sgUnit 1 Study Guide

1. The European explorers who followed Columbus to North America continued to view themselves as European

2. The colonists who ultimately embraced the vision of America as an independent nation had in common all of the following characteristics except

an unwillingness to subjugate others

3. All of the following were characteristics of the original thirteen colonies exceptbelief that they were a single people with a common destiny, who ought to break

away from Britain

4. The ideals that the colonists cherished as synonymous with American life included reverence for all of the following except

opposition to slavery

5. Identify the statement that is false.

6. By the 1770s, which of the following issues helped bring about a crisis of imperial authority?

Taxing, self-rule, trade restrictions

7. The existence of a single original continent has been proved by the presence ofidentical species of fish in long-separated freshwater lakes

8. Which of the following mountain ranges was probably created before the continental separation, approximately 350 million years ago?

The Appalachians

9. Which of the following was not a feature created in North America ten thousand years ago when the glaciers retreated?

The Grand Canyon

10. The Great Ice Age accounted for the origins of North America's human history because

it exposed a land bridge connected Eurasia to North America

11. Most likely the first Americans werepeople who crossed the land bridge to North America

12. In 1492, when Europeans arrived in the Americas, the total of the two continents' populations was perhaps

54 million

13. Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following except

engaged in voyages of ocean discovery

14. The size and sophistication of Native American civilizations in Mexico and South America can be attributed to

the development of agriculture

15. All of the following are true of the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations except theyhad the use of large draft animals such as the horse and oxen

16. The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America wascorn

17. Native American (Indian) civilization was least highly developed inNorth America

18. One of the main factors that enabled Europeans to conquer native North Americans with relative ease was the

absence of dense populations or complex nation states in NA

19. The development of “three sister” farming on the southeast Atlantic seaboardproduced a rich diet that increased population density

20. Before the arrival of Europeans, most native peoples in North Americalived in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements

21. Identify the statement that is false.

22. The Iroquois Confederacy was able to menace its Native American and European neighbors because of

its military alliance, sustained by political and organizational skills

23. All of the following were original territories of North American Indian populations within the current borders of the United States except

Mesoamerica

24. Men in the more settled agricultural groups in North America performed all of the following tasks except

tend crops

25. The early voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers did not result in permanent settlement in North America because

no nation-state yearning to expand supported these ventures

26. All of the following set into motion the chain of events that led to a drive of Europeans toward Asia, the penetration of Africa, and the discovery of the New

World excepteconomic hardships and overpopulation at home

27. The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they

they brought new of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk

28. Europeans wanted to discover a new, shorter route to eastern Asia in order to-break the hold Muslim merchants had on trade with Asia-reduce the price of goods from Asia-gain more profits for themselves-reduce the time it took to transport goods-ALL OF THE ABOVE <----- 29. Before the middle of the fifteenth century, sub-Saharan Africa had remained remote

and mysterious to Europeans becausesea travel down the African coast had been impossible

30. Which group was responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived?

The Arabs and Africans

31. In the last half of the fifteenth century, some forty thousand Africans were forced into slavery by Portugal and Spain to

work on plantations on the Atlantic sugar islands

32. The origins of the modern plantation system can be found in thePortuguese slave trade

33. Spain was united into a single nation-state whenFerdinand and Isabella married and the African Moors were expelled

34. Identify the statement that is false.

35. The stage was set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history when-Europeans clamored for more and cheaper products from Asia-Africa was established as a source of slave labor-the Portuguese demonstrated the feasibility of long-range ocean navigational-the Renaissance nurtured a spirit of optimism and adventure-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

36. In an effort to reach the Indies, Spain looked westward becausePortugal controlled the African coast

37. After his first voyage, Christopher Columbus believed that he hadsailed to the outskirts of the East Indies

38. Columbus called the native people in the “New World” Indians becausehe believed he had skirted the rim of the “Indies”

39. All of the following contributed to the emergence of a new interdependent global economic system except

the belief of European explorers that they could create new cultures

40. Which of the following New World plants revolutionized the international economy?-maize-potatoes-beans-tomatoes-ALL OF THE ABOVE <----

41. The introduction of American plants around the world resulted inrapid population growth in Europe

42. European contact with Native Americans led tothe deaths of millions of natives, who had little resistance to European diseases

