EQ Building Performance Inc. | 20 Floral Parkway, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4R1 | 416-645-1186 | www.eqbuilding.com September 3, 2020 City of Toronto Energy Efficiency Office Re: Energy Modeling Services – 185 Balliol To whom it may concern, This letter is to confirm that EQ Building Performance has been retained to perform Toronto Green Standard energy modelling services for the 185 Balliol project. At this stage of the project, the design is still progressing and decisions that influence energy performance have not yet been finalized. In order to incorporate any initial SPA comments from the city and to fully explore energy efficiency measures in the energy model, the design team has elected to submit the energy model during the second SPA-submission. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions or concerns. Sincerely, Adam Barker Energy Specialist, Energy Team 416-645-1186 x 2155 [email protected]EQ Building Performance Inc.
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EQ Building Performance Inc. | 20 Floral Parkway, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4R1 | 416-645-1186 | www.eqbuilding.com
September 3, 2020 City of Toronto Energy Efficiency Office Re: Energy Modeling Services – 185 Balliol
To whom it may concern, This letter is to confirm that EQ Building Performance has been retained to perform Toronto Green Standard energy modelling services for the 185 Balliol project. At this stage of the project, the design is still progressing and decisions that influence energy performance have not yet been finalized. In order to incorporate any initial SPA comments from the city and to fully explore energy efficiency measures in the energy model, the design team has elected to submit the energy model during the second SPA-submission. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions or concerns. Sincerely, Adam Barker Energy Specialist, Energy Team 416-645-1186 x 2155 [email protected] EQ Building Performance Inc.
EQ Building Performance Inc. | 20 Floral Parkway, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4R1 | 416-645-1186 | www.eqbuilding.com
Energy Strategy Report
185 Balliol
Balliol/Pailton LP
Toronto, ON
September 10, 2020
Revision: 0
Issued for: Re-Zoning
Energy Strategy Report – 185 Balliol
EQ Building Performance Inc. Page i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
185 Balliol on behalf of Balliol/Pailton LP has retained EQ Building Performance (EQ) to develop an Energy
Strategy Report for the 185 Balliol project (the “Proposed Development”). The Proposed Development consists
of approximately 449 residential units in a 35-storey tower, associated amenity spaces, and underground
parking.
The Proposed Development is subject to the energy requirements of the Ontario Building Code Supplementary
Standard SB-10 as well as the newly implemented Toronto Green Standard version 3. EQ has predicted the
energy use, thermal demand, and expected carbon impact of the project in compliance with these
requirements, outlined in Table i below. The development team is committed to creating a high performing
community in line with TGS version 3 Tier 1 performance requirements.
Toronto Green Standard version 2 formerly required performance levels over the building code, while version
3 uses an absolute target approach for the most predominant building archetypes – high-rise residential, low-
rise residential, retail, and office. As this project falls within these archetypes, the City of Toronto Zero Emissions
Building Framework has been used for energy analysis.
Energy, thermal demand, and carbon emissions are predicted for TGS v3 Tier 1 and TGS v3 Tier 2 levels of
performance. In addition, a ‘Near Zero Emissions’ scenario is presented, predicting how the development would
need to perform to achieve near net zero levels of performance, in line with TGS v3 Tier 4.
Table i - Predicted Energy, Carbon, and Thermal Demand Performance Summary
TGS V3 Tier
1 TGS V3 Tier
2 Near Zero Emissions
Total Energy Use Intensity (ekWh/m2) – EUI 170.0 134.9 75.0
% Savings vs Tier 1 - 21% 56%
GHG intensity (kg CO2e/m2) – GHGI 20.0 15.0 5.0
% Savings vs Tier 1 - 25% 75%
Thermal Energy Demand Intensity (ekWh/m2) – TEDI 70.0 50.0 15.0
% Savings vs Tier 1 - 29% 79%
If the project were to pursue Tier 2 or higher performance, it would be eligible for up to $1,249,061 as a
development charge refund.
This report outlines design strategies to achieve each of the presented targets. Advanced measures such as
district energy systems and solar PV are recommended for further exploration, however further detailed
analysis is outside the scope of this report as it is not expected to be completed at this stage of development.
If advanced measures are pursued, they can be explored using the energy model developed for Site Plan
Approval. Design options are also presented to provide enhanced resilience for the Proposed Development and
should be evaluated further on a feasibility and cost basis.
