Sensation and Perception II Perception of Time
Sensation and Perception II Perception of Time. FUNCTIONS telling you duration processes that need time mathematical integration (m/s/s -> m/s) motion.
Dec 18, 2015
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Sensation and Perception II
Perception of Time
FUNCTIONS
telling you durationprocesses that need time
mathematical integration (m/s/s -> m/s)motion (m/s)use of motion (time to contact)
telling you when to go to bedsynchronizing mating (to annual cycle)
circadian rythmns light
suprachiasmatic nucleuspinealmelatonin
biological clocktemperature (hot makes it faster)drugs amphetamine --> slower
pentobarbitol --> faster
lesions abolish free-running rythmsactivity related to circadian rythmsisolated suprachiasmatic nucleus still cycles
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
60
65
70
969594
time seems slow
time seems fast
divers
sick wife
right answer
cold hot
perceived time (eg. 60s)
actual time (eg. 100s)
actual time (eg. 40s)
time OVERESTIMATEDeg. when sick, or when something horrid is happening
time UNDERESTIMATEDeg. when cold or when distracted
perceived time (eg. 60s)
actual time (eg. 40s)
time OVERESTIMATEDclock ticks faster
perceived time (eg. 60s)
actual time (eg. 100s)
time UNDERESTIMATEDclock ticks slower
INFORMATION-STORAGE SIZE THEORY
more information, takes longer
ATTENTION THEORY
attention-use temporal properties
more attention-demanding, less you notice time...
more elements -- seems longercomplexity -- seems longerambiguous -- longer than disambiguated
uncompleted more "memorable" and longer
Evidence for INFORMATION-STORAGE SIZE
perceived time (eg. 60s)
actual time (eg. 100s)
actual time (eg. 40s)
time OVERESTIMATED-- more elements
time UNDERESTIMATED-- less elements
INFORMATION STORAGETHEORY
"When a man sits with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute. But let him sit on a hot stove for a minute and it's longer than any hour. That's relativity!"
Albert Einstein
Journal of Exothermic Science and Technology (JEST, Vol. 1, No. 9; 1938).
"Estimate when 20 secs has passed"
reading recalling moving speaking noneTim
e es
tim
ated
as
"20
seco
nd
s"
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
(project with Jonathan Shulman)
clock ticks slower
clock ticks faster
reading
recalling
moving
speakingnone
Tim
e a
ctu
all
y p
as
se
d
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
} 20 secs
clock ticks slower
clock ticks faster
Evidence for ATTENTION theory
concentrating -- faster than not concentrating"the watched pot never boils"
clock ticks slower
clock ticks faster
concentrating
not concentrating
perceived time (eg. 60s)
actual time (eg. 100s)
actual time (eg. 40s)
time OVERESTIMATED-- not concentrating
time UNDERESTIMATED-- concentrating
ATTENTIONTHEORY
Aging
• time goes faster• time/lifespan (Weber's law)• clock slowing down?• dopamine depletion?
Space and Time affect each other 1
seemed longeroverestimation
seemed fasterunderestimation
right answer
perceived time (eg. 60s)
actual time (eg. 100s)
actual time (eg. 40s)
time OVERESTIMATED-- small screen-- clocks ticks faster
time UNDERESTIMATED-- big screen-- clock ticks slower
-- All of these represent the same speed (m/s)-- bigger distance -- faster time!
compression of space = compression of time!
Space and Time affect each other 2
Tau effect (effect of time on distance)if it takes longer time between A and B then it seems longer distance
Space and Time affect each other 3
Kappa effect (effect of distance on time)If distance bigger, time between flashes seems longer.
TAU effect (time affects distance)
which distance is longer:
A
Or:
B
KAPPA EFFECT
Which interval seems longer:
A
Or:
B
Summary of Time Perception
Functions: integration/motion/circadian rythms/mating
Biology: light/suprachiasmatic nucleus/pineal/melatonin
Biological clock: temperature/drugs
Theories: information storage/attention
Effects of aging
Space/Time interactions: Tau and Kappa effects
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