Sensing the quantum motion of nanomechanical oscillators Konrad Lehnert Post-docs Tauno Palomaki Joseph Kerckhoff Collaborators John Teufel Cindy Regal Ray Simmonds Kent Irwin Graduate students Jennifer Harlow Reed Andrews Hsiang-Shen Ku William Kindel Adam Reed
47
Embed
Sensing the quantum motion of nanomechanical oscillators › ... › bpa_067262.pdf · Sensing the quantum motion of nanomechanical oscillators Konrad Lehnert Post-docs Tauno Palomaki
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Sensing the quantum motion of nanomechanical oscillators
Konrad Lehnert Post-docs Tauno Palomaki Joseph Kerckhoff Collaborators John Teufel Cindy Regal Ray Simmonds Kent Irwin
Graduate students Jennifer Harlow Reed Andrews Hsiang-Shen Ku William Kindel Adam Reed
Precision measurement tools were once mechanical oscillators
Huygens pendulum clock The Cavendish balance for weighing the earth
Modern measurement tools exploit optics and electronics, not mechanics
Imag
e: C
undi
ff la
b JI
LA
Laser light electricity
Optical and electrical measurement tools: Large dynamic range
Compact, high-Q mechanical oscillators are ubiquitous in information technology
Quartz crystal oscillator: in everything electronic
Surface acoustic wave filters: In radios, tuners, mobile phones
Applications: Timing and filtering
1 mm
Q ~ 100,000
sound speed << light speed Compact and high-Q oscillators
system
optical or electrical probe
Optical probes are ill-suited to directly measuring many interesting systems
100 nm 100 nm
Systems with:
dense low-energy spectra
nanometer length scales
weak coupling to light
nuclear spins in a virus
electrons in an aluminum ring (Harris lab, Yale)
probe field
mechanical intermediary
Mechanical oscillators enable measurements of non-atomic systems
Systems with:
dense low-energy spectra
nanometer length scales
weak coupling to light
system
Mechanical oscillators are tools that access the nano-world
Mechanical oscillator nanometer probe universal coupling (senses any force)
Optical interferometer detects oscillator motion
Perkins lab, JILA
20 µm
Atomic Force Microscope
nanoscale MRI of a single virus Rugar Lab, IBM
Mechanical oscillators form ultrasensitive, mesoscopic magnetometers
tot 1/20.8 aN/HzfS =
mechanical oscillator
environment
quantum system
Mechanical oscillators as quantum coherent interfaces between incompatible systems
Cleland group UCSB Nature 464, 697-703 (1 April 2010)
Cavity optomechanics: Use radiation pressure for state preparation and measurement
Fabry-Perot cavity with oscillating mirror
( ) ( )† 12
† 12
ˆ ˆc m IH Ha a b b= + ω ++ +ω
† †ˆ ˆˆ ( )I zpH F a ax x bg b= ⋅ = +
Infer motion through optical phase Cool with cavity-retarded radiation force
Aspelmeyer lab, IOQOI, Vienna
~ 2 10 Hzzpgx G≡ π×
Images of cavity optomechanical systems
UCSB: Bouwmeester
ENS: Pinard and Heidmann
Caltech, Painter
EPFL, Kippenberg
Yale, Harris
MIT, Mavalvala
2 1 MHzG ≈ π×
Microwave cavity optomechanics
coupling
cavity
Fabry-Perot cavity LC oscillator
Strategy
Cool environment to Tbath << 1 K
High Q mechanical oscillators
mk
mk
Reduce coupling to the environment by lowering temperature: microwave optomechanics
Microwave “light” in ultralow temperature cryostat
bath 1B
m
k Tγ < Γ ω
Braginsky, V. B., V. P. Mitrofanov, and V. I. Panov, 1981, Sistemi s maloi dissipatsei (Nauka, Moscow) [English translation: Systems with Small Dissipation (University of Chicago, Chicago, 1985)].
Superconducting electromechanics used in resonant mass gravitational wave detectors
Meter sized superconducting cavity with mechanically compliant element
Resonant electromechanics used in surveillance
Soviet passive bug hidden in the United States Seal
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. May 26, 1960 in the UN
Images appear in http://www.spybusters.com/Great_Seal_Bug.html
Wire response
drive frequency (MHz)
Cavity optomechanical system realized from a nanomechanical wire in a resonant circuit