The strategies outlined in this report will be evaluated by the design team throughout design development.
Using a combination of strategies from the energy strategy report, the Proposed Development will achieve
Toronto Green Standard v3 Tier 1 performance levels.
Energy Strategy Report – 185 Balliol
EQ Building Performance Inc. Page ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... i
3.2 Active Design Measures .......................................................................................................................5
4 Energy Analysis .............................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Toronto Green Standard - Near Zero Emissions Development ............................................................6
4.2 Energy Targets ......................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Predicted Energy Use ...........................................................................................................................8
5 Near Zero Emissions Development ........................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Energy Conservation & Demand Reduction ...................................................................................... 11
6 Advanced Energy Solutions ....................................................................................................................... 12
6.1 District Energy Systems ..................................................................................................................... 12
6.1.1 Types of District Energy Systems ............................................................................................... 12
6.1.2 District Energy Potential ............................................................................................................ 13
6.2 Renewable Strategies: Solar PV ......................................................................................................... 15
6.3 Additional Advanced Energy Solutions .............................................................................................. 16
7 Energy Resilience ....................................................................................................................................... 16
8 Embodied Energy ...................................................................................................................................... 19
9 Other Toronto Green Standard V3 Energy, Efficiency, GHG & Resilience Credits ..................................... 19
- Fan coil or water-source heat pump system (Typical)
- High-efficiency LED lighting, daylight and occupancy controls – recommend 30% reduction from code in common areas (Typical design aligns with code requirements)
- 20% reduction in domestic hot water energy use – Recommend low-flow plumbing fixtures for hot water fixtures 5.7 LPM lavatories, 5.7 LPM sinks, 6.8 LPM showers (Code maximum flow rates 8.3 LPM lavatories, 5.7 LPM sinks, 7.6 LPM showers)
Upgraded Design Suggestions (Tier 2)
Estimated 13% M+E cost premium over code (3.5% total construction cost premium for Tier 2)
- 30% reduction in domestic hot water energy use – Recommend lower-flow plumbing fixtures for hot water fixtures –1.9 LPM lavatories, 3.8 LPM sinks, 6.8 LPM showers, or sewage heat recovery, or a central heat pump domestic hot water heater
- Fan coil or water-source heat pump systems likely acceptable, consider higher performance systems such as water-source VRF
Energy Strategy Report – 185 Balliol
EQ Building Performance Inc. Page 6
Advanced Design Suggestions (Tier 4 – Near Zero Emissions)
Estimated 4.5% M+E cost premium over code (3.6% total construction cost premium for Tier 4)
Design improvements from Tier 1 and Tier 2 plus:
- Corridor ventilation rate per ASHRAE 62.1 – requires compartmentalization to remove pressurization requirements
- Demand Control Ventilation in non-residential areas
- Air-side heat recovery – suggest 85% efficiency
- 50% reduction in domestic hot water energy use – Recommend lower-flow plumbing fixtures and sewage heat recovery or central heat pump domestic hot water heater
- Central domestic hot water heat pump
- High-efficiency LED lighting, daylight and occupancy controls – recommend 50% reduction from code in common areas, may require changes in architectural / interior design to maximize lighting levels
- Air-Source Heat pump / Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems – electricity based (low carbon), high efficiency mechanical systems to replace HVAC design
- Geothermal system
4 ENERGY ANALYSIS
4.1 TORONTO GREEN STANDARD - NEAR ZERO EMISSIONS DEVELOPMENT
Version 3 of the TGS came into effect on May 1, 2018. The energy requirements for Mid to High-Rise Residential
& All Non-Residential development are outlined in the recently published City of Toronto Zero Emissions
Building Framework2. In this document, future versions of the TGS will become more stringent over time in
Figure 2 - Zero Emissions Buildings Framework Path to Net Zero (City of Toronto, 2017)
Energy Strategy Report – 185 Balliol
EQ Building Performance Inc. Page 7
terms of energy use, thermal demand, and carbon emissions. The goal of this framework is to require near zero
emissions levels for all new developments by 2030 by increasing performance levels every 4 years, starting with
version 3 of the TGS. In all cases, Tier 1 is mandatory for all new developments in the city, while Tier 2, 3 and 4
are optional increased performance levels incentivized with a development charge refund.
