AVRI NOW Previously The Institute for Animal Health
Session 1: Global Surveillance: European neighborhood and global situation
May 11, 2015
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is highly contagious, infects a wide variety of domestic and wildlife hosts and occurs as seven virus serotypeswith multiple subtypes known as topotypes. Its presence reduces production and restricts trade opportunities for endemic countries and poses a constant threat to those countries free of the disease. FMD viruses are not randomly dispersed throughout the world but are associated with particular ecological niches. The distribution is affected by recurring upsurges in the prevalence of particular strains that may be associated with viral evolution, waning population immunity and/or opportunities presented by the increasing and more frequent movements of animals and their products. This can give rise to pandemic spread affecting new regions. Current global surveillance for FMD aims to identify the current hazards and to predict heightened risk so
that appropriate diagnostics and vaccines can be made available for their detection and
control.
The World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD®) at The Pirbright Institute, UK, is the centre of an OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network that regularly receives samples for FMD diagnosis from many parts of the world. FMD virus isolates are identified by serotyping, vaccine matching with a range of current FMD vaccine strains and by nucleotide sequencing to provide precise characterisation of new isolates and tracing of their origin by comparison with viruses held in the extensive WRLFMD®and other collections. This analysis assists the monitoring of the ‘real time’ emergence and spread of FMD virus globally. Studies on FMD virus occurrence over many years have provided the information to suggest the clustering or grouping of FMD viruses into 7 virus pools, with 3 pools covering Europe, the Middle-East and Asia, 3 pools covering Africa and 1 pool covering the Americas.
This concept has provided the platform to enable a targeted approach to progressive FMD control at the national, regional and global level. This presentation will focus on the global FMD surveillance provided by the OIE/FAO network of FMD reference laboratories and highlight the regional differences in virus populations and current needs for diagnosis and control.
(c) Jef Hammond / EuFMD ([email protected])
that appropriate diagnostics and vaccines can be made available for their detection and
control.
The World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD®) at The Pirbright Institute, UK, is the centre of an OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network that regularly receives samples for FMD diagnosis from many parts of the world. FMD virus isolates are identified by serotyping, vaccine matching with a range of current FMD vaccine strains and by nucleotide sequencing to provide precise characterisation of new isolates and tracing of their origin by comparison with viruses held in the extensive WRLFMD®and other collections. This analysis assists the monitoring of the ‘real time’ emergence and spread of FMD virus globally. Studies on FMD virus occurrence over many years have provided the information to suggest the clustering or grouping of FMD viruses into 7 virus pools, with 3 pools covering Europe, the Middle-East and Asia, 3 pools covering Africa and 1 pool covering the Americas.
This concept has provided the platform to enable a targeted approach to progressive FMD control at the national, regional and global level. This presentation will focus on the global FMD surveillance provided by the OIE/FAO network of FMD reference laboratories and highlight the regional differences in virus populations and current needs for diagnosis and control.
(c) Jef Hammond / EuFMD ([email protected])
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
AVRI
NOW
Previously The Institute for Animal Health
Dr Jef M. Hammond WRLFMD® Donald King, Nick Knowles, Valerie Mioulet and Yanmin Li
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF,
UNITED KINGDOM
FMD : Global Surveillance and European Neighbourhood Situation
EuFMD October 2012 The World Reference Laboratory for FMD
• European Community Reference Laboratories for FMD – Support and diagnosis for EU Member States
• OIE Reference Laboratory for FMD – support of safeguarding and promoting international trade
• World Reference Laboratory for FMD designated by FAO – WRLFMD
– Global surveillance and threat recognition
– Reference Laboratory Network of OIE/FAO FMD Labs
FMD Reference Laboratories at Pirbright
World Reference Laboratory for FMD- WRLFMD®
• 24/7 Diagnostic Service
• Global surveillance
• Strain characterisation
• Vaccine matching (Bulgaria, South Korea, Egypt)
• Extensive library of isolates
• Test improvement & Development, validation,
• Quality assurance
• Reagent supply
• Training
• Advice & Reports
FAO, OIE, EU and National Responsibilities
Intermediate, sporadic
Endemic
Free
Free. Virus present in game parks
Free with vaccination
Countries with multiples zones:
FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free
Global Surveillance
Divides the Globe into 7 pools each with
• Multiple serotypes but topotypes mainly confined to
that pool
• Each pool may need tailored vaccines and strategies
Visualization of Regional Virus Pools
as an Aid to Global Control
Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1
The conjectured status of FMD showing approximate
distribution of regional virus pools.
