Sentence types

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFECIENCY 1

Lecturer`s name

Dashima Bt Abdul Wahab

Group

Muhammad Rusydi bin Muhammad

Muhammad Hafiz Haqimi bin Ismail

Aminuddin Amzar bin Amran

Sentence Structure:Sentence Types

Sentence Types

Simple

Compound

Complex

Compound-

Complex

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Basic Elementsof

Every Sentence

BASIC ELEMENTS

plays basketball.Jhon

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SIMPLE SENTENCE

Jhon plays basketball.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

one subject one predicate

SIMPLE SENTENCE

play basketball.Jhon and Roxy

Compound Subject

&

SIMPLE SENTENCEWITH COMPOUND SUBJECT

Jhon and Roxy play basketball.

SIMPLE SENTENCE

play basketball and swim.

Jhon and Roxy

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

&&

SIMPLE SENTENCEWITH COMPOUND SUBJECT ANDCOMPOUND PREDICATE

Jhon and Roxy play basketball and swim.

COMPOUND SENTENCE

When two or more simple sentences are joined by a coordinating conjunction or conjunctions.

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

FOR

AND

NOR

BUT

OR

YET

SO

COMPOUND SENTENCE WITHCOORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

and

COMPOUND SENTENCEJhon swims,

Roxy plays basketball.

and

Jhon swims, and Roxy plays basketball.

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Jhon swims, and Roxy plays tennis.

Comma before “and” in compound

sentences!

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER

HOWEVER

OTHERWISE

THEREFORE

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Neyo is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1

IndependentClause 2

Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Note: Semicolon before conjunctiveadverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!

Neyo is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS “FLOAT”

Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END

Neyo is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Neyo is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

Neyo is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

Semicolons

“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON

Amin has benefited from his exercise program; he

is slim and energetic.

COMPLEX SENTENCE It is simple joined by a clause.

COMPLEX SENTENCE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

even though

COMPLEX SENTENCE

Roy is popular

he is ugly.

even though

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Roy is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Dependent

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Roy is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Dependent Independent

EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES Gerald had to begun his thesis over again

when his computer crashed. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more

independent. If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque

will be mailed on Tuesday. I wondered whether the homework was

necessary (or not).

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE It is combination of compound and complex sentence.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

Mike is popular

he is good looking,

because

he is not very happy.

but

EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES

The package arrived in the morning, but the courier left before I could check the contents.

Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.

There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers

believe that they will be able to solve them soon.

EXERCISES

ANALYZE THESE SENTENCES

1. Ottawa is the capital of Canada, but Toronto is the capital of Ontario.

2. Democracy is a noble goal; it is important, however, to protect the minority from the tyranny of the majority.

3. Unless my girlfriend postpones her visit from Calgary, I will not have time to study for my exam.

4. Susanne wanted to be here, but she cannot come because her car is in the shop.

5. The football game was cancelled because it was raining.

6. The football game was cancelled because of the rain.

7. The Island was filled with many trails winding through the thick underbrush, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs.

REFERENCES

Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.

The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.