Current energy standards in Ontario use a ‘reference’ building approach for compliance, comparing the
proposed building as designed to a reference building designed with minimum code requirements. This allows
buildings to more easily trade off deficient performance in one area with superior performance in others (i.e. a
less effective building envelope with higher performance mechanical systems).
Version 3 of the TGS replaces this current approach by using three new absolute targets. The intent of moving
to absolute targets is to encourage all buildings to meet the same standards of performance regardless of
design. In contrast, actual performance may vary dramatically between buildings when using the reference
building approach. The Zero Emissions Building Framework proposed the following three targets:
1. Energy Use Intensity – EUI – ekWh/m2: Annual building energy use, divided by conditioned floor area.
2. Thermal Energy Demand Intensity – TEDI – kWh/m2: Annual heating load, divided by the conditioned
floor area. TEDI excludes the effects of mechanical efficiencies (e.g. condensing boilers) but does
include passive systems such as air heat recovery, solar gains, and internal gains.
3. Greenhouse Gas Intensity – GHGI – kg CO2e/m2: Annual greenhouse gas emissions, divided by the
conditioned floor area. The annual average carbon emission factors currently listed in OBC SB-10 are
used for this calculation.
Energy use intensity, thermal energy demand intensity and greenhouse gas intensity will be reviewed and
estimated in this report. A reduction in thermal demand will be reflected in a focus on passive design elements
and heat recovery options for both heating and cooling use in the analysis below.
In addition to changing targets, two key differences in energy modeling approach are required for version 3 in
comparison to current TGS and Ontario Building Code requirements:
Table 2 - Changes to TGS Energy Modeling Requirements
Current Proposed
Ventilation Modelled at minimum ventilation requirements (ASHRAE 62.1 levels)
Modelled as per design
Thermal Bridging Some accounting for thermal bridging, allows for thermal bridging up to 2% of the building envelope to be excluded
Full accounting for all thermal bridging
In mid-high rise construction, these proposed changes typically result in a lower performing effective building
envelope in comparison to current calculation methods and increased outdoor air volumes in the model.
4.2 ENERGY TARGETS
The Development team is committed to creating a high performance community and meeting TGS V3 Tier 1
using the absolute performance path. This report suggests design solutions in order to achieve this high
performance target. Tier 2 levels of performance will also be estimated as a point of comparison.
Energy Strategy Report – 185 Balliol
EQ Building Performance Inc. Page 8
Should Balliol/Pailton LP choose to pursue a higher tier of the Toronto Green Standard (Tiers 2 – 4) for the 185
Balliol project, the benefits include:
A Development Charge refund of up to $1,249,061 could be received3;
The approvals process has the potential to be streamlined, which could save time and money for the project;
Increased resiliency of the building;
Projects that achieve Tier 2 and above are recognized as leaders in their field;
In addition to these cases, a Near Zero Emissions level of performance will also be explored, reflecting a
development built to achieve near net zero energy use. This design reflects the 2030 TGS levels of performance,
or Tier 4, as outlined in the Zero Emissions Buildings Framework. To achieve full net-zero status, the remaining
energy use identified in this scenario would be provided by renewable energy sources.
Table 3 - Performance Levels Analyzed
Scenario Notes
1 TGS version 3 Tier 1 Baseline level of performance
2 TGS version 3 Tier 2 Enhanced level of performance
3 Near Zero Emissions Aspirational performance, reflecting TGS 2030 / net zero targets
In line with Greenhouse Gas Intensity requirement of the TGS, predicted greenhouse gas emissions as well as
predicted energy use will be presented. Referencing the Ontario Building Code (OBC), a factor of 0.050 kg
CO2e/kWh for grid supplied electricity, and 1.899 kg CO2e/m3 for natural gas will be applied.
4.3 PREDICTED ENERGY USE4
The City of Toronto Zero Emissions Building Framework outlines sample designs that were used in setting the
targets for future versions of the TGS, including anticipated annual energy use for each version of the TGS until
2030, by end use and by building type. This information has been used to predict the energy use of the Proposed
Development, and verified against EQ’s extensive database of modeled buildings.
Predicted energy use and resulting carbon emissions for each of the three design options is presented in Table
4.
3 Based on Tier 2 Caps published by the City of Toronto, as well as the 185 Balliol Development Statistics dated 2020/09/10 4 Detailed calculations are available in the softcopy submission in the excel file provided with submission.