43. Within a century after Columbus's landfall in the New World, the Native American population was reduced by nearly

90%

44. European explorers introduced ___smallpox_________________ into the New World.

45. The flood of precious metal from the New World to Europe resulted inthe growth of capitalism

46. The institution of encomienda allowed theEuropean governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize

them

47. Men became conquistadores because they wanted to-gain God's favor by spreading Christianity-escape dubious pasts-seek adventures, like the heroes of classical antiquity had done-satisfy their desire for gold-ALL OF THE ABOVE <----

48. The Aztec chief Moctezuma allowed Cortés to enter the capital of Tenochtitlán because

he believed Cortes was the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl

49. In which of the following is the explorer mismatched with the area he explored?Ponce de Leon – Mississippi River Valley^he explored Florida

50. Spain began to fortify and settle its North American border lands in order toprotect its domains from encroachments from England and France

51. As a result of Popé's Rebellion in 1680, thePueblo Indians destroyed every Catholic church in New Mexico

52. The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadores can be described as

at times brutal and exploitative

53. Which of the following is the false concept, which held that the Spanish conquerors merely tortured and butchered the Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left little but misery behind?

The Black Legend

54. All of the following were true of the Spanish exceptthey practiced the same treatment the English would towards the Indians by

isolating and shunning them

55. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the

English at Jamestown in 1607

56. Which word best describes England's efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish Empire?

indifferent

57. Identify the statement that is false.

58. The English treatment of the Irish, under the reign of Elizabeth I, can best be described as

violent and unjust

59. Match each individual on the left with the correct phrase on the right.

A. Francis Drake 1 1. “sea dog” who plundered the treasure ships of the Spanish Main

B. Walter Raleigh 4 2. adventurer who tried but failed to establish a colony in Newfoundland

C. Humphrey Gilbert 2 3. explorer whose voyage in 1498

established England’s territorial claims in the New World4. courtier whose colony at Roanoke Island was mysteriously abandoned in the 1580s5. colonizer who helped establish tobacco as a cash crop in Georgia

60. Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with thedefeat of the Spanish Armada

61. The first English attempt at colonization in 1585 was inRoanoke Island

62. England's defeat of the Spanish Armadahelped ensure England's naval dominance in the north Atlantic

63. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Reformation, (B) founding of Jamestown colony, (C) Restoration, (D) defeat of the Spanish Armada, and (E) colony of Georgia founded.

ADBCE

64. Identify the statement that is false.

65. The spirit of the English on the eve of colonization included all of the following except

limited patriotism

66. On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a-a unified national state-a measure of religious unity-a sense of nationalism-a popular monarch-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

67. All of the following were true of England as the 17th century opened up exceptdesolate cities with a decreasing population

68. The __laws of primogeniture______________ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates.

69. The financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America were

provided bya joint-stock company

70. All of the following provided motives for English colonization exceptneed for a place to exploit slave labor

71. The guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the “rights of Englishmen” proved to be

the foundation of American liberties

72. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized bystarvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids

73. Despite an abundance of fish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because

they were unaccustomed to fending for themselves and wasted time looking for gold

74. Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described assaving the colony from collapse

75. Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped in order toimpress Smith with his power and show the Indian's desire for peace

76. Of the four hundred settlers who managed to make it to Virginia, only sixty survived the "starving time" winter of

1609-1610

77. When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, heimposed a harsh military regime on the colony

78. Relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan were at first conciliatory, but remained tense, especially

when the starving English colonists took to raiding Indian food supplies

79. A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by themarriage of Pocahontas to colonist John Rolfe

80. The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described asending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society

81. Identify the statement that is false.

82. The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) succumbed to the Europeans because they

-died in large numbers from European diseases

-lacked unity to resist whites-could be disposed of by Europeans with no harm to the colonial economy-ALL OF THE ABOVE <------

83. The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas, from this they

became nomadic hunters

84. The biggest disrupter of Native American life wasdisease

85. The Indians that had the greatest opportunity to adapt to the European incursion wereinland tribes such as the Algonquians

86. The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following exceptthe diversification of the colony's economy

87. After the purchases of slaves in 1619 by Jamestown settlers, additional purchases of Africans were few because

they were too costly

88. In 1650, Virginia counted only 300 blacks in its population, although by the end of the century, blacks, most of them enslaved, made up approximately _14___ percent of the colony's population.

