September 18, 2014

September 18, September 18, 20142014

September 18, September 18, 20142014

Table of Contents:Table of Contents:

24. Chapter 3 24. Chapter 3 Graphic OrganizerGraphic Organizer

25. Anatomy of a 25. Anatomy of a NeuronNeuron

26. Neuron Notes26. Neuron Notes

27. Neuron Lab27. Neuron Lab

Table of Contents:Table of Contents:

24. Chapter 3 24. Chapter 3 Graphic OrganizerGraphic Organizer

25. Anatomy of a 25. Anatomy of a NeuronNeuron

26. Neuron Notes26. Neuron Notes

27. Neuron Lab27. Neuron Lab

Agenda:1.Introduce Unit 22.Neuron Notes and Activity3.Neuron Lab

EQ- What is the function of neurons? What are the different parts of a neuron? SSPBF1b

EQ- What is the function of neurons? What are the different parts of a neuron? SSPBF1b

CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

NEUROSCIENCE NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAND BEHAVIOR

Biological PsychologyBiological Psychology

Biological PsychologyBiological Psychology

(a.k.a. biopsychology/psychobiology):(a.k.a. biopsychology/psychobiology):

The study of psychological processesThe study of psychological processes

from a biological point of viewfrom a biological point of view

The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System A complex combination of cells A complex combination of cells

Allow you to:Allow you to: Know what is going on aroundKnow what is going on around Respond AppropriatelyRespond Appropriately

It is comprised of the It is comprised of the Central Nervous System Central Nervous System and the and the Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System

Thinking Dreaming Feeling Moving BreathingEating Digesting Heart Beat Temperature

Arousal Laughing Crying Screaming Blinking

Existing!

NeuronsNeurons

What Is IT?What Is IT? How does it WORK?How does it WORK?

What are the What are the DETAILS?DETAILS?

What are the three What are the three types?types?

NeuronNeuron WHAT IS IT?WHAT IS IT?

Nerve cells that are the Nerve cells that are the basic building block basic building block of the nervous systemof the nervous system

HOW DOES IT WORK?HOW DOES IT WORK?

Cells run through our Cells run through our entire body and entire body and communicate with each communicate with each otherother

WHAT DETAILS AREWHAT DETAILS ARE

IMPORTANT?IMPORTANT?

-Sends messages throughout the -Sends messages throughout the entire bodyentire body

-Each of us has over 40 billion -Each of us has over 40 billion throughout our bodythroughout our body

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES?WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES?

Sensory- send messages from body to the Sensory- send messages from body to the brainbrain

-Motor- send messages from brain to -Motor- send messages from brain to bodybody

-Interneuron- translate between S and M -Interneuron- translate between S and M in the brainin the brain

A “TYPICAL” NEURON

Components of a NeuronComponents of a NeuronSoma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus (a body within the soma that contains the cell’s hereditary material of the cell) it produces energy that fuels the activity of the cell

Components of a NeuronComponents of a NeuronDendrites: The short, branched projections of a neuron that receive impulses from axons terminal on other neurons and conduct them to the cell body.

Components of a NeuronComponents of a NeuronAxon: The long projection that transmit impulses away from the cell body to the synapse.

Components of a NeuronComponents of a NeuronMyelin Sheath: A white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon. The myelin helps speed the impulses.

The loss of muscle control seen with multiple sclerosis is due to a degeneration of myelin sheath.

Components of a NeuronComponents of a NeuronAxon Terminals: Small fibers that branch out at the end of the axon. They secrete chemical messengers.

Neuron Lab1. My partner was _____________________________________.

Forearm: Trial 1 __________ Trial 2 ____________Trial 3___________

Finger: Trial 1 __________ Trial 2 ____________Trial 3___________

2. I was able to detect the two stimuli to a great degree on my __________________.

3. What does this tell you about the number of neurons present in your forearm and finger?

4. Why do you think you have more neurons in your _____?

September September 2222EQ- What are the parts of the nervous system?

