Session 02 - AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Symposiwn and Poster Session [0162] MANAGEMENT OF (COLEOPTERA:CHRYSOMELIDAE) R001WORM [0164] MANAGEMENT OF DIABROTlCA SPECIOSA 11'1BRAZIL MEXICAN CORN W. C. Hoffmann' & J. R. Coppedge", 'USDA-ARS-Areawide Pest Management Research Ullil, 2771 F&B Rd., College Station , TX 77845, USA, email: [email protected]; 2USDA-Soulhern Plains Area, 7607 Eastmnrk Drive, Suite 230. College Station, TX 77840, USA. An adult management program for the Mexican com rootworm (Diabrouca virgifera Krysan and Srnith) has been conducted in Texas, USA since 1995. The program has focused 00 estabiishing scouting and treatment protocols that can be used by producers, extension agents, and crop consultants to manage corn rootworm populations. Rootworm populations are monitored through traps and plant counts. By work.ing with a privare company, rraps were developed that made it easier to monitor rootworm abundance. Treatment thresholds were set at 100 cumulative beetles per lrap. If treatment thresholds are exceeded, a semiochemical-based insecticide is used to contrai the adults. This insecticide contaius a feeding stimulant that is specific to Diabrotica spp.; therefore, no non-target or beneficia! organisms are impacted by lhe trealment. The management program has been very successful in Texas. At one site in central Texas, the com that was treated due to corn rootworm infestations was reduced from 810 ha (2000 acres) in 1995 to only 39 ha (95 acres) in 1998. The use of soil insecticides in the area was also reduced to L,4to 1h of lhe conventional rale, which greatly reduces to arnount of chernicals used in com prcduction. Due to the success of the adult program at this site, additional sites around Texas were added in 1998 and 1999. The purpose of these additional sites was to introduce lhe control program to others around the state and to refine the program prorocols to each site. By 1999, adult control programs iu Texas were being conducted at 5 sites involving 24 producers and approximately 4000 ha (9900 acres). Index terrns: rootworrn, Diabrotica, areawide management, corno [0163] MANAGEMENT OF WESTERN CORN ROO1WORM IN EUROPE I. Kiss', J. Igrc-Barcic" & C_R_ Edwards", 'Dept. of Plant Proleclion, Szent Islván Univ. Gõdiill õ. H-2100 Gõdiill õ , Hungary, E-Mail [email protected]; 'Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Zagreb, Svetosirnunska cesta 25,10000 Zagreb, Croatia, E-mail [email protected]; 3Dep!. of Entomology, Purdue Univ, W. Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1158, USA, E-mai! [email protected] . The western com rootworm (WCR) was first detected (larval damage) in a cornfield near Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1992 (Baca 1993). It is likely to have arrived in Yugoslavia in lhe early 10 mid 1980's (Edwards et al , 1998). By 1999 it had spread over about 150,000 k.nl in Europe (Bulgaria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia), WCR beetles were trapped in 1998 and 1999 in ltaly, near Veoice airport. \-VCR spread in Europe has continued in ali directions from the original infestation poi nr. The greatest movernent was observed on the plains, in valleys with some movement ig hilly regions, The population build up in infested arcas depends OIl com growing practices (continuous or rotation, insecticide application) and on soil properties (rnoisture, type of soil). By late 1999, ao econornic populatioo of \VCR was well established in Yugoslavia, while larval damage below the economic threshold was observed in Bosnia-HerL.egovina, Croatia, 1-I11ugaryand Romania. Countries around the irúested area operated traps as part of lhe \VCR NET networking activity (supported by FAO), but they have nol detected any \VCR beetles. It is ex1'ected Ihat other countries in the region (AlIstria, Slovakia. Ukraine) will be infested and an economic WCR population wiI1 build up in Dosnia-I-1erzegovina, Croatia, Hungary and Romania in com.ing years. 1ts biology in the illfested regions is almosl lhe same as lhal of middle Indiana, USA. n,e spread and population buildup of lhe western corn rootworm (WCR) requires tha! multiple managemenl slrategies be developed for lhe control of this corn pest (crop rotatioD, soil pesticide application, control of adult \VCRs). The concepl of S LAM@-based areawide pest managemellt of WCR is being develo1'ed in the USA (Challdler, 1998) and has been adapted ill Hungary as 1'alt of UN FAO TCP 6712 Project, that included the following in HlIngary: - seleclion of sllitable area and fi el ds; - adaptation of applicatioll techniques; - field scouting of WCR for decision making; - post treatment scollting and evalllation to determine outcomes. SLAM- based areawide maoagement of WCR resulted in efficacy rales of over 90% (5 days after ,realmelll) wilh a slow decrease afler 10 and 15 days ill 1998 and 1999. The concept of areawide l11anagemenl has proven to be an effective way to