Service oriented architecture

Saturday 8 April 2023 Abhik Tushar Das / Anil Kumar Sahu 1

Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)

A study report

Prepared by: Abhik Tushar Das and Anil Kumar SahuManagement Information System (MIS)


What is SOA

SOA stands for Service-Oriented Architecture

It is a flexible set of design principles used for computing system

development & integration

It aids in integrating the existing legacy systems in an

organization to make communications possible

between themselves.

Can use the web as a medium of connectivity between the different service applications.

A SYSTEM BASED ON A SOA WILL PACKAGE FUNCTIONALITY AS A SUITE OF INTEROPERABLE SERVICES THAT CAN BE USED WITHIN MULTIPLE SEPARATE SYSTEMS

FROM SEVERAL BUSINESS DOMAINS


Why SOA?

Versatile

•No need for a common API (Application programming interface).

•Communication happens in heterogenous environments.

Legacy

based

•Use of existing legacy Enterprise Information System (EIS)

•No need to re-code entire data in the existing system (prerequisite for an ERP package).

Customis

e

•Possible to use existing EIS which is customised to the organisational need.

•Domain specific packages can be used in tandem with each other.


The Enterprise Application Integration.

EAI

Billing

Production

Warehouse

Dispatch

Several disparate departments within a company may develop and deploy SOA services in different implementation languages; their respective clients will benefit from a well understood, well defined interface to access them. XML is commonly used for interfacing with SOA services, though this is not required


EAI SoftwaresMiddleware

Tibco

SeeBeyond

BEA

Vitria

WebMethods


Application of EAI softwares

• Middleware is computer software that connects software components or some people and their

applications

• Tibco provider of infrastructure software for companies to use on-premise or as part of cloud

computing environments

• SeeBeyond specialized in integrating systems for Global 2000 organizations and providing

business integration software that enables the real-time flow of information in the enterprise and

among the customers, suppliers and partners

• BEA connects software applications to databases

• Vitria specializes in integration server software for enterprises.

• The WebMethods suite is software for process improvement, SOA enablement, IT modernization

and business and partner integration


IntegrationService

1

Service

2

SOA


SOA: the process


SOA Model


Tenets of SOA

Service Orientation does not necessarily require rewriting functionality from the ground up. It enables reuse of existing IT assets by wrapping

them into modular services that can be plugged into any business process that you design.

Connect into what is already

there - Layer business process

management, collaborative

workflows, and reporting on top

of existing IT assets.

Extract more value from what is already there - Enable existing applications to be re-used in

new ways.

Extend and evolve what we already have -

Create IT support for new cross-functional

business processes that extend beyond the boundaries

of what the existing

applications were designed

to do.


Advantage SOA

• SOA advocates usage of multi utility modules meant to work in tandem with many

others so that they can be plugged wherever necessary; the modules are meant to

work as services which work along with other services to serve a purpose

• Hence; managing, modifying, replacing the services become a much easier task.

• SOA defines how to integrate widely disparate applications for a Web-based

environment and uses multiple implementation platforms. Rather than defining an API

(application programming interface), SOA defines the interface in terms of protocols

and functionality. An endpoint is the entry point for such a SOA implementation


SOA infrastructure

SOAP •Simple Object Access Protocol•Set of rules for structuring messages that enables applications to pass data and instructions.

WSDL •Web Services Description Language•Common platform for describing the task performed by Web service and commands, data it will accept.

UDDI •Universal Description, Discovery and Integration•Enables a Web service to list in the directory of Web services to enable easy location.


The connecting medium

• Web 2.0 is a set of standards globally accepted to elevate web experience by usage of various web controls (textboxes, buttons, display methods, etc) to make websites more interactive, more intelligent and accessible though various modes like browsers, tablets, mobiles etc

• Web 2.0 use the following key terms: Support for Ajax, XML, multi media apps like Flash, Flex, JavaScript and support seamless experience while accessing data intensive sites like photo archives (picassa, flicker), documentation site (Google docs).


SOA @

3rd party (youtube,

picasa, adverts)

Facebook User


Integrating SOA @Facebook the popular social networking site where the user prefers integrating all his social needs like photo sharing, video sharing, games and many other utilities at one place.

Instead of developing a separate sharing service for each of their needs, facebook has many 3rd party applications like youtube, picasa, adverts running on its website.

The user has to login to his facebook account and share pictures on picasa flatform through the facebook website. Similarly videos can be shared using youtube application on facebook; a product of SOA.


Advantages of SOA.


