SEYCHELLE TUNA CONFERENCE SEYCHELLE TUNA CONFERENCE 4-6 February 2010 Mahé, Seychelles Helga Josupeit, FAO • World Tuna Trade Challenges and Opportunities
Mar 30, 2015
SEYCHELLE TUNA CONFERENCESEYCHELLE TUNA CONFERENCE
4-6 February 2010Mahé, Seychelles
Helga Josupeit, FAO •
World Tuna TradeChallenges and Opportunities
This presentation will cover…This presentation will cover…
• World Tuna Trade
• Tuna Prices
• Challenges
• Opportunities
• Summary and Outlook
Tuna exports versus total exportsTuna exports versus total exports(1000 million US$)(1000 million US$)
1986 1991 1996 2001 2008
Total 22.6 38.2 52.3 55.8 94.5
Tuna 1.7 3.1 4.2 5.0 7.5
Fish Exports in Value (2008)Fish Exports in Value (2008)
Salmon8%
Small pelagics7%
Groundfish15%
Cephalopods5%
Crustaceans (others)
7%
Fish oil1%
Fishmeal3%Molluscs
(other)5%
Others22%
Tuna8%
Freshwater2%
Shrimp17%
Tuna exports versus catchTuna exports versus catch
010002000300040005000600070008000
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
mill
ion
US
$
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
mil
lio
n M
T
Tuna exportsTuna catchLine 3Line 4
Fresh/frozen tuna importsFresh/frozen tuna imports
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1000
MT
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Thailand Japan
Spain United States of America
Mauritius Others
Canned tuna importsCanned tuna imports
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1000
MT
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
USA France UK Italy Germany Others
EU: Frozen Yellowfin PricesEU: Frozen Yellowfin Prices
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
-01
Jul-
01
Jan
-02
Jul-
02
Jan
-03
Jul-
03
Jan
-04
Jul-
04
Jan
-05
Jul-
05
Jan
-06
Jul-
06
Jan
-07
Jul-
07
Jan
-08
Jul-
08
Jan
-09
Jul-
09
Jan
-10
euro
/kg
Frozen Skipjack PricesFrozen Skipjack Prices
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90Ja
n-91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96Ja
n-97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00Ja
n-01
Jan-
02Ja
n-03
Jan-
04Ja
n-05
Jan-
06Ja
n-07
Jan-
08Ja
n-09
Jan-
10
US
$/M
T
ThaiAfrica
Canned Tuna PricesCanned Tuna Prices
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
08
20
10
US
$/c
art
on EUROPE
USA
• Canned tuna trade has stablized in recent years
• Thailand major canned tuna exporting country, and growing strongly in recent years
• but also the Philippines is expanding somewhat
Summary and OutlookSummary and Outlook
• Economic crisis had impact on canned tuna and sashimi quality tuna
• USA by far main canned tuna importing country, demand declining due to various reasons
• Demand in canned tuna consuming countries is very price conscious
Summary and OutlookSummary and Outlook
• More supermarket labels, especially in traditionally more trade brands oriented countries, such as Italy and Spain
• High value products such as tuna in glass jars are having a difficult time in Europe
• No tuna pouches in Europe
• Prices, importers are willing to pay, are relatively low
Summary and OutlookSummary and Outlook
ChallengesChallenges
• WTO
• CITES
• EU IUU regulations
Challenges (cont.)Challenges (cont.)
• eco-labels
• tariffs
• free trade agreements
• mercury
• carbon foot prints
WTO Agreements of relevance WTO Agreements of relevance for fisheriesfor fisheries
• Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)
• Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade• Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing
Measures• Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures• Agreement on Anti-Dumping• Agreement on Rules of Origin• Dispute Settlement
Doha Agenda Doha Agenda environmental labellingenvironmental labelling
• to clarify the impact of eco-labelling on trade and
• examine whether WTO rules stand in the way of eco-labelling policies.