Agenda:1.Review the neuron parts2.Finish neuron section of graphic organizer3.Discuss the parts of the nervous system4.Nervous System Buddy

Agenda:1.Review the neuron parts2.Finish neuron section of graphic organizer3.Discuss the parts of the nervous system4.Nervous System Buddy

28. Nervous System Song29. Notes of Nervous System

Components of a NeuronComponents of a Neuron

Synapse:Synapse: The tiny gap between the axon The tiny gap between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neurondendrites of the receiving neuron

It is across this tiny gap It is across this tiny gap

that neurons communicate that neurons communicate

with one anotherwith one another

Action PotentialAction Potential

The process through which a message The process through which a message (chemical impulse) is carried through the (chemical impulse) is carried through the neuron. (from the dendrite, down the axon, neuron. (from the dendrite, down the axon, into the axon terminal)into the axon terminal)

NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers

released from the axon terminals. released from the axon terminals.

Neurotransmitters will bind only to specific Neurotransmitters will bind only to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane that receptors on the postsynaptic membrane that recognize them. recognize them.

Central Nervous System

Spinal Cord

Brain

Column of nerves running down back- protected by bones- transmits messages between brain and the rest of the body

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System

Brain and the Spinal CordBrain and the Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic

Autonomic

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Involuntary movements of internal organs and glands

“Fight of Flight” Activated when we are going into action

“Rest and Digest”Calms us back down after the Sympathetic NS has been activated

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System Nerve cells that send messages Nerve cells that send messages

between the CNS and all the parts of between the CNS and all the parts of the body, such as muscles, organs, the body, such as muscles, organs, and skin receptors.and skin receptors.

(The Central Nervous System is the (The Central Nervous System is the brain and spinal cord, the Peripheral brain and spinal cord, the Peripheral Nervous system is everything else) Nervous system is everything else)

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEMAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Calms the body after emergencies. Restores

the body’s energy

Prepares the body for fight-or flight

response

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls voluntary activities

It serves arousal functions

Controls involuntary actions. It regulates the body’s vital functions: breathing, digestion, blood pressure, etc. It is also involved in emotions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gdjcd68sGE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gdjcd68sGE

Which Nervous System?Which Nervous System?

Which nervous system is involved in Which nervous system is involved in allowing you to shoot a basketball, smell allowing you to shoot a basketball, smell freshly baked bread, and push the keys on freshly baked bread, and push the keys on a piano?a piano?

Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System


The digestion of last night’s dinner is The digestion of last night’s dinner is most directly controlled by which most directly controlled by which nervous system?nervous system?

AutonomicAutonomic


The voluntary command Zelda uses to The voluntary command Zelda uses to raise her hand in class would travel raise her hand in class would travel through which nervous system from the through which nervous system from the spinal cord to the muscles that control spinal cord to the muscles that control movement?movement?

SomaticSomatic

Which Nervous System?Which Nervous System? When a man grabbed Zoe’s purse, she ran When a man grabbed Zoe’s purse, she ran

after him, tackled him, and retrieved her after him, tackled him, and retrieved her purse. Then she realized that her heart was purse. Then she realized that her heart was racing, her breathing was irregular, and she racing, her breathing was irregular, and she was trembling. was trembling. Which of Zoe’s nervous systems was Which of Zoe’s nervous systems was responsible for this reaction?responsible for this reaction?

SympatheticSympathetic


You woke up late for your big job You woke up late for your big job interview! You are running and your heart interview! You are running and your heart is beating fast!is beating fast!

Which nervous system governs your Which nervous system governs your running?running?

SomaticSomatic Which nervous system governs your heart Which nervous system governs your heart

rate?rate?

Autonomic (Sympathetic)Autonomic (Sympathetic)


Zeon had a long, difficult day at school. As Zeon had a long, difficult day at school. As he sits down on the sofa, his heart rate and he sits down on the sofa, his heart rate and breathing slow down, his muscles relax, and breathing slow down, his muscles relax, and his digestive system starts getting ready for his digestive system starts getting ready for food. Which of Zeon’s nervous systems has food. Which of Zeon’s nervous systems has been activated?been activated?

ParasympatheticParasympathetic

Nervous System Buddy1.Trace your body.2.Draw the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord). This should be red.3.Draw the Peripheral Nervous System (nerves running from the CNS to the rest of your body). This should be blue. 4.Draw a “spotlight” on one of your neurons. Label the five parts of the neuron.5.Create a T chart and label it the Somatic and the Autonomic Nervous system. For each, identify the main function of this system and at least three examples of things this system does. 6.Create a T chart and label it the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous system. For each, tell the main job of that system and three things that happen when that system is activated.7.Give your buddy a name and some character!8.Write the names of the members of your group in the lower right hand corner. 9.Tape your “buddy” up in the hallway and get Ms. Sterling to grade it.

