1 SERICULTURE AT RSRS ,SASHASPUR INTRODUCTION: Silk,thequeen of textiles is a natural fibre which is secreted by scereted by certain insect larvae known as silkworm. These silkworm are divided into two groups, i.e. mulberry silkworms and non mulberry silkworms.Mulberry silkworm belongs to the family 'bombycidae' and non mulberry silkworms Eri silkworms, Muga silkworms, Tasar silkworms, Oak Tasar silkworms belongs to the family 'Saturnidae' under the order Lepidoptera.Mulberry silkworm has been domesticated while nonmulberry silkworm fibrous covering known as cocoon.Silk is a lepidopteran in silkworm larvae.Silk is made up of fibrin (C30H46N10O16) fiber and sericin (C12H40N10O16) a gummy material which coat the filament. The cocoon is reled out into fine silk thread often processing up to a lengthof about 350 to 2000 meters. Sericulture referred as silkworm rearing and harvesting of cocoons for production of silk. Sericulture is devided from the word "Su (Si)" mening silk. Silk is traditionally associated the socio economic life of any countries and it has been used for making exquisite textiles and royal dresses since immemorial. For the first time, it was introduced in China by the Chinees empress, Si Ling Si around 2640 B.C. The Shang Tung province in China is known to be the original home of silk. By the 12 th century B.C., this fabulous silk spread to the other part of the world. Initially silk used to come into India from China. SERICULTURE STATUS IN INDIA: World wide approx. 58 countries are engaged in silk production.India produce all f ive kinds of silk i.e. mulberry, Eri, muga, tasar & oak tasar and ranked 2 nd after china in silk production.Present silk production of india is approx. 16319 MT (16% of world) per annum while home need is 27700 MT. of the total silk production of india tropical trasar shared 315 MT per annum.Indian silk industry is paying an inportant role in technology transfer, socio-economy & employment generation, however it is the need of enhancing silk production & to complete the global market. Silk industry is an agro based industry which most probably depend on the quality breed, seed & feed. The breed refer to high hetrotic vigour, seed to eggs and feed to the leaf, but the quality is acommon factor. The availability of quality leaf of mulberry depend on the soil f ertility where the mulberry plant grown. Sericulture is an on-farm and non-farm agro-based cottage industry. it play a major role in improving socio-economic status of tribal,weaker section, landless erning group. Indiaenjoy all five kinds of silk, i.e. mulberry, muga, eri, tasar & oak-tasar and ranked second
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Silk, thequeen of textiles is a natural fibre which is secreted by scereted by certain
insect larvae known as silkworm. These silkworm are divided into two groups, i.e. mulberry
silkworms and non mulberry silkworms.Mulberry silkworm belongs to the family
'bombycidae' and non mulberry silkworms Eri silkworms, Muga silkworms, Tasar silkworms,
Oak Tasar silkworms belongs to the family 'Saturnidae' under the order
Lepidoptera.Mulberry silkworm has been domesticated while nonmulberry silkworm fibrous
covering known as cocoon.Silk is a lepidopteran in silkworm larvae.Silk is made up of fibrin(C30H46N10O16) fiber and sericin (C12H40N10O16) a gummy material which coat the
filament. The cocoon is reled out into fine silk thread often processing up to a lengthof
about 350 to 2000 meters.
Sericulture referred as silkworm rearing and harvesting of cocoons for production of silk.
Sericulture is devided from the word "Su (Si)" mening silk. Silk is traditionally associated the
socio economic life of any countries and it has been used for making exquisite textiles and
royal dresses since immemorial. For the first time, it was introduced in China by the Chinees
empress, Si Ling Si around 2640 B.C. The Shang Tung province in China is known to be the
original home of silk. By the 12th
century B.C., this fabulous silk spread to the other part of
the world. Initially silk used to come into India from China.
SERICULTURE STATUS IN INDIA:
World wide approx. 58 countries are engaged in silk production.India produce all five kinds of silk i.e.
mulberry, Eri, muga, tasar & oak tasar and ranked 2nd
after china in silk production.Present silk
production of india is approx. 16319 MT (16% of world) per annum while home need is
27700 MT. of the total silk production of india tropical trasar shared 315 MT per
annum.Indian silk industry is paying an inportant role in technology transfer, socio-economy
& employment generation, however it is the need of enhancing silk production & to
complete the global market. Silk industry is an agro based industry which most probably
depend on the quality breed, seed & feed. The breed refer to high hetrotic vigour, seed to
eggs and feed to the leaf, but the quality is acommon factor. The availability of quality leaf
of mulberry depend on the soil fertility where the mulberry plant grown.
Sericulture is an on-farm and non-farm agro-based cottage industry. it play a major
role in improving socio-economic status of tribal,weaker section, landless erning group.