• FAO adopted a set of voluntary guidelines for the ecolabelling of fish products, March 2005
WTO and market accessWTO and market access
• Discussion on zero duty
• Swiss formula
CITES (Atlantic Bluefin)CITES (Atlantic Bluefin)
• Fifteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties of CITES in Doha (Qatar), 13-25 March 2010
• In December 2009, a majority of the FAO Ad Hoc Expert Advisory Panel considered that the available data does support the proposal to include Atlantic bluefin in CITES Appendix I,
• BUT no consensus was not reached • consensus for inclusion of Atlantic bluefin in
Appendix II
EU IUU regulationEU IUU regulation
• All seafood export shipments to the EU must clearly show the origin of the products, – including the sea area where the fish are caught and the
names of the fishing boats. Otherwise, they will be refused entry.
– This law was implemented on 1 January 2010.
– Tuna fisheries are also one of the fisheries most subject to IUU fishing in the past
– Panama and Belize: additional information requested
Eco labels and tunaEco labels and tuna• Dolphin safe tuna• Friend of the Sea
– Frabelle Fishing Corporation (PNG/Western Pacific) – Maldives (Indian Ocean)– Philippines (Western Pacific)– Sri Lanka (Indian Ocean)– Azores (North Atlantic)– Brazil (South West Atlantic)– Namibia (South East Atlantic)
Senegal (Eastern Central Atlantic)
• MSC– American Albacore Tuna– Tosakatuso skipjack tuna
Tariffs and Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements - USAFree Trade Agreements - USA
• “classical” 6% on canned tuna imports, up to a quota, 12.5% when quota is filled Andean Community countries: only tuna in pouch has duty free entry into USA, and this will be revised soon
• Free Trade Treaty for Central American countries – 0% tariff for tuna in oil, 1-2% for other canned tuna
Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – USA (cont.)USA (cont.)
• Discussion on Free Trade Agreement with Thailand, and implications for domestic (American Samoa) tuna canneries
• Free trade agreement USA-Australia
Tariffs and Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements - EUFree Trade Agreements - EU
• EU tariffs are 18% for frozen whole tuna (suspended, that means real duty is zero) and 24% for tuna loins and canned tuna
• Tariffs for many developing countries such as Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines are 20.5%.
• ACP 0% duty on canned tuna has been replaced by EPAs, still at 0% duty. 50 countries at present
Tariffs and Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – EU (cont.) Free Trade Agreements – EU (cont.)
• GPS-Drugs agreement set certain duty free quotas for canned tuna and tuna loins from Andean Community and Central America
Tariffs and Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements - EUFree Trade Agreements - EU
• Important: Conditions to Obtain the Preferential Origin GSP– vessel are registered or recorded in that country– vessel flying the flag of that country – vessel belongs for at least 50% to nationals of that
country or if she belongs to a partnership which has his main office in this country
– the captain and the officers are nationals of the particular country
– the crew exist for at least 75% of nationals of the country
Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Japan Japan
Reduction of tariffs for tuna:
fresh and frozen tuna from 10% to 5% under the GATT agreement, and now to 3.5%
Canned tuna from 20% to 15% under the GATT agreement, and now to 9.6%, and even as low as 6.4% or free for special concessions
Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Japan Japan
• Organization for Promotion of Responsible Tuna Fisheries (OPRT)
• Mexico-Japan Free Trade Agreement
• Thailand- Japan Free Trade Agreement
• Positive Listing in Japan– both for wild (November 2003)– and farmed tuna (August 2004)
Other challenges …Other challenges …
• Carbon monoxide use prohibited in the EU (outlawed since decades, but enforcement started since early 2004) – but some confusion
• Carbon monoxide use prohibited in Japan (since 1997) – but has GRAS status in USA
• Use of hydro protein in canned tuna not allowed in the EU, but allowed in the USA
Other challenges …Other challenges …
• Methyl-mercury warning in USA, UK and Ireland
• Last week: Expert consultation on risk and benefits of seafood consumption
Country of origin labelling in USA• DNA testing on “false” tuna in Japan• All tuna In Japan must be labelled with
details of its origin
Other challenges …Other challenges …
• carbon foot print discussion– tuna fishing – transport of tuna (raw material)– transport of canned tuna
OpportunitiesOpportunities
• FTAs is an opportunity for tuna exporters
• new products, such as tuna in glass jars
• paté products
• tuna jerky
OpportunitiesOpportunities
• promote image of tuna, as a healthy, unexpensive food
• improve sustainability of tuna resources, and communicate it to the public – ISSF and this type of meeting is a very good opportunity in this respect
... and in this spirit... and in this spirit
• Thank you very much for your attention
• and to ISSF for inviting me