89. The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it

was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America

90. A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony in 1634 was tobe financially profitable and a refuge for Catholics

91. Despite its problems, Maryland prospered, and like Virginia itblossomed in acres of tobaccodepended on mainly white indentured servants for labor

92. At the outset, Lord Baltimore allowed some religious toleration in the Maryland colony because he

hoped to secure freedom of worship for his fellow Catholics

93. In 1649, Maryland's Act of Tolerationguaranteed toleration to all Christians

94. Tobacco was considered a poor man's crop becauseit could be produced easily and quickly

95. Sugar was called a rich man's crop for all of the following reasons except that itcould be purchased only by the wealthy

96. Under the Barbados slave code, slaves weredenied fundamental rights

97. By about 1700, black slaves outnumbered white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly

4 to 1

98. The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated inBarbados

99. The colony of South Carolina prosperedby developing close ties with the British West Indies

100. Two major exports of the Carolinas wererice and Indian slaves

101. Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because theywere experienced in rice cultivation

102. The busiest seaport in the southern colonies wasCharleston

103. North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that theywere the two most democratic colonies

104. The inhabitants of North Carolina were regarded by their neighbors asoutcasts and irreligious

105. The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described ashostile

106. The colony of Georgia was foundedas a defensive buffer for the valuable Carolinas

107. Georgia's founders were determined tocreate a haven for people imprisoned in debt

108. Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons exceptJohn Oglethorpe's leadership

109. The purpose of the periodic “mourning wars” wasthe large-scale adoption of captives and refugees

110. The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs wasHandsome Lake

111. Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar in that they were alleconomically dependent on the export of a single staple crop

112. By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies-based their economies on the production of a single staple crop-practiced slavery-provided tax support for the Church of England-had few large cities-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

113. Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, and (D) Maryland.

CDBA

114. Colonists in both the North and the South established differences in all of the following areas except

allegiance to England

115. Identify the statement that is false.

116. All of the following are true of Martin Luther exceptthere was little notice of his reforms in Europe

117. John Calvin profoundly affected the thought of all of the following exceptSpanish Armenians

118. Match each item on the left with the correct definition.A. predestination - 1 1. belief that from the moment of creation

some souls were “saved” and others “damned”

B. conversion - 3 2. belief that faith, good works, and repentance could earn salvation

C. antinomianism - 4 3. the sign of receipt of God's free gift of saving grace4. belief that those whom God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws

119. In Calvinist thought, the “conversion” wasan intense, personal experience with God when He revealed one's heavenly destiny

120. In Puritan doctrine, the “elect” were also referred to as“visible saints”

121. Henry VIII aided the entrance of Protestant beliefs into England when hebroke England's ties with the Catholic church

122. King James I opposed the Separatists who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England because he

realized that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they could defy his as their political leader

123. The Separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order toavoid the Dutchification of their childrenpractice their purified Protestantism

124. Match each colony on the left with its associated item.A. Plymouth - 2 1. General CourtB. Connecticut - 3 2. Mayflower CompactC. Massachusetts Bay - 3. Fundamental Orders

4. patroonships

125. All of the following were true of the Pilgrims except theywere a sect of radical Catholics

126. The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a(n)a promising step towards genuine self-government

127. The leader that helped the Pilgrims survive wasWilliam Bradford

128. The historical significance of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Bay lies in theirmoral and spiritual qualities

129. Unlike Separatists, the Puritansremained members of the Church of England

130. Initially, the Massachusetts Bay Colony enjoyed all of the following advantages except that of

carrying over the majority of Puritans

131. Puritan doctrine included acceptance ofthe idea of a covenant with Goddrinking, eating, making love, singing

132. With the franchise in Massachusetts extended to all adult males who belonged to Puritan congregations, the proportion of qualified voters (approximately 2/5) in this colony as compared to England was

larger

133. In the Massachusetts “Bible Commonwealth,” clergymenwere barred from holding formal office

134. Puritan religious beliefs allowed all of the following exceptchallenging religious authority

135. Among the Puritans, it was understood thatthe purpose of government was to enforce God's laws

136. People who flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy in Massachusetts Bay were subject to which of the following punishments?