Pool 5 O, A, SAT 1, 2
Pool 6 SAT 1, 2, 3
Pool 4 A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3
The conjectured status of FMD showing approximate
distribution of regional virus pools.
Pool 7
O, A
The conjectured status of FMD showing approximate
distribution of regional virus pools.
Enhanced Surveillance: OIE/FAO Lab network
Approximately ~2400
samples tested during 2011
• WRLFMD: Pirbright, UK
• RRLSEA: Pakchong, Thailand
• LVRI: Lanzhou, China
• FGI ARRIAH: Vladimir, Russia
• PDFMD: Mukteswar, India
• RRLSSA: Gabarone, Botswana
• FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya
• PANAFTOSA: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• LFADLCT: Argentina
• ARC-OVI: Onderstepoort, RSA
• PIADC: Plum Island, USA
• CODA-CERVA-VAR: Ukkel, Belgium
OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network
Annual Report 2011
Editor: Dr Jef Hammond, IAH, Pirbright, UK.
O 60%
A 24%
0%
SAT 1 1%
SAT 2 1%
SAT 3 2%
ASIA 1 12%
The network labs received >2,400 samples in 2011 from 34 countries
60% were serotype O
Increased Asia 1 activity…………………………..Serotype C was not detected
Serotyping results for 2011
O 40%
A 23%
SAT1 2%
SAT2 19%
Asia 1 16%
From > 650 samples in 2012 from 25 countries
40% were serotype O
WRLFMD® Serotyping results for 2012- upto 3rd Quarter
Increased Asia 1 activity
Increased SAT 2 activity
Still No Serotype C (not reported since 2004)
Intermediate, sporadic
Endemic FMD -Free
Free. Virus present in game parks
Free with vaccination
Countries with multiples zones:
FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free
China
O
Turkey
O, A & Asia 1
Vietnam
O
Iran
O, A & Asia 1
Chinese Taipei
O
Thailand
O & A
25 countries
~650 samples
~ 300 positive
South Africa
SAT 2
FMD Outbreaks 2012 ~ 650 Samples from 25 Countries
Afghanistan
O, A & Asia 1
Kazakhstan
O & A
Russia
O
Bahrain
O & SAT 2
Libya
O & SAT 2
Malaysia
O & A
Israel
O
Kuwait
O Egypt
O, A & SAT 2
Ethiopia
O Namibia
SAT 1
PAT
SAT 2
Kenya
O, SAT 1 & SAT 2
Zambia
SAT 2
KSA
O
Sudan
O, A & SAT 2 UAE
O
Eritrea
O
Tanzania
O, A, SAT 1
& SAT 2
Pakistan
A & Asia 1
Hong Kong
O
Turkey 2012- Dıstrıbutıon >1000 Outbreaks
The majority of these have been Asia-1.
FMD Outbreaks 2012 SAT 2 in North Africa and Middle East
serial governorates
suspicious
animals
total No of
dead animals
1 cairo 1059 23
2 Alex 2229 299
3 Port said 451 170
4 Suez 4045 299
5 Domitta 1799 636
6 Dakahlia 8058 1176
7 Sharkia 388 36
8 Quliobia 1219 176
9 Kafrelshik 1215 933
10 Gharbia 23766 3151
11 Menofia 1456 629
12 Behira 3588 815
13 Ismailia 171 20
14 Giza 2228 107
15 Benisuef 1296 361
16 Fayoum 744 278
17 Menia 1792 421
18 Assuit 1107 171
19 Sohag 1120 206
20 Quina 1054 119
21 Asswan 227 52
22 Luxor 701 82
23 Red sea 0 0
24 New valley 168 21
25 Matroh 59 11
26 North sinia 1 0
27 South sinia 0 0
total 59941 10192
Total number of notifications of FMD received from governorates for Feb-March 2012
Diseased/Dead Animals per day
August 2012
Vaccination with monovalent SAT2 – 1st round with locally produced vaccine
Total= 827954 in 21 governorates .
