SENSE OF RHYTHM AND TIMING WITH LATIN AMERICAN ...

SENSEOFRHYTHMANDTIMINGWITHLATINAMERICANMUSICDr.AlejandroCremaschiAlejandro.Cremaschi@colorado.eduUniversityofColorado–Boulder

Goals• Discussapproachestoteachingandthinkingrhythm• DemonstrateLatinAmericanpieces

Whatpieces?•  LatinAmericanpiecesinspiredbyfolk• Differentrhythmicenergies•  Fromelegantsalondances•  To“wild”dissonanttoccata-stylepieces

• Mexico,Cuba,Brazil,Argentina• AvailableintheUS

Whatcanyoulearn?•  Embodiedrhythm.Strongsenseofpulse• Differentrhythmicenergies• Direction•  Syncopation•  Irregularrhythmicgroupings•  Layeringofrhythms•  Effectivemanagementofstamina•  Flexibility

Thinkingrhythm•  Firstthingweteach:steadypulseandcountingrhythm•  Countingandclapping•  Unit•  Metric•  Kodaly’s“ti-ti-ta-ta”

1111and111231231and23123tatatatititatata-ah-ah

Rhythmicwords• Useofrhythmicwordstohelpinternalization•  Walkq •  Whole-note-hold-it!w •  Half-noteh •  Mountainee •  Coloradoxxxx •  Buffaloxxe •  Blueberrye xx •  Rabbite. x •  Pineapple(triplets)eee

Teachingrhythm•  SightreadingandRhythmEveryDay.HelenMarlais&KevinOlson.FJH• Dictationfromearlyon•  xxxxxxxx•  123|123|123||

Rhythmicperformance•  Clapandcount(using“and”,etc.)• Marching&stompingthebeat•  Conductingthebeat(“rhythmicsolfege”)•  Scattingwithdirection

Direction•  Rhythm+dynamicshape+accents=IT’SALIVE!!!!•  “Buildingblocks”atthemicrolevelmicrolevelhavedirection•  Largescaledirection

Organicrhythm•  Thegrid• Organicrhythm•  Breathes•  Hasdirection•  Hasshape

Direction•  PedrodeAlcantara.IntegratedPractice:Coordination,RhythmandSound.OxfordUniversityPress.•  Buildingblocksresultofthreetypesofenergy:•  Preparation(p)•  STRESS(S)•  Release(r)

Differentcombinations•  Iambic pS(toBEorNOTtoBE)•  Trochaic Sr(NE-ver,NE-ver,NE-ver)• Dactylus Srr(WA-shing-ton)• Amphibrach pSr(ba-NA-na)• Anapest ppS(gotoHERE)

Groupingrhythm

Groupingrhythm

DanzaCriolla.Ginastera

FromTwelveAmericanPreludes.

DanzaCriolla.Ginastera

FromTwelveAmericanPreludes.

LatinAmericanmusic• Danceandsongs• Origins•  Spanish/Portuguese•  African•  Indigenous

LatinAmericanmusic• Habanerarhythmasoriginofmany2/4dances•  Tango,milonga,candombe,danza,danzon,cha-cha-cha,mambo,guaracha,maxixe,reggaeton,cumbia

•  Samba,choro•  StrongAfricanelements

•  Polka• Waltz

Habanera

Habanera2

Salsa

•  Showtangoandmilong

LatinAmericanmusic•  6/8danceswithhemiolas•  Chacarera,zamba,sonjarocho,malambo,huapango,cueca

• Multiplelayersofrhythm•  Layerswithdifferentaccentandgroupingsplacements

Chacarera

TEMPOFLEXIBILITY

Rubato/tempoflexibility• MarvinBlickenstaff’s“bodycopycat”•  LivingmetronomeexerciseonaCscale(Alcantara)

Rubato/tempoflexibility• Oraltradition•  Canbeexplained:•  “Pullback”thetempo:

1.  “Edges”ofaphrase(beginning/end)2.  Specialharmonicmoment(e.g.modechange)3.  Melodicjump4.  Climaxandarrival(broadening)

•  “Pushforward”tempo1.  Tobuildexcitement(e.g.sequences),oftenleadingtoclimax2.  When“singer”is“quiet”(transitions)