Vendors offering SOA platformsIBM (International Business Machines: WinterGreen Research has named the company as the world’s number one vendor based on its leading market share (75%) for (SOA))

Microsoft (Netweaver)

Oracle (SOA Suite)

SAP (Enterprise SOA)

Cisco

Sun-Microsystems

http://www.wintergreenresearch.com/

http://www.wintergreenresearch.com/


The pro’s & con’s

Con’s Pro’s


SOA adoption strategies - AMR Research

16%

18%

17%

22%

14%

13%

Reasons to adopt SOA

To build IT skills in an important new techno-logy area

SOA is the best techno-logy to meet require-ments of an individual project

To reduce IT costs through reuse

SOA to change systems faster, more cheaply, and with less risk

SOA to modernize their system architecture

Miscellaneous

http://www.gartner.com/technology/supply-chain/amr-research.jsp


SOA facts

Myths• SOA is a technology• SOA require Web Services• SOA is new and revolutionary• SOA ensures the alignment of IT and

business• A SOA Reference Architecture

reduces implementation risk• SOA requires a complete technology

and business processes overhaul• We need to build a SOA

Facts• SOA is a design philosophy independent

of any vendor, product, technology or industry trend. Purchasing your SOA infrastructure from a single vendor defeats the purpose of investing in SOA.

• SOA may be realized via Web services but Web services are not necessarily required to implement SOA

• EDI, CORBA and DCOM were conceptual examples of SO

• SOA is not a methodology• SOA should be incremental and built

upon your current investments• SOA is a means, not an end

Saturday 8 April 2023 21

Evolution of Web 2.0 from Web 1.0

Abhik Tushar Das / Anil Kumar Sahu


www & Web 2.0 History

• The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April 1993.

• CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone. • Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as file transfer protocol

and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server. • These protocols offer a simple directory structure which the user navigates and chooses

files to download.• Documents were most often presented as plain text files without formatting, or were

encoded in word processor formats. • The term Web 2.0 closely associated with Tim O'Reilly due to O'Reilly Media Web 2.0

conference in late 2004.• Web 2.0 suggests a new version of the WorldWideWeb.• Web 2.0 refers to cumulative changes in the ways software developers and end-users

use the Web.• Notion of Web 2.0 is qualitatively different from prior web technologies has been

challenged by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee.


Web 2.0• Web 2.0 is a set of standards globally accepted to

elevate web experience by usage of various web controls (textboxes, buttons, display methods, etc) to make websites more interactive, more intelligent and accessible though various modes like browsers, tablets, mobiles etc

• Web 2.0 use the following key terms: Support for Ajax, XML, multi media apps like Flash, Flex, JavaScript and support seamless experience while accessing data intensive sites like photo archives (picassa, flicker), documentation site (Google docs).


Web 2.0 Geo Mapping applications

• Web 2.0 has evolved the new way of knowing our world geographically in a better way through various mapping service providers.

• Net surfers can view satellite images, street level images,Navigation images• Few service providers even provide 3-D mapping.• Most service providers provide free of cost service• Examples: Yahoo! Maps GoogleMaps GoogleEarth


Tag cloud of Web 2.0 implicating the types of access and web interaction &application modules


Web 2.0 Basic Architecture


Website domains

• A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet.

• Overall, IANA currently distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:• infrastructure top-level domain (arpa)• country-code top-level domains (ccTLD)• internationalized top-level domains (IDNs)

– internationalized country code top-level domains– testing top-level domains

• Domain classification examples: .com ---commercial .edu ---educational website .gov ---government website .mil --- US military website . org --- organizational website


Internet access Overview

• The estimated population of Internet users is 1.97 billion as of 30 June 2010.• From 2009 onward, the Internet is expected to grow significantly in Brazil, Russia,

India, China, and Indonesia (BRICI countries). These countries have large populations and moderate to high economic growth, but still low Internet penetration rates.

• In 2009, the BRICI countries represented about 45 percent of the world's population and had approximately 610 million Internet users, but by 2015, Internet users in BRICI countries will double to 1.2 billion, and will triple in Indonesia.

• After English (27%), the most requested languages on the World Wide Web are Chinese (23%), Spanish (8%), Japanese (5%), Portuguese and German (4% each), Arabic, French and Russian (3% each), and Korean (2%).

• By region, 42% of the world's Internet users are based in Asia, 24% in Europe, 14% in North America, 10% in Latin America and the Caribbean taken together, 6% in Africa, 3% in the Middle East and 1% in Australia/Oceania


Web Browser

• The continuous development in the operative enhancement of web browsers played a major role in development of Web 2.0

• Most used Web Browsers:


Web 2.0 evolution

• Associated with web applications.• facilitation of participatory information sharing, interoperability, user-

centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web. • A Web 2.0 site allows users to: interact and collaborate with each other in a

social media dialogue as creators (prosumers) of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to websites where users (consumers) are limited to the passive viewing of content that was created for them.

• Examples of Web 2.0 Applications :• social networking sites• blogs• Wikis• video sharing sites• hosted services• web applications• Mashups• folksonomies.