manage WCR alld should be considered a viable control strategy in ElIrope. Details on population levei, treatments will be discllssed in lhe leclure. S1'iders (Theridiidae and Agelenidae) as 1'redators of WCR adulls were proved in cornfields in Hungary (Tólh el aI. 2000). lndex tcrms: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, spread, biology, ·control, Europe. P. A. Viana', 'Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Caixa Postal 151, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-97U, BraziJ, E-mail [email protected]. Díabrotica spp. is a serious pest in the Américas. Two species, Diabrotica sprciosn and Diabrotica viríduía, occur in Brazil , where D. speciosa is predominant. Tbis pest is distributed in both South and Central America. The adults feed 011 lhe leaves of vegetable crops, beans, soybean, sunflower, banana, cotton and corno The larva damage lhe com root and potato tubers. The damage caused by the larva LU corn rOOlS interferes in lhe absorption of nutrients and water anel it reduccs the stability of the plants , causiug lodgiug under se vere wind and rainfall conditions. The eggs of this insect are yellowish-white anel they are deposited 011the soil around the base of plants. The larvae reach 10 m111in length, are white in color with brown heads a dark plate in the last abdominal segmeut. The adults beetles measure about 6 mm in length, are green color with six yellow stains with a black tíbia and a brown head. The life cycle ranges frorn 24 10 40 days. There is little information available about the management of this pest. The sampling merhod most commonly used for larva of D. speciosa is sifting the soil 011 a black plastic, where lhe larva can be ideotified. Other methods, such as the Berlese's funnel and flotation can also be used. Preliminary results iudicate that an average density of 3,5 to 5 larvae per piam causes damage to com root, corresponding to the value of 4,2 on lhe scale of Hi lls & Peters (1971), while a densit.y of about 30 larvac corresponds to a 5,7 011 the sarne scale. "111 Brazii , the control of the larva of D. speciosa in corn is alrnost exclusivel y with lhe use of chemical insecticides, but it is rarely employed. In no-tillage systems. the best results i n the controI of the larvae with insecticides have been obtnined with granular fonus tebupirimfos, phorate, chlorpyrifos or spraying with chlorpyrifos, both applied in furrow. In situations where control was not used at planring, the application of terbufos and tebupirimfos granules in the row and ch.lorpyri fos sprayed 011 lhe base of lhe plants aliei incorporated into the sai 1 with a cultivator have been lhe most efficient for larvae contraI. Although iu other countries there is reference to resistant cultivars of com to other species of Diabrotica, i n Brazil , research seeking genetic resist ance to this pest is incipient. ThL: cccurrence of the biological control has beeu reported through the use of natural encmics, Cclatoria bosqi, Centistes gnssení, and the fungus Benuvrria bassiana anel Mrtartnrium anisopliae. Preliminary results indicare that soil moisture is one factor to be considered in the managernent of D. speciosa. A greater occurrence of larva has beeu observed in experimental arcas in soils with higher moisture conteut. Soil preparation methods have also been shown to influence the population dyuarnics of this insect. A larger occurrence of larva has been Iound iu areas prepared with the rnoleboard plow than in no-tillage. Index terms: corn rootworm, soil insect, insecra, control, lia l1Ia)1s [0165] TRANSGENIC MAIZE FOR MANAGEMENT OF DL\BROTICINE I'ESTS ,1.E.Fostcr, Dept. of Entomology, Univ. of Nebraska, 312F P.l. Bldg., Lincoln, Nebraska, USA 68583-0816, Email jfoster l tê unl.edu . Several crops have been developed for resistance to major iusect pcsts. Maize has bCL:1l transformed for resistance to Diabrotica virgífrra virgífern, Lhe westcrn corn rootwonn, This Diabroticine pest is the major maize insect pest in North America. The use of transgenic deployed resistance genes offers a safe and environmentally strategy for management of this insect. The perfonnance of transgenic maize will be discussed and compared and contrasted to use of conventionaI mauagernent tools. Index terms: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, com rootworms, transgenes. 42 ABSTRACT BOOK I - XXI-Intemational COllgress of Elltomology, Brazil, August 20-26,2000
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Session 02 - AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Symposiwn and Poster Session
[0162] MANAGEMENT OF(COLEOPTERA:CHRYSOMELIDAE)
R001WORM [0164] MANAGEMENT OF DIABROTlCA SPECIOSA 11'1BRAZILMEXICAN CORN
W. C. Hoffmann' & J. R. Coppedge", 'USDA-ARS-Areawide Pest ManagementResearch Ullil, 2771 F&B Rd., College Station , TX 77845, USA, email:[email protected]; 2USDA-Soulhern Plains Area, 7607 Eastmnrk Drive, Suite 230.College Station, TX 77840, USA.
