-
Sequenzstratigraphie – Grundlagen
Graphic Correlation:Mann, K. O. and Lane, H. R. (1995): Graphic
Correlation.- SEPM Special Publication No. 53, 263 pp.
Literaturempfehlung für Sequenzstratigraphiesehr gute, einfache
Übersichten: Peter W. Homewood, Pierre Mauriaud & Francois
Lafont (2000) : Best practices in sequence Stratigraphy. For
explorationists and reservoir engineers. – Elf EP Editions, Memoire
25, 81 pp. (im Netz unter Goggle als Kopie verfügbar)
Posamentier, Henry W. & George P. Allen (1999):
Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy - Concepts and
Applications.-Society of Economic Petrologists and Paleontologists,
Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, No 7, 210 pp.
Catuneanu, Octavian; Abreu, V.; Bhattacharya, J. P.; Blum, M.
D.; Dalrymple, R. W.; Eriksson, P. G.; Fielding, Christopher R.;
Fisher, W. L.; Galloway, W. E.; Gibling, M. R.; Giles, K. A.;
Holbrook, J. M.; Jordan, R.; Kendall, C. G. St.C.; Macurda,
B.;Martinsen, O. J.; Miall, A. D.; Neal, J. E.; Nummedal, D.;
Pomar, L.; Posamentier, H. W.; Pratt, B. R.; Sarg, J. F.; Shanley,
K. W.;Steel, R. J.; Strasser, A.;Tucker, M. E.; and Winker, C.
(2009): "Towards the Standardization of Sequence
Stratigraphy“,Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Paper
238, pp. 1–33; doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.10.003
ausführlichere Standardwerke:Miall, A. D. (1997): The geology of
stratigraphic sequences.- Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 433
pp.Miall, A. D. (2000): Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.-
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 616 pp.Catuneanu, O. (2006):
Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy.- Elsevier, 375 pp.Wilgus, C.
K., Hastings, B. S., Kendall, C. G. S. C., Posamentier, H. W.,
Ross, C. A. and Van Wagoner, J. C. (1988): Sea-level changes: an
intergrated approch. SEPM, Special Publication No. 42, 407 pp.
Im web verfügbare Sequence Stratigraphy Lectures: (mehr oder
weniger gut – aber tolle
Bilder)http://sepmstrata.org/Power-Point-Lectures/Seq-Strat-Lectures.html
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Typen von Diskordanzen – englischer SprachgebrauchAn
unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface
separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating
that sediment deposition was not continuous.
An angular unconformity is an unconformity where horizontally
parallel strata of sedimentary rock are deposited on tilted and
eroded layers, producing an angular discordance with the overlying
horizontal layers. The whole sequence may later be deformed and
tilted by further orogenic activity.
A disconformity is an unconformity between parallel layers of
sedimentary rocks which represents a period of erosion or
non-deposition.[3] Disconformities are marked by features of
subaerial erosion. This type of erosion can leave channels and
paleosols in the rock record.
A nonconformity exists between sedimentary rocks and metamorphic
or igneous rocks when the sedimentary rock lies above and was
deposited on the pre-existing and eroded metamorphic or igneous
rock. Namely, if the rock below the break is igneous or has lost
its bedding by metamorphism, the plane of juncture is a
nonconformity.[6]
A paraconformity is a type of unconformity in which strata are
parallel; there is little apparent erosion and the unconformity
surface resembles a simple bedding plane. It is also called
nondepositional unconformity or pseudoconformity.
Angular unconformity
Disconformity
Nonconformity
Paraconformity
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Angular unconformity – Winkeldiskordanz und Strukturdiskordanz
zwischen variskisch gefaltetem Unterkarbon (Kulm –
Tubidit-Sequenzen) und transgressiv auflagerndem späten Perm
(Zechstein-Karbonate mit Productiden); Kirchberg in Schwaara bei
Gera
variscisches Grundgebirgebasement
post-variscisches Tafeldeckgebirgeplatform
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Arizona – Grand Canyon – the “Great Unconformity” = angular
unconformity
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Arizona – Grand Canyon the “Great Unconformity” zwischen
Praekambrium und Kambrium
angular unconformity
disconformity
-
„Great unconformity“ Grand Canyon
-
Permian ProfileHermit Shale – WHITE 1927, Typ-Lokalität von
Scoyenia, Supaia, Hyloidichnus…
Hermit Shale
Supaia-Group
Coconino Dünensandstein
Kaibab Kalkstein
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Hermit Shale – WHITE 1927, Typ-Lokalität von Scoyenia, Supaia,
Hyloidichnus…- Füllung von Paläo-Tälern ? eine Diskonformität
-
Arizona – Grand Canyon, mariner Kaibab Kalkstein und Coconino
Dünensandstein, Perm
-
Arizona – Grand Canyon, Auflagerung Coconino sandstone auf
Hermit shale- paraconform?