Tempoflexibility• Useintuition• Avoidbeingpredictable•  Experiment:thereareoftenseveralways

AlbertoGinastera1916-1983

DanzadelaMozaDonosafromDanzasArgentinas(ArgentineanDances)#6

ManuelM.Ponce1886-1948

IntermezzoNo.2#3

CarlosGuastavino’smusic•  Sonatina•  “MisAmigos”–suiteforyoungpianists•  CantilenasArgentinas•  TresSonatinas•  LaSiesta

•  ELKINMUSIC:ElkinMusic.com(clickon“completecatalogue”)

GRACEANDDIRECTIONSalondances

Salondances•  Buoyantbutelegantenergy•  Syncopation•  Cleardirection•  Tempostability

Salondances• OftensubtleAfricaninfluence•  Habanera,tango,choro,maxixe,samba,etc•  Syncopation•  Slightlyaccentedoftenagainstthe“grid”

Salondances•  Contemporarypedagogicalpieces•  CatherineRollin.DancingontheKeysseries•  Gillock•  Vandall•  Alexander•  Wynn-AnneRossi•  EugenieRocherolle

Salondances•  LatinAmericanquasi-classicalcomposers•  Nazareth(Brazil)•  Cervantes,Lecuona(Cuba)•  MorelCampos(PuertoRico)•  Piazzolla(Argentina)

•  LatinAmerican“classical”composers•  Villa-Lobos,Lorenzo-Fernandez,Ginastera,etc

MyeditionsforSuperScore•  SuperScore:FreeappforiPad(sheetmusicandrecordingforafew$$$)

•  Cremaschi’seditionsof:•  TangosbyNazareth•  TraditionalArgentinetangos(Cumparsita,ElChoclo)•  Moresalonpiecessoon!

Wynn-AnneRossi

FromMusicaLatinaVolume1#16

Wynn-AnneRossi

FromMusicaLatinaVolume1#16

HeitorVilla-Lobos

Sacy,fromPetizada#13

ErnestoLecuona1895-1963

“Lacomparsa,”fromAfro-CubanDances#18

ErnestoNazaret1863-1934

Odeon,fromTangosandBrazilianDances#15

ErnestoNazareth

Brejeiro,formTangosandBrazilianDances#15

AstorPiazzolla

VeranoPorteño#19

IRREGULARMETERS

Irregularmeters• Definitelynotfromdance!• Ofteninspiredby“imaginedmusic”ofancientindigenouspeopleoftheAmericas• Newmusicinthe1940s•  Sometimesneoclassic

AlbertoGinastera

IntheFirstPentatonicMode,fromTwelveAmericanPreludes#24

JuanJoséMoncayo

No.1ofTresPiezas#25

AlbertoGinastera

Coda,fromSuitedeDanzasCriollas(SuiteofCreoleDances)#26

CROSS-RHYTHMS

Cross-rhythms•  Somehabanera-influenceddances•  Triplets•  Severalexamplesinthedanceanthologies

LuisJGonzález

Habanera(fromFiestasandDances)#28

AlbertoGinastera

Milonga#27

GROUPINGSANDRHYTHMICLAYERINGLatinAmericaatitsessence

Groupingandlayering•  3+3+2•  Layeringofdifferentgroupings• Origin:Africanpercussionensembles

OscarLorenzo-Fernandez

DancingYaya,no.1fromYayatheDoll#31

HeitorVilla-Lobos

Caboclinha,fromProledoBebe(Baby’sfamily)no.1#32

TOCCATA-STYLEWRITINGAudiencerouser

Toccata-style•  Excitingwriting• Usesenergeticfolkdancerhythms•  Teach:•  Stamina•  Climaxbuilding•  Efficientuseofenergy•  Directionandforward-motion

Toccata-style•  Formomentumanddirection•  Don’toverplayfortedynamics•  Wheneverpossible,understatenotesbetweenbeatsandbringoutbeat

•  Findreleasepoints•  Betteronthedryside,lesspedal

HeitorVilla-Lobos

Punch,fromBaby’sfamily(Proledobebe)#39

AlbertoGinastera

HomagetoGarciaMorillo,fromTwelveAmericanPreludes#37

OscarLorenzo-Fernandez

Dance(Caterete),fromSecondBrazilianDance.#40

Ginastera

Malambo#41

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