cattle 431568
Buffaloes 211352
sheep 159398
goat 25636
2nd round vaccination with monovalent locally produced SAT2 vaccine = 148741
cattle 114439
buffaloes 31946
sheep 1289
goat 1067
Information provided by Dr Soheir Hassan Abd El Kader Under Secretary of centeral adminstration of preventive medicine
General Organization for Veterinary Services
Ministry of Agriculture
Cairo, Egypt
FMD Outbreaks 2012 Vaccination against SAT 2 in Egypt
Egypt- Recent FMD Outbreaks
Egypt has at least 3 serotypes of FMDV
and a number of topotypes
1. O/ME-SA/Egy-72 (2006-2009)
2. O/ME-SA/PanAsia 2 (Egy-09) (2009 & 2011
3. A/Africa/G-VII (Ken-05) (2006 & 2009)
4. A/Asia/Iran-05 (Bar-08) (2010-2011)
5. A/Africa/G-IV (ISM-12) (2012)
6. SAT2/VII/Alx-12 (2012)
7. SAT2/VII/Ghb-12 (2012)
Recent Observations- SAT 2 in Sudan 2010
Recent Observations- SAT 2 in Sudan 2010
Recent Observations- A in Sudan 2011
Recent Observations- A in Sudan 2011
O, A
Pool 7
Pool 5 O, A, SAT 1, 2
Pool 4 A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3
Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 6 SAT 1, 2, 3
Regional Analysis- 2012
O, A
Pool 7
Pool 5 O, A, SAT 1, 2
Pool 4 A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3
Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 6 SAT 1, 2, 3
Pool 3
O, A, Asia 1 & SAT 2
Regional Analysis- 2012
Asia 1 and SAT 2 on the move
Serotype O- widespread circulation
– FMDV type O – ME-SA topotype – PanAsia-2 lineage
– FMDV type O – SEA topotype – Mya-98 lineage
Serotype A- widespread circulation
– FMDV type A – ASIA topotype – Iran-05 lineage
– FMDV type A – ASIA topotype – other
Serotype Asia 1 – limited circulation- BUT risk of further spread
– Reports from 6 countries in 2011 and now more in 2012
– Pirbright Vaccine trial carried out for EU-
– High potency vaccine protected animals challenged with current isolate
Serotypes SAT – restricted circulation
– Have not established outside of Africa
– But recent spread of SAT 2 into North Africa and Middle East being monitored
Serotype C - No reports of serotype C since 2004
Current FMD Threat Analysis: from reported incidence
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Result
WRLFMD® Pirbright vaccine
matching by 2dm VNT Good match
Some matches
No match
• Vaccine matching carried out on representative isolates from each submission
• 2dm VNT carried out with a variety of Merial, Intervet (MSD) and ARRIAH
bovine vaccinal reference sera
• Results presented as traffic light system
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype O vaccine matching Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage O 3039 O 4625 O Manisa O PA2
Afghanistan O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Bahrain O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Congo O ME-SA PanAsia -
Egypt O ME-SA PanAsia-2 -
Ethiopia O EA-3 - -
Iran O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
O ME-SA PanAsia-2 FAR-09
Israel O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Japan O SEA Mya 98 -
Kenya O EA-2 - -
Kuwait O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Libya O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
O EA-3 - -
Malaysia O SEA Mya-98 -
Kingdom Saudi
Arabia
O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Sudan O EA-3 - -
Thailand O SEA Mya-98 -
O ME-SA PanAsia -
Turkey O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
UAE O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Vietnam O ME-SA PanAsia -
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype O vaccine matching Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage O 3039 O 4625 O Manisa O PA2
Malaysia O SEA Mya-98 -
Thailand O SEA Mya-98 -
O ME-SA PanAsia -
Vietnam O ME-SA PanAsia -
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype O vaccine matching Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage O 3039 O 4625 O Manisa O PA2
Afghanistan O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Bahrain O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Egypt O ME-SA PanAsia-2 -
