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Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
2002: Ethernet/Fast Ethernet in factories. CAN in vehicles.802.11b gaining ground. Lots of Bluetooth hype.Killer apps: Machine vision, machine monitoring,SCADA, telematics
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
Source: James Gilbert, TRW, "Advanced Deployable System as a Force Protector for Expeditionary Forces” , DTIC/NDIA 6th AnnualExpeditionary Warfare Conference, 29 Oct - 1 Nov2001, http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2001ewc/index.html
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
Mark Hatch (SPAWAR), “Dynamic Control of Acoustic Communication Routes for an Autonomous Undersea Distributed Field of Sensors”, 2nd DARPA-JFACC SYMPOSIUM ONADVANCES IN ENTERPRISE CONTROL, MinneapolisMN, July 10-11, 2000, http://www.darpa.mil/ito/research/jfacc/ACESYMP/2AEC_program_linked.htm
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
• Affordable COTS network equipment and software• Proper choice of standards provides long architectural lifetime• Creates common network-centric sensor interfaces across programs
- Enables possible cross-platform networking of these systems
NUWC ATM-SONETTowed arrays,
measurement ranges
NSWC ATM-SONET
UUVs,measurement ranges
SPAWAR ATM-SONETSurveillance
arrays
NAVSEAATM-SONET
VA Classsubmarine C3I
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
Key Issues• Interoperability and open architectures
- Across sensors, platforms, command levels, forces, coalitions- Through a variety of network and application layers- With legacy sensors, nets, comms, and stovepipe processes
• Future SensorNets must service an open and UNPREDICTABLE setof sensor types, users, applications, and comm links
• Security and Info Assurance; Fault tolerance and reliability- Thousands of distributed sensor nodes;- Nodes will be compromised; Nodes will fail; Nodes will be destroyed- Lightweight security protocols & encryption needed for distributed sensors- LPI/LPD, Anti-Jam, fault resistance, source and access authentication
• Dynamic, Scalable Solutions- An ESG will have 100’s-1000’s of sensors- A modern aircraft carrier has some 50,000 sensors- A global grid will have millions-billions of sensors
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
Key Issues• Shortage of Bandwidth, Spectrum, Time, Space, Power, and $$$
- Raw sonar, radar, or optical images @ Gbps versus SATCOM @ Mbps- FCC spectrum wars are emerging- Real-time control loops; minimize latency; prioritize data; guarantee QoS- Affordable, low-power, small nodes required for most applications
• Accurate sensor synchronization, time stamping, and geo-location- Location/time addressing potentially more useful than logical addressing
• Extraction of USEFUL information from the Sensor Grid- Tasking the grid; understanding the information display; aiding C2 decisions- Providing situation awareness- Providing TRUSTWORTHY information
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
- Independent modular layers? Best for interop, but limits capability- Interfaces between layers defined- Each layer can be independently changed & upgraded
• Open interfaces to layers- Use commercial standard layer protocols whenever possible- Avoid proprietary layer structures and protocols- Interfaces to layers must be open; protocol definitions must be published
• There is currently little guidance for sensor system design relative to DoD interoperability requirements for joint NCW
The DoD (OSD, OFT, JCS/J6) should provide a set of recommended (mandated?) layerstructures, protocols, data structures, and architectural guidelines for DoD sensorsystems to enable future sensor grid applications
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
The legacy comms issue• Hundreds of legacy military data comms, links, protocols, networks
- Most are not interoperable, open, or conducive to sensor networking- Many can’t handle even simple IP packet fields (e.g., JTIDS Link-16)- Others may have trouble scaling (e.g. CEC DDS, Link-16)- Most are isolated stovepipes (e.g., TPN, SINCGARS, EPLRS, CDL)
• Develop new equipment to consolidate legacy systems? (e.g., JTRS)- Significant JTRS R&D is focused on legacy radio compatibility- Diverts funding away from the more critical issue:
Our Forces need higher speed, interoperable networks!
• Deploy expensive outdated architectures for ROI? (e.g., Link-16) - The US has been developing Link-16 for 2 decades - The US plans to buy $150M worth of Link-16 systems in FY03
- Highly customized non-commercial-practice architecture- May never ‘play well’ with the rest of the network world.
Not just a ‘SensorNet’ issue; a joint NCW issue
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
Sensor Network Adaptive Processor -SNAP• PSI and SPAWAR are developing a common middleware node for
integration and interoperability of new and legacy sensor systems tosupport emerging FORCEnet sensor network architectures andconcepts
- Highly adaptive, reconfigurable middleware node with sensor network processor- Small size and low-power for embedded applications- Provides network interface and switching capability
i.e., can interface sensors and network data
SNAPSwitchNode
Configurable Sensor Interface Ports
Configurable NetworkInterface Ports
ConnectSensors
Here
ConnectNetwork
Here
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare
Conclusion• Sensor networking has emerged as the foundation grid for NCW
- There are numerous issues and opportunities for the S&T community- Ad-hoc networking, automated management, security, bandwidth, QoS
- Intelligent agents, fusion, AI, ATR
• Commercial support, interoperability, scalability, trustworthiness,and joint standard guidelines are necessary to realize an affordablesensor grid with wide-scale deployment, joint use, and longarchitectural lifetime.
Sensor Network Technology for Joint Undersea Warfare