An adult management program for the Mexican com rootworm (Diabrouca virgiferaKrysan and Srnith) has been conducted in Texas, USA since 1995. The program hasfocused 00 estabiishing scouting and treatment protocols that can be used by producers,extension agents, and crop consultants to manage corn rootworm populations. Rootwormpopulations are monitored through traps and plant counts. By work.ing with a privarecompany, rraps were developed that made it easier to monitor rootworm abundance.Treatment thresholds were set at 100 cumulative beetles per lrap. If treatment thresholdsare exceeded, a semiochemical-based insecticide is used to contrai the adults. Thisinsecticide contaius a feeding stimulant that is specific to Diabrotica spp.; therefore, nonon-target or beneficia! organisms are impacted by lhe trealment. The managementprogram has been very successful in Texas. At one site in central Texas, the com that wastreated due to corn rootworm infestations was reduced from 810 ha (2000 acres) in 1995 toonly 39 ha (95 acres) in 1998. The use of soil insecticides in the area was also reduced toL,4to 1h of lhe conventional rale, which greatly reduces to arnount of chernicals used incom prcduction. Due to the success of the adult program at this site, additional sitesaround Texas were added in 1998 and 1999. The purpose of these additional sites was tointroduce lhe control program to others around the state and to refine the programprorocols to each site. By 1999, adult control programs iu Texas were being conducted at5 sites involving 24 producers and approximately 4000 ha (9900 acres).Index terrns: rootworrn, Diabrotica, areawide management, corno
[0163] MANAGEMENT OF WESTERN CORN ROO1WORM IN EUROPE
I. Kiss', J. Igrc-Barcic" & C_R_ Edwards", 'Dept. of Plant Proleclion, Szent Islván Univ.Gõdiill õ. H-2100 Gõdiill õ , Hungary, E-Mail [email protected]; 'Faculty of Agriculture,Univ. of Zagreb, Svetosirnunska cesta 25,10000 Zagreb, Croatia, E-mail [email protected];3Dep!. of Entomology, Purdue Univ, W. Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1158, USA, [email protected] .
The western com rootworm (WCR) was first detected (larval damage) in a cornfield nearBelgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1992 (Baca 1993). It is likely to have arrived in Yugoslavia inlhe early 10 mid 1980's (Edwards et al , 1998). By 1999 it had spread over about 150,000k.nl in Europe (Bulgaria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania andYugoslavia), WCR beetles were trapped in 1998 and 1999 in ltaly, near Veoice airport.\-VCR spread in Europe has continued in ali directions from the original infestation poi nr.The greatest movernent was observed on the plains, in valleys with some movement ighilly regions, The population build up in infested arcas depends OIl com growing practices(continuous or rotation, insecticide application) and on soil properties (rnoisture, type ofsoil). By late 1999, ao econornic populatioo of \VCR was well established in Yugoslavia,while larval damage below the economic threshold was observed in Bosnia-HerL.egovina,Croatia, 1-I11ugaryand Romania. Countries around the irúested area operated traps as partof lhe \VCR NET networking activity (supported by FAO), but they have nol detected any\VCR beetles. It is ex1'ected Ihat other countries in the region (AlIstria, Slovakia. Ukraine)will be infested and an economic WCR population wiI1 build up in Dosnia-I-1erzegovina,Croatia, Hungary and Romania in com.ing years. 1ts biology in the illfested regions isalmosl lhe same as lhal of middle Indiana, USA. n,e spread and population buildup of lhewestern corn rootworm (WCR) requires tha! multiple managemenl slrategies be developedfor lhe control of this corn pest (crop rotatioD, soil pesticide application, control of adult
\VCRs). The concepl of S LAM@-based areawide pest managemellt of WCR is beingdevelo1'ed in the USA (Challdler, 1998) and has been adapted ill Hungary as 1'alt of UNFAO TCP 6712 Project, that included the following in HlIngary: - seleclion of sllitablearea and fi el ds; - adaptation of applicatioll techniques; - field scouting of WCR fordecision making; - post treatment scollting and evalllation to determine outcomes. SLAM-based areawide maoagement of WCR resulted in efficacy rales of over 90% (5 days after,realmelll) wilh a slow decrease afler 10 and 15 days ill 1998 and 1999. The concept ofareawide l11anagemenl has proven to be an effective way to manage WCR alld should beconsidered a viable control strategy in ElIrope. Details on population levei, treatments willbe discllssed in lhe leclure. S1'iders (Theridiidae and Agelenidae) as 1'redators of WCRadulls were proved in cornfields in Hungary (Tólh el aI. 2000).lndex tcrms: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, spread, biology, ·control, Europe.
