www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr Direction générale de l’Aviation civile Direction des services de la Navigation aérienne EPN, seminar AFIS, september 2013 Instrument approach procedures, PBN, GNSS • By Frédéric BOISARD, AFIS-O at Cholet LFOU Thanks to Mrs Morgane BARDIEUX (DGAC – DSAC/O) and to Mrs Corinne BOUSQUET (DGAC - DSNA/DTI) for their help, assistance and the use of Mrs BOUSQUET's presentation at UAF on december 2012
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september 2013 Instrument approach procedures, PBN, GNSS · EPN, seminar AFIS, september 2013 Instrument approach procedures, PBN, GNSS •y Frédéric BOISARD, AFIS-O at Cholet LFOU
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www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
EPN, seminar AFIS,september 2013
Instrument approach procedures, PBN, GNSS
• By Frédéric BOISARD, AFIS-O at Cholet LFOU
Thanks to Mrs Morgane BARDIEUX (DGAC –DSAC/O) and to Mrs Corinne BOUSQUET (DGAC - DSNA/DTI) for their help, assistance and the use of Mrs BOUSQUET's presentation at UAF on december 2012
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
IAP : Instrument Approach Procedure
What for ?
Provide pilot/aircraft a track/path ensuring clearance with all obstacles ( natural and human-made) when flying IMC
Caracteristics :
- segments with specified track and minimum altitude
- minimas : visibility and Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Altitude (DA)
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
A typical IAP
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Instruments Approach Procedures : a classification
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
exemple
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
IAP : pilot's operations
�To perform an approach, the visibility and/or RVR must be above the requested minima
�Arriving at the MDA/DA or MAPt :
� - if the pilot hasn't got visual references or if he got visual references, but the plane's position can't ensure a safe landing, then the pilot must go around and follow the missed approach procedure
� - if the pilot has got visual references, then he can continue for landing
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
IAP with horizontal guidance only : MDA
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
IAP with horizontal and vertical guidance : DA(simplified version)
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Horizontal guidance vs vertical guidance : minimas
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
NDB/VOR vs GNSS
Exemple :
Cholet (LFOU)
Red : NDB
Blue : GNSS
Primary and secondary
areas wider for NDB
than GNSS : less obstacles
taken into consideration
in GNSS
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
NDB / VOR vs GNSS�Benefits of the GNSS
� - no maintenance of ground stations
� - no joining overhead the airfield (useful in case of aerobatics, parachute jumping, winch gliders,...)
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Conventional Navigation
�Navigation using information from ground stations
•VOR
•NDB
•DME
•ILS/MLS
Code AC2
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
constraints
�Ground maintenance
•Scheduled calibration flight
•Ground stations maintenance
•Stations renewal
�Localisation
�Coverage
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Conventional navigation limits
�Tracks concentration
� (tracks converging towards ground stations)
�Utilisation of ground stations performances and not (or a little) of plane's navigation ability
�Unappropriate to some areas (mountainous)
�No vertical guidance (safety consequences)
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
PBN : Performance Based Navigation
�A new navigation concept (ICAO Doc 9613 )
�No requirement concerning “how the plane flies”, nor “which type of sensor is used to know the plane position, and to follow a path”
�Requirements concerning plane's navigation system performances
•Positioning precision
•Navigation : what is the plane able to do ? Which type of path can he follow ?
�Crew requirements
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
Navigation PBN
�Not characterized by the type of ground stations used
�Navigation from point A (Lat, Long) to point B (Lat, Long):
�Airplane
•calculate its position using ground stations
• calculate its position using navigation satellites
•fitted with navigation device allowing flight from A to B
�Acceptable navigation solution if :
•Calculate position with a precision coherent with the phase of the flight
•(accuracy)
•Reliance on this calculated position (integrity)
•Availability of this navigation solution when needed (continuity) .
Navigation PBN
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
PBN : navigation specifications
�Each navigation sensor has a navigation specification
�Different navigation specifications are :
�- RNAV : aRea NAVigation
�- RNP : Required Navigation Performance
�- RNP AR : RNP Authorization Required
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
navigation specification:RNAV vs RNP
�Permanent indication of the plane's GPS location in comparison with the plane's expected path
�Display of distance and heading to the next way-point (WP)
�Display of ground-speed and flight-time to the next way-point
�Use of navigation database
�Indication of navigation system failure
Common points
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
navigation specification:RNAV vs RNP
� Navigation Specification RNP
• Navigation performances monitoring function and
•Alerting function
� Navigation Specification RNAV
•No requirement concerning performances monitoring and alerting
differences
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne
navigation specifications and navigation sensors
Direction générale de l’Aviation civileDirection des services de la Navigation aérienne