-fines-flogging-banishment-death-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

137. According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Baythe truly saved need not obey the laws of God or man

138. All of the following were true of Roger Williams excepthe was not a Separatist and advocated reconciliation with the Church of England

139. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williamsestablished complete religious freedom for all

140. Roger Williams' beliefs included all of the following exceptdemanding oaths regarding religious beliefs

141. As a colony, Rhode Island became known forindividualistic and independent attitudes

142. Settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental Orders, which

established a regime democratically controlled by “substantial citizens”

143. The city of New Haven was settled byPuritans

144. After the Pequot War, Puritan efforts to convert Indians to Christianity can best be

described asfeeble, compared to those of the Spanish or French

145. The New England Indians' only hope for resisting English encroachment lay ininter-tribal unity against the English

146. King Philip's War resulted inthe lasting defeat of the New England Indians

147. During the early years of colonization in the New World, Englandpaid little attention to its colonies

148. The New England Confederationwas designed to bolster colonial defense

149. The Dominion of New England-included all the New England colonies-created by the English government to streamline the administration of the colonies-was designed to bolster colonial defense-eventually included New York and west New Jersey-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

150. As the head of Dominion of New England, Sir Edmund Andros was all of the following except

a Puritan

151. As a result of England's Glorious Revolutionthe Dominion of the New World collapsed

152. As a result of Sir Edmund Andros's rule-the power of town meetings was curbed-officials tried to enforce the Navigation Laws-taxes were levied without the consent of elected representatives-smuggling was suppressed-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

153. New York wasoriginally founded by the Dutch

154. The Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York)was noted for its lack of enthusiasm for democratic practices

155. New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they bothhad ethnically mixed populations

156. When the English gained control over New Netherland

the autocratic spirit survived

157. One of the traits that made Quakers unpopular in England wastheir refusal to perform military service

158. The physical growth of English New York was slowed becauseof the monopolistic land policies of the aristocrats

159. Pennsylvania was thebest advertised

160. Indian policy in early Pennsylvania can be best described asbenevolent

161. Economically, the colony of Pennsylvaniabecame profitable very quickly

162. All the middle colonies werenotable for their fertile soil

163. The middle colonies were notable for theirunusual degree of democratic control

164. Recently, historians have increasingly viewed the colonial period as oneof contact and adaptation between native populations

165. The section of the American colonies where there was the greatest internal conflict was

the middle colonies

166. The picture of colonial America that is emerging from new scholarship is a society formed by

-encounters with native peoples-European heritage-many intertwining roots-American heritage-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

167. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) restoration of Charles II to the English throne, (B) English Civil War, (C) Glorious Revolution, and (D) Protestant Reformation.

DBAC

168. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) great Puritan migration, (B) founding of Plymouth Colony, (C) Protestant Reformation, and (D) founding of Rhode Island.

CBAD

169. Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of (A) New York, (B) Massachusetts Bay, (C) Pennsylvania, and (D) Plymouth.

DBAC

170. As the seventeenth century wore on, regional differences continued to crystalize, most notably

the importance of slave labor in the South

171. The population of the Chesapeake colonies, throughout the first half of the seventeenth century, was notable for its

scarcity of women

172. In 1650, males in the Chesapeake area competed for the affections of the extremely scarce women, whom they outnumbered nearly

6 to 1

173. In the seventeenth century, due to a high death rates, families were both few and fragile in

the Chesapeake

174. During the seventeenth century, indentured servitude solved the labor problem in many English colonies for all of the following reasons except that

Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies

175. The headright system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted ofgiving 50 acres of land to anyone who paid the passage of a laborer

176. By 1700, the most populous colony in English America wasVirginia

177. Seventeenth-century colonial tobacco growers usually responded to depressed prices for their crop by

growing more tobacco to increase their volume of production

178. _Merchant Planters_________ reaped the greatest benefit from the land policies of the headright system.

179. For their labor in the colonies, indentured servants received all of the following except

a headright

180. English yeomen who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment of their passage to an American colony were called

indentured servants

181. Throughout the greater part of the seventeenth century, the Chesapeake colonies acquired most of the labor they needed from

white servants

182. Most immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century came asindentured servants

183. Over the course of the seventeenth century, most indentured servantsfaced increasingly harsh circumstances

184. By the end of the seventeenth century, indentured servants who gained their freedom

had no choice but to hire themselves out to their former masters

185. Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly byyoung men frustrated by their inability to acquire land

