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Seven QC Tools

1) Flow chart

2) Run Chart3) Pareto Analysis

4) Check Sheet

5) Histogram

6) Cause and effect diagram

7) Control charts

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement:

Flow Chart

No,Continue

MaterialReceived

from

Supplier

Inspect

Material for

DefectsDefects

found?

Return to

Supplier

for Credit

YesCan be used to

find quality

problems

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Run Chart

Can be used to identify

when equipment or

processes are not

behaving according to

specifications

0.440.460.48

0.50.520.540.560.58

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Time (Hours)

Diameter

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: ParetoAnalysis

Can be used

to find when

80% of the

problemsmay be

attributed to

20% of the

causes

Assy.

Instruct.

Frequency

Design Purch. Training

80%

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and ContinuousImprovement: Checksheet

Billing Errors

Wrong Account

Wrong Amount

A/R Errors

Wrong Account

Wrong Amount

Monday

Can be used to keep track of

defects or used to make sure

people collect data in a

correct manner

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and ContinuousImprovement: Histogram

Numbe

rofLots

Data Ranges Defectsin lot0 1 2 3 4

Can be used to identify the frequency of quality

defect occurrence and display quality

performance

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement:Cause & Effect Diagram

Effect

ManMachine

Material

Method

Environment

Possible causes: The results

or effect

Can be used to systematically track backwards to

find a possible cause of a quality problem (or

effect)

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Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: ControlCharts

Can be used to monitor ongoing production process

quality and quality conformance to stated standards of

quality

970

980

990

1000

1010

1020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

LCL

UCL

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Other Six Sigma Tools

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

(DMEA) is a structured approach to

identify, estimate, prioritize, and

evaluate risk of possible failures ateach stage in the process

Design of Experiments (DOE) a

statistical test to determine cause-

and-effect relationships between

process variables and output

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Six Sigma Roles and Responsibilities

1. Executive leaders mustchampion the process ofimprovement

2. Corporation-wide trainingin Six Sigma concepts andtools

3. Setting stretch objectives

for improvement4. Continuous reinforcement

and rewards

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ISO 9000 and ISO 14000

Series of standards agreed upon bythe International Organization forStandardization (ISO)

Adopted in 1987

More than 160 countries

A prerequisite for global competition?

ISO 9000 an international reference forquality, ISO 14000 is primarilyconcerned with environmentalmanagement

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Three Forms of ISO Certification

1. First party: A firm audits itself

against ISO 9000 standards

2. Second party: A customer audits

its supplier

3. Third party: A "qualified" national

or international standards or

certifying agency serves as

auditor

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External Benchmarking Steps

1. Identify those processesneeding improvement

2. Identify a firm that is the world

leader in performing theprocess

3. Contact the managers of that

company and make a personalvisit to interview managers and

workers

4. Analyze data

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