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Angular unconfomity –Triassic T3 on Permian T2, Argana basin
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Tal der Heiligen Reiser, Hettstedt bei Eisleben, Saale-Senke,
Typ-Lokalität „Saalische Phase“Eisleben-Fm., spätes Perm,
Winkeldiskordanz und Strukturdiskordanz
Eisleben-Fm., Late Permian
Mansfeld-Subgroup, Late Pennsylvanian
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Disconformity - Werderbruch bei Rothenburg/Saale, erosive
Auflagerung der Siebigerode-Fm. auf Rothenburg-Fm.
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Disconformity – erosive Auflagerung des
marinenZechstein-Transgressionskonglomerates auf Oberrotliegend
kontinentalen Klastiten; Merzenberg (Schiefergasse) bei Gera
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Schneider 1986, unpubl.Rotliegend
Grauliegend
Z-Konglomerat
Transgressiv System Tract
klassischer Aufschluß Gera-Milbitz, Schiefergasseam
Merzenberg
Z1-Karbonat Productus-Bank
Kupferschiefer
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Eisleben-Fm., Z-Konglomerat, Kupferschiefer, Werra-Karbonat
Transgressiv system tract – Bahneinschnitt Blankenheim bei
Mansfeld
Eisleben-Fm.
Z-Basissedimente
Kupferschiefer
Eisleben-Fm.
Z-Basissedimente
Kupferschiefer
maximum flooding surface = Kupferschiefer
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Carizzo Arroyo, New Mexico – sequence boundary – Bursum / Abo
Formation
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Auflagerung Abo Fm. (alluviale red beds) auf Bursum Fm. (near
shore shallow marine)
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Bursum / Abo Fm. – Hiatus oder nicht?
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Base level - Definition
Base level is the surface to which sediment accumulation fills
up to or erodes down to and is related to continental erosion. It
is a dynamic surface controlled by erosion, sediment deposition,
tectonic movement and eustasy.
Commonly base level is equated to relative sea level position,
but it can be related to the water surface of lakes and/or local
equilibrium surfaces associated with river systems. Unless
indicated otherwise base level will be equated to relative sea
level position, and so the base level of depositional settings is
thus controlled by a combination of eustasy and tectonic
movement.
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Accommodation is defined by Jervey (1998) as "the space
available for potential sediment accumulation". This space is the
combined product of movement of: the sea surface (eustasy: global
sea level measured from a datum such as the center of earth) the
sea floor (tectonics) changes in rates of sediment
accumulation.
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incised valley – kontinental: Souss basin, Marocco
Permian palaeo-valley in Stephanian sediments, Oued Issène
canyon near Taghzout
Ait Driss Mb., Ikakern Fm.M.-L. Permian
Sequenzstratigraphie – GrundlagenTypen von Diskordanzen –
englischer SprachgebrauchAngular unconformity – Winkeldiskordanz
und Strukturdiskordanz zwischen variskisch gefaltetem Unterkarbon
(Kulm – Tubidit-Sequenzen) und transgressiv auflagerndem späten
Perm (Zechstein-Karbonate mit Productiden); Kirchberg in Schwaara
bei GeraArizona – Grand Canyon – the “Great Unconformity” = angular
unconformityArizona – Grand Canyon the “Great Unconformity”
zwischen Praekambrium und Kambrium „Great unconformity“ Grand
CanyonPermian Profile�Hermit Shale – WHITE 1927, Typ-Lokalität von
Scoyenia, Supaia, Hyloidichnus… Hermit Shale – WHITE 1927,
Typ-Lokalität von Scoyenia, Supaia, Hyloidichnus…� - Füllung von
Paläo-Tälern ? eine Diskonformität Arizona – Grand Canyon, mariner
Kaibab Kalkstein und Coconino Dünensandstein, Perm Arizona – Grand
Canyon, Auflagerung Coconino sandstone auf Hermit shale-
paraconform?Angular unconfomity –Triassic T3 on Permian T2, Argana
basinTal der Heiligen Reiser, Hettstedt bei Eisleben, Saale-Senke,
Typ-Lokalität „Saalische Phase“�Eisleben-Fm., spätes Perm,
Winkeldiskordanz und Strukturdiskordanz Foliennummer
13Disconformity - Werderbruch bei Rothenburg/Saale, erosive
Auflagerung der Siebigerode-Fm. auf Rothenburg-Fm.Disconformity –
erosive Auflagerung des
marinenZechstein-Transgressionskonglomerates auf Oberrotliegend
kontinentalen Klastiten; Merzenberg (Schiefergasse) bei
GeraFoliennummer 16Eisleben-Fm., Z-Konglomerat, Kupferschiefer,
Werra-Karbonat� �Transgressiv system tract – Bahneinschnitt
Blankenheim bei MansfeldCarizzo Arroyo, New Mexico – sequence
boundary – Bursum / Abo FormationAuflagerung Abo Fm. (alluviale red
beds) auf Bursum Fm. (near shore shallow marine)Bursum / Abo Fm. –
Hiatus oder nicht?Base level - DefinitionFoliennummer 22 incised
valley – kontinental: Souss basin, Marocco