September 26September 26Agenda:1.Review the Nervous System2.Parts of the brain• Update Ch. 3 GO• Ppt Review of

Parts of the Brain• Memorize the

Parts of the Brain Video

EQ- What are the major functions of the parts of the

brain? SSPBF1

Table of Contents:30. The Brain 31. Parts of the Brain32. Memorize the Parts Chart

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain

HindbrainHindbrain MidbrainMidbrain ForebrainForebrain

HindbrainHindbrain

Medulla – vital functions Medulla – vital functions (heart rate, breathing, (heart rate, breathing, blood pressure)blood pressure)

Pons – regulates body Pons – regulates body movement; attention, movement; attention, sleep and alertnesssleep and alertness

Cerebellum – “little Cerebellum – “little brain”; under cerebrum; brain”; under cerebrum; balance and coordinationbalance and coordination

MidbrainMidbrain

• Structures that regulate Structures that regulate vision and hearingvision and hearing

• R.A.S. (Reticular R.A.S. (Reticular Activating System) – Activating System) – attention, sleep, and attention, sleep, and arousal; starts in arousal; starts in hindbrain and goes hindbrain and goes through midbrain to through midbrain to bottom of forebrainbottom of forebrain

ForebrainForebrain• Thalamus – “inner chamber”; relay Thalamus – “inner chamber”; relay

station and sensory switchboardstation and sensory switchboard• Hypothalamus – “under” the thalamus; Hypothalamus – “under” the thalamus;

body regulations – temperature, hunger, body regulations – temperature, hunger, thirst, sex thirst, sex

• Limbic system – structures involved in Limbic system – structures involved in memory, learning, emotions, memory, learning, emotions, aggression, and fearaggression, and fear

• Cerebrum – “brain”; 70% of brain’s Cerebrum – “brain”; 70% of brain’s weight; cortex is Latin for “bark”; weight; cortex is Latin for “bark”; HIGHER functions/thinking HIGHER functions/thinking

• Association Areas – part of cerebrum – Association Areas – part of cerebrum – pulls ALL information together; pulls ALL information together; integrates or associates sensory integrates or associates sensory information with stored informationinformation with stored information

Important Parts of the Limbic Important Parts of the Limbic System:System:

Hippocampus- Hippocampus- memory forming, memory forming, organizing and organizing and storagestorage

Amygdala-emotional Amygdala-emotional center, especially center, especially with fear and anger, with fear and anger, also with pleasurealso with pleasure

Parts of the Brain VideoParts of the Brain VideoPart Function How we remember it

Cerebral Cortex

Corpus Callosum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Pons

Cerebellum

Reticular Formation

Medulla

September 30September 30EQ- What are the major components of the brain and

their function. SSBF1

Agenda:1.Brain parts review2.Build a Brain LAB3.Chapter 2 Vocabulary Crossword

Agenda:1.Brain parts review2.Build a Brain LAB3.Chapter 2 Vocabulary Crossword

Table of Contents:33. Brain parts review

Brain Parts ReviewBrain Parts ReviewIdentify the part of the brain involved in Identify the part of the brain involved in each of these activities:each of these activities:This morning I was sound asleep (1) when my alarm clock This morning I was sound asleep (1) when my alarm clock went off and woke me up. (2) I immediately realized that I went off and woke me up. (2) I immediately realized that I was thirsty (3) and reached for my glass of water. Then I took was thirsty (3) and reached for my glass of water. Then I took a quick breath (4) and climbed out of bed. Unfortunately, my a quick breath (4) and climbed out of bed. Unfortunately, my visual cues were not being sent to the correct place in my visual cues were not being sent to the correct place in my brain (5) and I stumbled several times (6) on my way across brain (5) and I stumbled several times (6) on my way across the room. I screamed in fear when I turned on the light in the the room. I screamed in fear when I turned on the light in the bathroom (7) but realized that it was just my own reflection bathroom (7) but realized that it was just my own reflection in the mirror. Then I did a pretty complex math problem (8) in the mirror. Then I did a pretty complex math problem (8) and tried to remember whether it was an even or odd day. (9)and tried to remember whether it was an even or odd day. (9)

Play-doh BrainPlay-doh Brain Get in groups of 3Get in groups of 3 Arrange your desks so that you can easily Arrange your desks so that you can easily

communicate with each other and share a work communicate with each other and share a work space.space.

