Sri Sai Phani Kanth, Arekapudi Chemnitz University of Technology Sensor Communication in Automotive Chemnitz University of Technology Course of Studies M.Sc Micro & Nano Systems, 2nd . Semester Seminar Automotive Sensors Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
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Sri Sai Phani Kanth, ArekapudiChemnitz University of TechnologyCourse of Studies M.Sc Micro & NanoSystems, 2nd . Semester
Sensor Communication in Automotive
Sri Sai Phani Kanth, ArekapudiChemnitz University of TechnologyCourse of Studies M.Sc Micro & NanoSystems, 2nd . Semester
Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
• The data exchange between the numerous number of control devices,sensors and actuators in automobiles
1.0 Introduction.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig.1 Function Block Diagramof Automotive system.
Application of MEMS Technology in Automotive Sensors and ActuatorsPROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE,VOL. 86, NO. 8, AUGUST 1998.
Fig.1.a, Transparent View ofAutomotive system in a Car.
• Bus topology
• Star topology
• Ring topology
• Tree topology
• Mesh topology
Network Topologies:
• Bus topology
• Star topology
• Ring topology
• Tree topology
• Mesh topology
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig. 2 Network Topologies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology
• A vehicle bus is a specialized internal communication network thatinterconnects components inside a vehicle (e.g. automobile, bus, industrialor agricultural vehicle, ship, or aircraft).
Special requirements for vehicle control:• Assurance of message delivery
• Assured non-conflicting messages
• Assured time of delivery as well as low cost
• Noise resilience, redundant routing
• Use of less common networking protocols.
2.0 Vechicle Bus
• A vehicle bus is a specialized internal communication network thatinterconnects components inside a vehicle (e.g. automobile, bus, industrialor agricultural vehicle, ship, or aircraft).
Special requirements for vehicle control:• Assurance of message delivery
• Assured non-conflicting messages
• Assured time of delivery as well as low cost
• Noise resilience, redundant routing
• Use of less common networking protocols.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_bus
Wired connectivity Protocol• Controller Area Network (CAN).• Local Interconnection Network (LIN).• Media Oriented System Transport (MOST).• FlexRayWireless connectivity Protocol• Blue Tooth.• ZigBee.• Wi-Fi
Physical Transmission Media• Single Wire.• Twisted Pair.• Fiber Optic Cable.
Vechicle Messaging Protocols
Wired connectivity Protocol• Controller Area Network (CAN).• Local Interconnection Network (LIN).• Media Oriented System Transport (MOST).• FlexRayWireless connectivity Protocol• Blue Tooth.• ZigBee.• Wi-Fi
Physical Transmission Media• Single Wire.• Twisted Pair.• Fiber Optic Cable.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
O.S.I. - Open System Interconnection
OSI model is a way of sub-dividing a System into smaller parts (calledlayers) from the point of view of communications.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
• The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communications protocolsuited for networking sensors, actuators, and other nodes in real-timesystems.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Research on the Controller Area Network (Reference 1)Figure 4. The Layered ISO 11898 Standard Architecture
CAN Message Frame Format:
Standard CAN Format
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Figure 5. Standard CAN: 11 bit Identifier.
Vechicle Application of CAN by Karl Henrik Johansson,1,Martin T¨orngren,2, Lars Nielsen3 (Ref. 2)
CAN Versions.
NOMENCLATURE STANDARD MAX.SIGNALINGRATE
IDENTIFIER
Low-Speed CAN ISO 11519 125 Kbps 11-bitCAN 2.0A ISO
11898:19931 Mbps 11-bit
CAN 2.0B ISO11898:1995
1 Mbps 29-bit
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
CAN 2.0B ISO11898:1995
1 Mbps 29-bit
Table: 1 CAN Versions.
Research on the Controller Area Network (Reference 1)
CAN Operation.
Fig. 6 Three nodes connected through a CAN bus
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig. 7 Bit timing signals
CAN: Level Arbitration
Fig. 8 Inverted logic of a CAN bus
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Research on the Controller Area Network (Reference 1)
Fig. 9 Level Characteristics.
Silent Features of CAN :
• Is a high-integrity serial data communications bus for real-time applications.
• Operates at data rates of up to 1 Megabits per second.
• Has excellent error detection, CSMA/ CD and confinement capabilities.
• Was originally developed by Bosch for use in cars.
• Is now being used in many other industrial automation and controlapplications.
• Is an international standard: ISO 11898.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
• Is a high-integrity serial data communications bus for real-time applications.
• Operates at data rates of up to 1 Megabits per second.
• Has excellent error detection, CSMA/ CD and confinement capabilities.
• Was originally developed by Bosch for use in cars.
• Is now being used in many other industrial automation and controlapplications.
• Is an international standard: ISO 11898.
Local Interconnection Network (LIN):
• The LIN bus is a sub-bus system based on a serial communicationsprotocol. The bus is a single master / multiple slave bus that uses a singlewire to transmit data.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig. 10 Single master / multiple slave model implementation using LIN Bus.AN1278 APPLICATION NOTE LIN Solution (Ref 3)
Basic LIN communication:
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig. 11 LIN Communication
AN1278 APPLICATION NOTE LIN Solution (Ref 3)
LIN Message Frame:
Fig. 12.a LIN Message Frame
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
AN1278 APPLICATION NOTE LIN Solution (Ref 3)
Fig. 12.b
Silent Features of LIN :
• LIN is a broadcast serial network comprising single master and many (up to16) slaves.
• The LIN bus is a flexible configuration with small and slow network system.
• No collision detection exists.
• Single wire communications up to 19.2 Kbit/s @ 40 meter bus length.
• Variable length of data frame (2, 4 and 8 byte).
• Data checksum, error detection and detection of defective nodes.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
• LIN is a broadcast serial network comprising single master and many (up to16) slaves.
• The LIN bus is a flexible configuration with small and slow network system.
• No collision detection exists.
• Single wire communications up to 19.2 Kbit/s @ 40 meter bus length.
• Variable length of data frame (2, 4 and 8 byte).
• Data checksum, error detection and detection of defective nodes.
Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST):
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) is a vehicle bus standard,intended for interconnecting multimedia components in automobiles andother vehicles.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig. 13 MOST ringIn-vehicle Movie Streaming Using an Embedded System with MOST Interface (Ref )
General representation:
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
In-vehicle Movie Streaming Using an Embedded System with MOST Interface (Ref )
Fig. 14 General representation of a MOST device andISO/OSI representation
MOST Message Frame:
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Fig. 15 MOST Message frames and Blocks
Automotive application www.atmel.com (Ref )
Silent Features of MOST:
• An inexpensive automotive and appliance network
• 25 Mbps fiber-optic bus
• for real-time data transfer
• used in surround-sound systems and CD and DVD players
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
• An inexpensive automotive and appliance network
• 25 Mbps fiber-optic bus
• for real-time data transfer
• used in surround-sound systems and CD and DVD players
Flexray
• The FlexRay Protocol is designed to provide high-speed deterministicdistributed control for advanced automotive applications.
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Seminar Automotive Sensors
Chair for Measurement and Sensor TechnologyUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun