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What do you mean? I mean we have to manage your behavior using
rule-governed contingencies, so that you wont go back to your
normal rate of responding when this intervention is over.
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Heres what Im going to have you do. At the end of every day, I
want you to have your family and friends look at your fingertips in
excruciating detail. I see. Id be ashamed to show my wife and kids
the products of my behavior. It would be quite aversive. Unless, of
course, I never make a response.
Slide 31
Exactly. Were taking that previously improbable aversive
outcome and making it quite probable. Theoretically, this will
cause a new direct-acting contingency to take effect, in which the
behavior is punished by the thought of having to show your
fingertips at the end of the day. This is all getting kind of
complicated, doc.
Slide 32
Nonsense! Its all very simple! Lets just look at the three
contingency model of performance management. The three piano
what?
Slide 33
Hey, whats that first contingency you got up there? You didnt
mention that before. Thats the ineffective natural contingency
thats failed to control your behavior in the past. Its a direct
acting contingency, but the aversive outcome of disfiguring your
fingers was very small, although became cumulative as it occurred
many times throughout the day. Ineffective Natural Contingency No
risk of embarrassment Bite nail / nail area Very tiny increase in
risk of embarrassment BEFORE: BEHAVIOR: AFTER:
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Ineffective Natural Contingency No risk of embarrassment Bite
nail / nail area Very tiny increase in risk of embarrassment No
aversive thoughts of future shame Inferred Theoretical Direct
Acting Contingency Bite nail / nail area Aversive thoughts of
future shame Theres the theoretical contingency you mentioned
earlier! Yep, lets move on to the all important contingency Ive
chosen for your performance management. BEFORE: BEHAVIOR:
AFTER:
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Ineffective Natural Contingency No risk of embarrassment Bite
nail / nail area Very tiny increase in risk of embarrassment No
aversive thoughts of future shame Inferred Theoretical Direct
Acting Contingency Bite nail / nail area Aversive thoughts of
future shame Effective Indirect Acting Performance Management
Contingency Sure is. Its also a rule- governed analog to
punishment. Will not be embarrassed at end of day Bite nail / nail
area Will be embarrassed at end of day Wow! That third one is a
mouthful! BEFORE: BEHAVIOR: AFTER:
Slide 36
Thanks, Doc! Behavioral Analysis Rules! Well, it sure has been
a pleasure working with you. Follow these rules strictly, and
implement some of the tools like the latex gloves if you need to.
Im sure by the next time you see me, this behavior will be
vanquished from your repertoire!
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Yea, Im alright. Turns out that possum really did have rabies.
The doctor says Ive come down with full-blown mad cow disease! Hey
Doc! Im here for my follow-up and Ive got great news! Oh, well. I
can come back another time- Nonsense! Show me them hands! AGH! You
scared me Doc. You feeling ok? You look a little different from the
last time I was here
Slide 39
Uhh..thanks, Doc. Not a scratch! You look like you just had a
manicure! Im so proud of ya, son.