Follow the lab paper as your construct your brain.Follow the lab paper as your construct your brain. Practice identifying each part and the function of Practice identifying each part and the function of

eacheach Get me to check it!Get me to check it!

October2October2Agenda:Agenda:

1.1.Which brain? Which brain? Introductory Introductory activityactivity

2.2.Notes: Notes: Hemispheres, Hemispheres, Lobes and Lobes and LanguageLanguage

3.3.Brainy Super Brainy Super Heroes! Heroes!

EQ- How do the left and right hemispheres compare to each other? What are the lobes of the brain? How does language happen in our brains?

EQ- How do the left and right hemispheres compare to each other? What are the lobes of the brain? How does language happen in our brains?

Table of Contents:34. Which hemisphere?35. Notes: Hemispheres, Lobes and Language36. Hemispheres Lab37. Brainy Super Hero

Hemispheres Hemispheres

Left and Right connected by Corpus CallosumLeft and Right connected by Corpus Callosum Right is creative/abstractRight is creative/abstract Left is logical and language basedLeft is logical and language based

LEFT VS. RIGHT HEMISPHERELEFT VS. RIGHT HEMISPHERE Left:Left: logic, language, problem solving, logic, language, problem solving,

mathematical computation, etc.mathematical computation, etc. Right:Right: imagination, art, rhythm, color, feeling, imagination, art, rhythm, color, feeling,

and spatial relations <where things are>and spatial relations <where things are> HoweverHowever… People are not really right or left … People are not really right or left

brained. The hemispheres do NOT act brained. The hemispheres do NOT act independently of each other (you use both of independently of each other (you use both of them!)them!)

Right or Left Hemisphere?Right or Left Hemisphere?

Place the card that says “Place the card that says “RIGHTRIGHT” on the right ” on the right side of your desk. Place the card that says side of your desk. Place the card that says ““LEFTLEFT”, on the left side of your desk. If you ”, on the left side of your desk. If you believe the behavior is controlled mostly by believe the behavior is controlled mostly by the right hemisphere, hold up the card that the right hemisphere, hold up the card that says “says “RIGHTRIGHT” with your right hand. If the ” with your right hand. If the behavior is controlled mostly by the left behavior is controlled mostly by the left hemisphere, hold up the sign that says hemisphere, hold up the sign that says ““LEFTLEFT” with your left hand..” with your left hand..


Studying concepts from psychologyStudying concepts from psychology

LEFTLEFT


Daydreaming about your next holiday tripDaydreaming about your next holiday trip

RIGHTRIGHT


Listening to a piano concertListening to a piano concert

RIGHTRIGHT


Reading junk mailReading junk mail

LEFTLEFT


6 x 4 – 2 + 5 =6 x 4 – 2 + 5 =

LEFTLEFT


DoodlingDoodling

RIGHTRIGHT


Thinking about the answers for this activityThinking about the answers for this activity

LEFTLEFT


Listening to rap musicListening to rap music

BOTH (Right = beat) (Left =BOTH (Right = beat) (Left = lyrics)lyrics)

Right or Left LabRight or Left Lab

For each of the following items, For each of the following items, make a note of which direction make a note of which direction your eyes look while thinking your eyes look while thinking

about the answer.about the answer.

Question# Eyes Looked… Which Hemisphere?

1. 1.

What is meant by the What is meant by the proverb “birds of a proverb “birds of a

feather flock together”?feather flock together”?

2. 2.

How many corners are How many corners are there on a solid cube?there on a solid cube?

3.3.

What color are the doors What color are the doors that lead into the that lead into the

buildings from the buildings from the courtyard here at NMHS?courtyard here at NMHS?

4. 4.

What does the word What does the word “patience” mean?“patience” mean?

5. 5.

A zookeeper has 3 ducks A zookeeper has 3 ducks and 4 lions in the zoo. and 4 lions in the zoo.

How many feet are there How many feet are there in the zoo?in the zoo?

6. 6.

Name three states that Name three states that border Alabama.border Alabama.

7. 7.

What is an English word What is an English word that begins with R and that begins with R and

ends with E?ends with E?

8. 8.

You are heading North. You are heading North. You make two right turns You make two right turns and then a left turn. What and then a left turn. What

direction are you now direction are you now heading in?heading in?