P. A. Viana', 'Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Caixa Postal 151, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-97U,BraziJ, E-mail [email protected].
Díabrotica spp. is a serious pest in the Américas. Two species, Diabrotica sprciosn andDiabrotica viríduía, occur in Brazil , where D. speciosa is predominant. Tbis pest isdistributed in both South and Central America. The adults feed 011 lhe leaves of vegetablecrops, beans, soybean, sunflower, banana, cotton and corno The larva damage lhe com rootand potato tubers. The damage caused by the larva LU corn rOOlS interferes in lheabsorption of nutrients and water anel it reduccs the stability of the plants , causiug lodgiugunder se vere wind and rainfall conditions. The eggs of this insect are yellowish-white anelthey are deposited 011the soil around the base of plants. The larvae reach 10 m111in length,are white in color with brown heads a dark plate in the last abdominal segmeut. The adultsbeetles measure about 6 mm in length, are green color with six yellow stains with a blacktíbia and a brown head. The life cycle ranges frorn 24 10 40 days. There is littleinformation available about the management of this pest. The sampling merhod mostcommonly used for larva of D. speciosa is sifting the soil 011 a black plastic, where lhelarva can be ideotified. Other methods, such as the Berlese's funnel and flotation can alsobe used. Preliminary results iudicate that an average density of 3,5 to 5 larvae per piamcauses damage to com root, corresponding to the value of 4,2 on lhe scale of Hi lls &Peters (1971), while a densit.y of about 30 larvac corresponds to a 5,7 011 the sarne scale. "111
Brazii , the control of the larva of D. speciosa in corn is alrnost exclusivel y with lhe use ofchemical insecticides, but it is rarely employed. In no-tillage systems. the best results inthe controI of the larvae with insecticides have been obtnined with granular fonustebupirimfos, phorate, chlorpyrifos or spraying with chlorpyrifos, both applied in furrow.In situations where control was not used at planring, the application of terbufos andtebupirimfos granules in the row and ch.lorpyri fos sprayed 011 lhe base of lhe plants alieiincorporated into the sai 1 with a cultivator have been lhe most efficient for larvae contraI.Although iu other countries there is reference to resistant cultivars of com to other speciesof Diabrotica, in Brazil , research seeking genetic resist ance to this pest is incipient. ThL:cccurrence of the biological control has beeu reported through the use of natural encmics,Cclatoria bosqi, Centistes gnssení, and the fungus Benuvrria bassiana anel Mrtartnriumanisopliae. Preliminary results indicare that soil moisture is one factor to be considered inthe managernent of D. speciosa. A greater occurrence of larva has beeu observed inexperimental arcas in soils with higher moisture conteut. Soil preparation methods havealso been shown to influence the population dyuarnics of this insect. A larger occurrenceof larva has been Iound iu areas prepared with the rnoleboard plow than in no-tillage.Index terms: corn rootworm, soil insect, insecra, control, lia l1Ia)1s
[0165] TRANSGENIC MAIZE FOR MANAGEMENT OF DL\BROTICINE I'ESTS
,1.E.Fostcr, Dept. of Entomology, Univ. of Nebraska, 312F P.l. Bldg., Lincoln, Nebraska,USA 68583-0816, Email jfoster l tê unl.edu .
Several crops have been developed for resistance to major iusect pcsts. Maize has bCL:1ltransformed for resistance to Diabrotica virgífrra virgífern, Lhe westcrn corn rootwonn,This Diabroticine pest is the major maize insect pest in North America. The use oftransgenic deployed resistance genes offers a safe and environmentally strategy formanagement of this insect. The perfonnance of transgenic maize will be discussed andcompared and contrasted to use of conventionaI mauagernent tools.Index terms: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, com rootworms, transgenes.
42 ABSTRACT BOOK I - XXI-Intemational COllgress of Elltomology, Brazil, August 20-26,2000
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