186. The immediate reason for Bacon's Rebellion wasIndian attacks on frontier settlements

187. As a result of Bacon's Rebellionplanters began looking for less troublesome sources of labor

188. The majority of African slaves coming to the New Worldwere delivered to South America and the West Indies

189. All of the following are reasons for increased reliance on slave labor, after 1680, in colonial American except

higher numbers of indentured servants in the colonies

190. Many of the slaves who reached North Americawere originally captured by African coastal tribes

191. For those Africans who were sold into slavery, the middle passage can be best described as

the gruesome ocean voyage to America

192. Identify the statement that is false.

193. The physical and social conditions of slavery were harshest inSouth Carolina

194. All of the following are true conditions of the Chesapeake, as compared to the Deep

South, excepteven though the slave population began to rise, family life was still impossible

195. African American contributions to American culture include all of the following except

the guitar

196. While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons,racial discrimination also played a role in shaping the system

197. The slave society that developed in North America was one of the few slave societies in history to

perpetuate itself through natural reproduction

198. The slave culture that developed in Americawas a uniquely New World creation

199. Slave Christianity emphasized all of the following in their faith exceptthe concepts of humility and obedience

200. Compared with indentured servants, African American slaves werea more manageable labor source

201. As slavery spread in the Southgaps in social structure widened

202. Most of the inhabitants of the colonial American South werelandowning small farmers

203. Urban development in the colonial Southwas slow to develop

204. At the bottom of the social class in the South were theslaves

205. It was typical of colonial New England adults tomarry early and have several children

206. The New England family can best be described asa very stable institution

207. Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because

Southern men frequently died young

208. Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because

they worried such rights would undercut the unity of married persons

209. In seventeenth-century colonial America, all of the following are true regarding women except

women had no rights as individuals

210. The expansion of New England societyproceeded in an orderly fashion

211. When new towns were established in New England, all of the following were true except

families did not automatically receive land

212. The Puritan system of congregational church government logically led todemocracy in political government

213. Thomas Jefferson once observed that “the best school of political liberty the world ever saw” was the

New England town meeting

214. All of the following were consequences of the Half-Way Covenant exceptit maintained the original agreement of the covenant

215. The Half-Way Covenantadmitted non-converted children of church members to baptism

216. The Salem witchcraft trials werethe result of unsettled social and religious issues in Massachusetts

217. During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of those accused as witches werefrom families of the rich market economyproperty owning women

218. The Salem witch hunt in 1692was opposed by the more responsible members of the clergy

219. As a result of poor soil, all of the following conditions prevailed in New England except that

reliance on a single staple crop became a necessity

220. The New England economy depended heavily onfishing, shipbuilding, and commerce

221. In contrast to the Chesapeake colonies, those in New Englandhad a more diversified economy

222. The English justified taking land from the native inhabitants on the grounds that the Indians

wasted the earth

223. The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in New England resulted in the people there possessing which of the following qualities?

-resourcefulness-energy-self-reliance-stubborness-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

224. The impact of New England on the rest of the nation can best be described asextremely importaint

225. Compared with most seventeenth-century Europeans, Americans lived inaffluent abundance

226. The late-seventeenth-century rebellion in New York was headed by ___Jacob Leisler_________________, whereas that in Maryland was led by __Protestants________.

227. All of the following are reasons the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought independence except

distinctive racial structures

228. Identify the statement that is false.

229. One feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was theirrapidly growing populations

230. As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century

a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country

231. The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly tothe natural fertility of all Americans

232. The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was16

233. By 1775, which of the following communities could not be considered a city in colonial America?

Baltimore

234. By the end of the 1700s, what was the percentage of people living in rural areas of colonial America?

90%

235. The Scots-Irish can best be described aspugnacious, lawless, individualistic

236. With regard to governmental authority, the Scots-Irish colonistscherished no love for the British or any other government

237. An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as

the March of the Paxton Boys

238. In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as

the Regulator Movement

239. By 1775, the ___ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America.Africans

240. The population of the thirteen American colonies wasprobably the most diverse in the world, although mostly Anglo-Saxon

241. The South held about ___ percent of the slaves in the thirteen colonies of North America.

90%

242. The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ___________________the middle colonies_____, whereas __New England__________ was the least ethnically diverse.