Lobes Lobes

Frontal – motor cortex in back, “executive Frontal – motor cortex in back, “executive control” center of the braincontrol” center of the brain problem solving, problem solving, making plans and decisions, retrieving memoriesmaking plans and decisions, retrieving memories

Parietal – touch (warmth, cold, pressure, pain)Parietal – touch (warmth, cold, pressure, pain)

Occipital – visual cortex Occipital – visual cortex

Temporal – hearingTemporal – hearing

FOUR LOBES OF THE BRAINFOUR LOBES OF THE BRAIN

FRONTAL LOBE

TEMPORAL LOBE

PARIETAL LOBE

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Who wants to be a Mill-neuron-aire?Who wants to be a Mill-neuron-aire?

http://opl.apa.org/contributions/EC/Million.htm



LANGUAGE ABILITIESLANGUAGE ABILITIES

Left Hemisphere:Left Hemisphere:

Language Functions Language Functions are based in the left are based in the left hemisphere for most hemisphere for most people (except 1/3 of people (except 1/3 of left handed people)left handed people)

Broca’s and Wernicke’s AphasiaBroca’s and Wernicke’s Aphasia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ewhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVhYN7NTIKU

Broca’s Area- located in the frontal lobe; helps control parts of the face used for speaking

people with damage in this area: difficult to speak, speech will be very slow and they will use very simple sentences

Wernicke’s Area- located in the temporal lobe; helps piece together sounds and sights

people with damage in this area: may not be able to understand speech in others; their speech will often not make any sense- random words jumbled together

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVhYN7NTIKU

Brainy Super Heroes!Brainy Super Heroes!You will be creating your own superhero today You will be creating your own superhero today who has an augmented brain area and a super who has an augmented brain area and a super power that results from this brain enhancement. power that results from this brain enhancement. Requirements:Requirements:Draw your superhero (you can use magazines or computer clip art) Draw your superhero (you can use magazines or computer clip art) Design a costume or outfit that reflects his or her main ability Design a costume or outfit that reflects his or her main ability Name your characterName your characterDetermine the super abilities he or she will possessDetermine the super abilities he or she will possessIdentify the brain structures that will need to be augmented to Identify the brain structures that will need to be augmented to accommodate the new super skillaccommodate the new super skillIdentify a simple plot that would encourage this superhero to come Identify a simple plot that would encourage this superhero to come to the rescueto the rescue

October 8 (my mom’s birthday!)October 8 (my mom’s birthday!)

Agenda:1.Finish Awakenings2.Methods of Studying the Brain (Chart)3. Phineas Gage Video

EQ- How do scientists learn about the brain?

EQ- How do scientists learn about the brain?

Table of Contents:38. Methods of Studying the Brain Chart39. Awakenings Video Q’s

October 17October 17EQ- How do we study the brain? What is the endocrine system?

Agenda:1.Finish Method of Studying the Brain chart2.Finish Unit 2 Graphic Organizer3.World’s Smallest Girl Documentary

HW- Go to the homecoming game and dance! Study for Unit 2 Test

Methods of Studying the BrainMethods of Studying the BrainMethod Description

Accidents

Lesions

Electrical Stimulation

EEG

CAT Scan

MRI

PET Scan

fMRI

Page 38

METHODS OF STUDYING METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAINTHE BRAIN

Accidents:Accidents: Neuroscientists study people Neuroscientists study people who have had brain injuries to see how the who have had brain injuries to see how the injury has changed the way their brain injury has changed the way their brain functions.functions.

One example is Phineas Gage.One example is Phineas Gage.

Lesions- cutting, removing or destroying a part Lesions- cutting, removing or destroying a part of the brain of the brain Allows them to determine what types of behavior Allows them to determine what types of behavior

that section controls by looking at the results of the that section controls by looking at the results of the destructiondestruction

Electrical Stimulation- surgically implant Electrical Stimulation- surgically implant electrodes into parts of the brain- stimulate electrodes into parts of the brain- stimulate them and see what happens!them and see what happens!