Social networking sites• Social software applications such as social bookmarking and photograph

annotation. • Tagging, which is one of the defining characteristics of Web 2.0 services, allows

users to collectively classify and find information.• Some websites include tag clouds as a way to visualize tags in a folksonomy. • Early social networking on the World Wide Web began in the form of generalized

online communities such as Theglobe.com (1994), Geocities (1995) and Tripod.com (1995).

• Popular methods now combine many of these, with Facebook and Twitter widely used worldwide/

• MySpace and LinkedIn being the most widely used in North America.• Nexopia (mostly in Canada); Bebo, VKontakte, Hi5, Hyves (mostly in The

Netherlands).• StudiVZ (mostly in Germany).• iWiW (mostly in Hungary)• Tuenti (mostly in Spain)

Saturday 8 April 2023 33

Blog• A blog (a blend of the term web log) is a type of website or part of a

website. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

• Most blogs are interactive, allowing visitors to leave comments and even message each other via widgets on the blogs and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites.

• Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries.

• A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, Web pages, and other media related to its topic.

• The ability of readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs.

Abhik Tushar Das / Anil Kumar Sahu


Blog(continued)

• Nasza-Klasa (mostly in Poland)• Decayenne,Tagged,XING,Badoo and Skyrock in parts of Europe• Orkut and Hi5 in South America and Central America• Friendster, Mixi, Multiply, Orkut, Wretch, renren and Cyworld in Asia and

the Pacific Islands.• Twitter, Facebook, Orkut , LinkedIn and MyFrenz.net in India• Examples: Twitter,Blogger.• Social impact of blogging in society on internet: Very recently “Jasmine Revolution”, the political revolution in Arab states Public expression and awareness on issues like “Global Warming”,world

hunger.• Cultural, economic, ethical, educational aspects redefined and modified.


Blog content types

• Most blogs are primarily textual • some focus on art (art blog) photographs (photoblog)• videos (video blogging)• music (MP3 blog)• audio (podcasting)• Microblogging is another type of blogging featuring very short posts.• Examples: Blogger by Google WordPress Movable Type LiveJournal


Wikis

• A Wiki is a website that allows the creation and editing of any number of interlinked web pages via a web browser using a simplified markup language or a WYSIWYG text editor.

• Wikis are typically powered by wiki software and are often used to create collaborative works.

• Examples include community websites, corporate intranets, knowledge management systems, and note services. The software can also be used for personal note taking.

• Examples:


Video hosting service

• A video hosting service allows individuals to upload video clips to an Internet website. The video host will then store the video on its server, and show the individual different types of code to allow others to view this video. The website, mainly used as the video hosting website, is usually called the video sharing website.

• many users do not have unlimited web space, either as a paid service, or through an ISP offering, video hosting services are becoming increasingly popular, especially with the explosion in popularity of blogs, forums, and other interactive pages.

• The mass market for camera phones has increased the supply of user-generated video. Traditional methods of personal video distribution, such as making a DVD to show to friends at home, are unsuited to the low resolution and high volume of camera phone clips. In contrast, current broadband Internet connections are well suited to serving the quality of video shot on mobile phones. Most people do not own web servers, and this has created demand for user-generated video content hosting.

• Examples:


SaaS applications enabling Web 2.0 Development

• SaaS : Software as a service • sometimes referred to as "software on demand“• It is software that is deployed over the internet and/or is deployed to run behind a

firewall on a local area network or personal computer.• With SaaS, a provider licenses an application to customers either as a service on

demand, through a subscription, in a "pay-as-you-go" model.• At current trends SaaS providers at no charge when there is opportunity to

generate revenue from streams other than the user, such as from advertisement or user list sales

• This approach to application delivery is part of the utility computing model where all of the technology is in the "cloud" accessed over the Internet as a service.

• Examples: Brothersoft , Cnet, softpedia etc.


Web 2.0 Datafiles download & upload applications

• File Sharing (upload &download) service provider websites on free of paid subscription model enable data mining to internet surfers.

• Examples:

• Bittorrent protocol:

• BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data. BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, and it has been estimated that it accounted for roughly 27% to 55% of all Internet traffic (depending on geographical location) as of February 2009 P2P file hosting, transfer & simultaneous upload & download(seed & peer sharing).





Evolution of W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0



“Flickr” a Web 2.0 enabled website allowing user to upload and download pictures and photographs and videos






Redefining the functionality of Web 2.0 as per terminology





Timeline of the IT enabled web technologies


Mashups re-devolopment model



Applicative determinants of Web technologies


Sales revenue generated by various Web 2.0 platforms



Time span description of various web tcnology devolopments

Service oriented architecture

Education

standards

multi media

elevate web

support seamless

application

world wide

service oriented

brici countries