243. Identify the statement that is false.

244. During the colonial era, all of the following peoples created new societies out of diverse ethnic groups in America except

Asians

245. In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, colonial Americanshad become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility

246. On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased, partly because

some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers

247. By the mid-1700s, the number of poor people in the American coloniesremained tiny compared with the number in England

248. In 1760, colonial legislatures were so concerned about the dangers present in a heavy concentration of resentful slaves that they tried passing legislation that would halt the further importation of slaves to their colony. However, this measure was blocked by the British authorities, who sought to continue to provide the cheap labor. Which of the following colonial legislatures sought this measure?

South Carolina

249. When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities

vetoed such efforts

250. The riches created by the growing slave population in the American Southwere not distributed evenly among whites

251. The most honored profession in early colonial society wasministry

252. The least honored profession in early colonial society wasmedicine

253. By the eighteenth century, the various colonial regions had distinct economic identities; the northern colonies relied on _cattle and grain_________, the Chesapeake colonies relied on __tobacco________, and the southern colonies relied on _rice and indigo_________.

254. Agriculture was the leading industry, involving about _90__ percent of the people.

255. The leading industry in the American colonies wasagriculture

256. One of the surest avenues to speedy wealth in the American colonies wasa commercial venture

257. The triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industryinvolved the trading of rum for African slaves

258. Identify the statement that is false.

259. Although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance, they did produce which of the following?

-rum-beaver hats-lumber-iron-ALL OF THE ABOVE <-----

260. The most important manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was

lumbering

261. What proportion of the British merchant marine fleet was American built?one-third

262. Which of the following was not considered to be a naval store?glass

263. One feature of the American economy that strained the relationship between the colonies and Britain was the

growing American desire to trade with European countries in addition to the British

264. When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act toinhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies

265. American colonists sought trade with countries other than Great Britainto make money to buy what they wanted from Britain

266. Transportation in colonial America wasslow by any of the means available

267. Colonial American taverns were all of the following exceptfrequented mainly by the lower class

268. English officials tried to establish the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because

the church would act as a major prop for royal authority

269. In 1775, the _Congregational and Anglican______________ churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America.

270. Match each denomination on the left with the region where it predominated.A. Congregationalist 1. the frontierB. Anglican2. New EnglandC. Presbyterian3. the South

Congregationalist – New EnglandAnglican – the SouthPresbyterian – the Frontier

271. As the Revolution approached, Presbyterian and Congregational ministers in generalsupported the revolutionary cause

272. By the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America wasless fervid than when the colonies were established

273. The religious doctrine of the Armenians held thatindividual free will determined one's eternal fate

274. Match each individual on the left with his or her talent.B. Benjamin FranklinA. Jonathan Edwards 1. poet

2. scientistC. Phillis Wheatley3. theologian4. portrait artistJonathan Edwards – theologianBenjamin Franklin – scientistPhillis Wheatley - poet

275. The New Light preachers of the Great Awakeningdelivered intensely emotional speeches

276. The Great Awakening-undermined prestige of learned clergy-split colonial churches into competing fractions-led to the founding of colleges-first spontaneous mass movement of the American people-ALL OF THE ABOVE <------

277. The time-honored English ideal, which Americans accepted for some time, regarded education as

reserved for the aristocratic few

278. In colonial America, education was most zealously promotedin New England

279. Colonial schools and colleges placed their main emphasis onreligion

280. The first American college free from denominational control wasthe University of Pennsylvania

281. Match the following description with the artist.

A. John Trumbull - 3 1. regarded as a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War

B. Charles Wilson Peale - 2 2. best known for his portraits of George Washington, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry

C. Benjamin West - 4 3. from Connecticut and was discouraged by his father as a youth, "Connecticut is not Athens"

D. John Singleton Copley - 1 4. close friend of George III and official court painter, was buried in London's St. Paul's Cathedral

282. All of the following contributed to the lack of development of art and artists in early colonial America except

lack of talent among the American people

283. Culture in colonial Americawas generally ignored and unappreciated

284. The person most often called the “first civilized American” wasBenjamin Franklin

285. All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin exceptinfluential poetry

286. The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because

it pointed the way to open public discussion

287. One political principle that colonial Americans came to cherish above most others was

self-taxation through representation

288. By 1775, most governors of American colonies wereappointed by the king

289. Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because

they controlled taxes and the governor's salary

290. In colonial electionsthe right to vote was reserved for property holders

291. By the mid-eighteenth century, North American colonies shared all of the following

similarities exceptcomplete democracy