Iran O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
O ME-SA PanAsia-2 FAR-09
Israel O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Kuwait O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Libya O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
O EA-3 - -
Kingdom Saudi Arabia O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Sudan O EA-3 - -
Turkey O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
UAE O ME-SA PanAsia-2 ANT-10
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype O vaccine matching Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage O 3039 O 4625 O Manisa O PA2
Congo O ME-SA PanAsia -
Ethiopia O EA-3 - -
Kenya O EA-2 - -
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype A vaccine matching
Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage A
Eri
98
A
Saudi
95 A22
A
Iran
05
A
Tur
06
A
MAY
97
Afghanistan A Asia Iran-05 HER-10
Iran A Asia Iran-05 SIS-10
A Asia Iran-05 HER-10
A Asia Iran-05 AFG-07
Pakistan A Asia Iran-05 HER-10
Turkey A Asia Iran-05 SIS-10
Good match
Some matches
No match
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype A vaccine matching
Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage A
Eri
98
A
Saudi
95 A22
A
Iran
05
A
Tur
06
A
MAY
97
Congo A Africa G-I -
Egypt A Africa G-IV -
A Asia Iran-05 BAR-08
Sudan A Africa G-IV -
Good match
Some matches
No match
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype A vaccine matching
Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/
strain
Sub
Lineage A
Eri
98
A
Saudi
95 A22
A
Iran
05
A
Tur
06
A
MAY
97
Malaysia A Asia Sea-97 -
Thailand A Asia Sea-97 -
Good match
Some matches
No match
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
Serotype Asia 1 vaccine Matching
Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype Lineage/strain
Asia 1
India
Asia 1
Shamir
Asia 1
Shamir
>6PD50
Afghanistan Asia 1 Asia Sindh-08
Iran Asia 1 Asia Sindh-08
Pakistan Asia 1 Asia Sindh-08
Turkey Asia 1 Asia Sindh-08
Good match
Some matches
No match
Current FMD Threat Analysis: Vaccine matching 2012
SAT Serotypes Vaccine Matching
Country
of Origin
Serotype Topotype SAT 1
Rho
Kenya SAT 1 I (NWZ)
SAT 2 Zim SAT 2 Eri
Bahrain SAT 2 IV
Egypt SAT 2 VII
Kenya SAT 2 IV
Libya SAT 2 VII
PAT SAT 2 VII
Sudan SAT 2 VII
Tanzania SAT 2 IV
Good match
Some matches
No match
Vaccine Recommendations (National & European Antigen Banks)
O Manisa* O PanAsia -2* O BFS or Campos A-Iran-05 A24 Cruzeiro A22 Iraq
Asia 1 Shamir*
SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent - SAT 2 Eritrea)
A Argentina 01 A Iran 96 A Iran 99 A Eritrea A Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent) A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/Sak/97)* O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent)* SAT 1 South Africa SAT 2 Zimbabwe A15 Bangkok related strain A Kenya A87 Argentina related strain SAT 1 Kenya SAT 2 Kenya SAT 3 Zimbabwe C Noville
Within category: not in order of importance
HIGH
PRIORITY
MEDIUM
PRIORITY
LOW
PRIORITY
* or additional
strain
European Neighbourhood Is that only pool 3?
European Neighbourhood?
European Neighbourhood?
European Neighbourhood?
• What is it going to be?
• O? quite likely
• A?
• Asia 1?
• SAT 2?
• This is why we need the ref labs
• Improve and enhance
• Why we need to remain constantly on our guard
Know Your Neighbours
www.wrlfmd.org
• A major combined effort both National and Global is needed for
control
• Accurate & Timely disease information is vital
• The FMD Reference Laboratory Network provides the
Engine Room for the Global Control Initiative
Pirbright designated global coordinating lab for OIE/FAO GCP
WRLFMD Summary
Jemma Wadsworth,
Bob Statham,
Pip Hamblin,
Ginette Wilsden,
Geoff Hutchings,
Nigel Ferris,
Claudia Doel, Miki Madi,
Begona Valdazo-Gonzalez,
Caroline Wright,
Bryony Armson, Nicola Camping,
Anna Ludi,
Liz Wilson, Gareth Shimmon,
Trish Ryder,
& Suzie Hammond
Acknowledgements
Related Documents
