CIVITAS IN EUROPE EVALUATION OUTCOMES 2005-2009 Mike McDonald University of Southampton
Jan 19, 2015
CIVITAS IN EUROPE
EVALUATION OUTCOMES
2005-2009
Mike McDonald
University of Southampton
Content
• The CIVITAS Initiative
• CIVITAS II Demonstration Cities
• Evaluation Approach
• What worked well?
• What was expected to work better?
• Key Facts and Figures
• Main Conclusions
The CIVITAS Initiative - objectives
• To promote and implement sustainable, clean and (energy)efficient urban transport measures
• To implement and evaluate integrated packages of technology and policy measures
• To build up critical mass and markets for succesful innovative concepts
The CIVITAS Initiative – key elements
• CIVITAS is coordinated by cities: it is a programme “of cities for cities”
• Cities are at the heart of local public private partnerships
• Political commitment is a basic requirement
• Cities are living ‘laboratories’ for learning and evaluating
CIVITAS II Demonstration Phase
• Focus on small and medium sized cities (150.000 – 500.000 inhabitants)
• They may lack specific expertise & political support to test innovative measures
• They lack innovation resources that large and capital cities usually attract
• There are more medium-sized than large (> 1 million) cities across Europe, and therefore they are important to reach the critical mass
• Development of the political dimension
• Development of the common evaluation approach
• Strong development of the ‘brand’ CIVITAS and corporate identity
Roles for CIVITAS-GUARD
1. Support CIVITAS II in performing their:
• Evaluation Activities via Evaluation Liaison Group
• Dissemination Activities via Dissemination Liaison Group
2. Monitor the progress of CIVITAS II measures and provide independent advice for the EC
(In CIVITAS Plus divided into POINTER and VANGUARD)
CIVITAS II Demonstration Cities (2005 – 2009)
Why did they participate?
• Because of the possibility to learn from other cities
• Because of political will to make a step forward in reaching sustainability
• Because of a strong local key-actor (or individual person)
• Because it was possible to integrate measures that are implemented in their cities and to understand synergy effects
Because CIVITAS’ aims fitted perfectly in local objectives for sustainable mobility
• Clean vehicles and alternative fuels (23)
• Access management (25)
• Integrated pricing strategies (8)
• Stimulation of public transport modes (37)
• New forms of vehicle use and ownership (18)
• New concepts for goods distribution (18)
• Innovative soft measures (47)
• Telematics (32)
Share of number of measures versus share of costs per clusters
Evaluation Framework in CIVITAS
CIVITAS Evaluation Objectives
Impact Evaluation Guidelines for defining
evaluation scenarios Common core indicators Guidelines for measurement Guidelines for up-scaling Guidelines for reporting
Process Evaluation Collecting information on
all stages of the measure Feedback and support Factors of success and
unexpected barriers Input for policy
recommendations
Evaluation at Measure and City Levels
Cross-site Evaluation Comparing results across sites Assessing transferability Conclusions and recommendations
CIVITAS Measures
Reporting Evaluation Results
Outline of Impact Evaluation Framework
Detailed Measure Descriptions
Effects/Impacts Indicators
Evaluation Plans
Measure or Grouped Measure level Evaluations
Project & City understandings
Cross-site Evaluation and Transferability
G U A R D
‘Baseline’
‘Business-as-Usual’
‘After’
Support for Recommendations to other
EUROPEAN CITIES
Approach to Process Evaluation
Implementation Process of Measures
Impacts and Common Indicators
Benefits ECONOMY
Costs
ENERGY Energy Consumption
Pollution / Nuisance ENVIRONMENT
Resource Consumption
Acceptance
Accessibility
Employment
Equity
Health
SOCIETY
Security
Quality of Service
Safety
Transport System TRANSPORT
Transport System
What worked well?
• Use of clean fuels produced significant reductions in emissions at local level
• Integrated (packaged) measures of ‘carrots and sticks’ in combination with clear explanation
• Citizens involvement from an early stage rose awareness levels
• Installation of small-scale public transport measures
• Installation of low emission zones
• Active traffic management schemes reduced fuel usage and emissions
What was expected to work better?
• Reduced installation and maintenance costs of innovative products
• Increase in technical capacities
• Quality and user-friendliness of technical innovations
• Natural acceptance of cycling and car sharing
• Exploitation of LEZ (eg goods distribution
Some CIVITAS II Facts & Figures
• Over 200 measures implemented
• 3150 new carpoolers attracted
• 2900 rental bikes installed
• extension/installation of 13 LEZ
• reduction of car trips 12%
• 89% less congestion in LEZ
• travel times savings up to 25%
• fuel savings up to 8%
• Forum Members: 72 (2005) , 181 (2010), representing 60 million EU inhabitants
Increase in the Clean Vehicle Fleet (700 vehicles)
CNG / Other Gas30%
Biodiesel20%
LPG20%
Soot Filters12%
Euro IV8%
Electric3%
Other2% Hybrid
1%EuroV
4%
Evaluation Issues
Differences in Expectations
Timing and Scale of Measures
Parallel Measures and Policies
Quality of Evaluation
Clarification of Measures
Resources for Evaluation
Overlapping Measures
Baseline Variability
Key Evaluation Findings
Success of legislation
Biodiesel success
Car pooling/car sharing potential
Cycle use increases
Urban logistics complex partnerships
Mobility management
Public transport measures effective
Access control reduces car use/improves environment
Main Conclusions CIVITAS II
• Attitudes towards sustainable modes improved significantly in all CIVITAS II Cities
• Citizen involvement at an early stage leads to wider public acceptance Clean vehicles are on the rise – EuroV (VI) probably best in terms of environmental benefits
• SMART-measures for mobility management can be implemented relatively easy and are very effective
• Access restrictions and parking control contribute to better local travel conditions
• Organisational planning is of major importance
• Stakeholder partnerships have led to fruitful cooperation
• Solid evaluation is necessary to assess long-term impacts
Thank you for your attention
• Mike McDonald
CIVITAS II/CIVITAS PLUS Evaluation Manager
• Project Manager: Don Guikink, [email protected]
On behalf of