Indiaenjoy all five kinds of silk, i.e. mulberry, muga, eri, tasar & oak-tasar and ranked second
articles. The sun light is more effective in killing the bacteria due to the
combination of ultra violet rays and heat during bright day light.
PHYSIO – CHEMICAL METHOD:
A physio – chemical method adopt both physical as well aschemical. Fumigation of a rearing room by streaming formaldehyde is an
example of physio- chemical method of disinfection.
CHEMICAL METHODS:
Disinfection done with the help of chemical, to eradicate the
germs by using chemicals from the environment, is referred as chemical
method and the chemical used for the purpose is known as chemical
disinfectants.
Chemical disinfectants are products that kill germs (harmful
bacteria, viruses and fungi). All disinfectants kill bacteria called bactericidal.
Some also kill fungi (fungicidal), bacterial spores (sporicidal) and/or viruses
(virucidal). An ideal chemical disinfectant should have following properties:
Wide spectrum of activity
Active at any pH
Stable
Long self life
High penetrating power
Non-toxic, non-allergic, non-irritative and non-corrosive.
Not have bad odour
Not leave stain and after all
Not be expensive & easily available.
The efficacy of disinfection depends on contact time, prevailingtemperature, concentration and type of ingredient, quantum of microbial load
and presence of organic matter. The chemical disinfectants at working
concentration rapidly lose their strength on standing hence it should be
utilized immediately after preparation of the solution.
Disinfectants
1. Formaline: It is commonly used disinfectant in sericulture.
It is commercially available as 36% formaldehyde solution. It is more effectiveat the temperature of 25 C and 70% humidity and further efficacy increases as
Solution B: 75 x 5 =375 g slaked lime Mix and add 75-1.875=73.125 lit water
3. Preparation of 2% Formalin solution: One part of 36% formaldehyde
solution = 17 parts of water is 2% formaline solution. Add 05 g detergent per lit
of Formalin. To prepare 75 lit of 2% Formalin, 75/17=4.17 lit. Take 4.17 litFormaldehyde solution and add 75-4.17=70.59 lit of water. Add 75 x 0.5 = 3.75
g of detergent.
Disinfection: The North Indian states are bivoltine zone and bivotine
silkworms are more susceptible to diseases compared to multivoltine
and cross breed silkworms. Further, pure breeds are more susceptible to
diseases than hybrid. To avoid the loss due to diseases in silkworm
rearing prevention is best method. Effective disinfection of rearing
house, its surrounding, rearing appliances and maintenance of hygienic
measures are most crucial in the silkworm rearing.
Any of the disinfect viz, 2 % bleaching powder in 0.3 % slaked lime, 2.5
% Chlorine dioxide in 0.5 % slaked lime or 2 % formalin + 0.05 % detergent
solution may be used for disinfection.
Disinfection of rearing house, appliances, etc., inside the rearing house:
Spray disinfectant using powerful jet sprayer, the required quantity of
disinfectant, uniformly to drench all parts of rearing house inside
appliances and outside. Keep the rearing house closed for a minimum
period of 6 to 10 hours. After 18-24 hours, shift the rearing appliances out
of rearing house and sundry for 10 – 12 hours. Disinfect bamboo
mountages with 2% formalin solution. Use 1-2% bleaching powder
solution for disinfection of plastic collapsible mountages.
Silkworm rearing using the mulberry shoot does not require the rearing
trays but uses the platform. Rearing trays are the main source of infectious
agent and most difficult and expensive to achieve disinfection. To avoid this,
changing over to rearing silkworm on shoot is advantageous. This method does
not require additional disinfectant for appliances as only the rack and nylonnets are used.
Fumigation:
Disinfection in the gaseous form is known as fumigation and is
effective only in air tight rearing rooms. The rearing room and equipments
can be disinfected at a time by this method.
Formalin can be used for fumigation. The quantum of formalin can
be calculated as per the size of the room and diluted 4-5 times. It may be kept
in a pan, put on a charcoal stove/ sigri in the rearing room and ready for
Regional sericulture research Station(RSRS), Sahaspur is a research station which works for teimprovement of the sericulture in India. Its nodal centre is at Mysoore. Area under mulberry
plantation is about 9.824 acres along with other buildings such as rearing house, administrative,
seed house etc. include 3.664 acres. the total area of the station is about 15.62 acres. It runs many
research programs as well as many training programmes are also conducted here. some of the
projects running over here are as follows-
1. Silkworm breeds to evolve viable and productive silkworm genotypes/hybrid for sustainable
bivoltine sericulture
2. Evaluation of elite bivoltine silkworm germplasm under different agroclimatic conditions
3. All India silkworm germplasm evaluation programme