METHODS OF STUDYING THE METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAINBRAIN

Electroencephalogram (EEG):Electroencephalogram (EEG):

Records the electrical activity of the brain Records the electrical activity of the brain creating “brain waves”creating “brain waves”


CAT Scans: Produce a 3-dimensional view CAT Scans: Produce a 3-dimensional view of the brain that can be displayed on a video of the brain that can be displayed on a video monitor- shows brain abnormalitiesmonitor- shows brain abnormalities

This is NOT the type of CAT Scan to which I am referring

This is what the image looks like This is what the image looks like taken by a CAT scantaken by a CAT scan


Types of ScansTypes of Scans MRI: more powerful than a CAT Scan MRI: more powerful than a CAT Scan

and can show detail more clearlyand can show detail more clearly


Types of ScansTypes of Scans PET Scans:PET Scans: -inject sugar-inject sugar Looks at brain and records activity (shows the brain in Looks at brain and records activity (shows the brain in

action!)action!)

fMRI- combines the MRI and the PET scan- fMRI- combines the MRI and the PET scan- detailed pictures of the brain in actiondetailed pictures of the brain in action

The Endocrine

System

Gland that secrete the hormones that control things in

our bodiesPituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland

Adrenal Glands

Ovaries and Testes

Called the master gland Located in

the brain

Controls growth

Metabolism

Emotions, energy

adrenaline

Sexual development hormones

Hormones are to the endocrine

system as ______________ are

to the _________________

Heredity (NATURE)

What we inherit from our parents

ChromosomesContain genes; composed

of DNA

Genes (building block)

46 Chromosomes

23 from each parent

23rd Chromosome Determines sex: males XYFemales XX

Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture

Nature:Nature: Heredity Heredity

Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture Heredity:Heredity: the transmission of characteristics from the transmission of characteristics from

parents to offspringparents to offspring Heredity is important in the transmission of Heredity is important in the transmission of

physical traits such as: height, hair color, eye physical traits such as: height, hair color, eye colorcolor

It is also involved in some psychological traits It is also involved in some psychological traits such as: shyness, aggressiveness, leadership, etc.such as: shyness, aggressiveness, leadership, etc.

However, it is also a factor in many psychological However, it is also a factor in many psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, disorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorderschizophrenia, bipolar disorder


Genes:Genes: the basic building block of the basic building block of heredity. Genes are found in chromosomesheredity. Genes are found in chromosomes

Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture Chromosomes:Chromosomes: Each normal human has 23 Each normal human has 23

pairs of chromosomes. The 23pairs of chromosomes. The 23rdrd pair is the pair is the sex determining pair. We all get an X from sex determining pair. We all get an X from the mother and females get an X from their the mother and females get an X from their father. Whereas males get a Y from their father. Whereas males get a Y from their father father

EnvironmentNURTURE

What we are exposed to in life

Family Culture

Education Living Conditions

Everyday life experiences


Nurture:Nurture: Environment, family, culture, living Environment, family, culture, living conditions, everyday experiencesconditions, everyday experiences

Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture Kinship StudiesKinship Studies

Identical Twins raised together vs. Identical Identical Twins raised together vs. Identical Twins raised apartTwins raised apart

Fraternal Twins raised together vs. Identical Fraternal Twins raised together vs. Identical Twins raised togetherTwins raised together

Adopted children compared to their Adopted children compared to their biological families and their adopted familiesbiological families and their adopted families

If Identical twins raised together are more alike If Identical twins raised together are more alike than Identical twins raised apart then…than Identical twins raised apart then…

NurtureNurture If Identical twins raised apart are more alike If Identical twins raised apart are more alike

than Fraternal twins raised together then….than Fraternal twins raised together then….

NatureNature If adopted children are more like their If adopted children are more like their

biological parents then….biological parents then….

NatureNature

Pituitary Gland: is also known as the “master gland” because it secretes many hormones that affect a wide range of behaviors such as growth, pregnancy, mothering, etc.

Thyroid Gland: Secretes hormones involved in metabolism

Hypothyroidism (too little thyroxin) leads to being overweight

Hyperthyroidism (too much thyroxin) leads to weight loss, inability to sleep, excitability, etc.

Adrenal Gland: The outer layer of the adrenal glands secretes cortical steroids which increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development. Cortical steroids also release stored sugar, making energy available for emergencies.

Estrogen and Progesterone:

female sex hormones secreted by the ovaries

Estrogen is involved in the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Testosterone: A male sex hormone produced by the testes in the male.

If, in the prenatal period, testosterone is secreted male sex organs develop. However, if testosterone is NOT secreted, female sex organs develop. In adolescence, testosterone aids in the growth of muscle and bone and in the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Trait Nature (heredity)

Nurture (environment)


September 18, 2014

Documents

sending neuron

neuron labagenda

neuron notes27

entire body

nervous systemhow

central nervous system

nervous system song29

neuronsoma cell body