SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONbesteducation.co.za/resources/English/Grade-12/... · Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2015 SCE Copyright reserved Please turn over QUESTION 3: ANIMAL

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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 15 pages.

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1

2015

Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2015 SCE


INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1.

This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B.

2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this

question paper.

5. 6. 7.

You may use a non-programmable calculator. Show ALL the calculations, including formulae, where applicable, and round off the answers to TWO decimal places. Write neatly and legibly.



SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 A.

1.1.1 The part of the alimentary canal of the fowl that stores, soaks and

moistens food:

A Crop B Proventriculus C Ventriculus D Cloaca

1.1.2 ... is a solvent and transport medium during the absorption of food

and minerals.

A Bile B Bolus C Duodenal fluid D Water

1.1.3 The regurgitation of food from the reticulorumen into the buccal cavity

is caused by ...

A high acidity in the reticulorumen. B the presence of coarse material in the rumen. C an increase in the number of protozoa. D the accumulation of methane and carbon dioxide gas.

1.1.4 The following could be associated with a stressful condition

experienced by pigs:

A Eating hurriedly B Lying calmly C Belly nibbling D Wallowing in water

1.1.5 Tail docking in sheep is done to ...

A make animals ready for agricultural shows. B improve wool and meat quality directly. C enhance effective mating and prevent blowfly infestation. D improve their ability to digest roughage.



1.1.6 The most recommended precautionary measure when transporting

farm animals:

A Transport male and female animals together B Travel when the roads are not busy and you can travel fast C Transport sheep, goats and cattle together D Ensure the loading/unloading ramps are high and strong enough

1.1.7 The following are examples of bacterial diseases in farm animals:

A Rabies, mastitis and coccidiosis B Tuberculosis, anthrax and mastitis C Swine flu, redwater and lumpy wool D Ringworm, anaplasmosis and mastitis

1.1.8 The process of fertilisation of the ovum by the spermatozoon takes

place in the ...

A Fallopian tube. B cervix. C uterus. D mammary glands.

1.1.9 Oogenesis in animals takes place in the ...

A spermatogonium. B corpus luteum. C oviduct. D ovary.



1.1.10 The organ labelled D in the diagram below contains Sertoli cells

which produce ...

A spermatozoa. B testosterone. C nutrients for the spermatozoa. D libido. (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 B only.

Example: 1.2.6 COLUMN A COLUMN B A: Roughage A feed with a high percentage of TDN B: Concentrate

Answer: 1.2.6 B only

COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 A: Bone meal

Source of vitamin A B: Green lucerne

1.2.2 A: Mites and blowflies External parasites B: Ticks and mites 1.2.3 A: Maize bulb Poisonous plants B: Thorn apple 1.2.4 A: Testosterone Responsible for the development of

secondary masculine sexual characteristics B: Relaxin

1.2.5 A: Perimetrium Embryonic membrane B: Tunica albugenia

(5 x 2) (10)

A

B

C D



1.3 Give ONE word/term/phrase for each of the following descriptions. Write only

the word/term/phrase next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.3.1 A gutter-shaped structure which carries milk from the oesophagus

directly into the abomasum in young lambs

1.3.2 The flora population in the reticulorumen responsible for the

digestion of crude fibre

1.3.3 The colour of the flag or aid attached to a stick or pole to signal

danger when moving animals by road

1.3.4 The process of cell division through which the primary

spermatocytes divide into secondary spermatocytes

1.3.5 The condition whereby twins of the opposite sex develop in the

same uterus of a cow and the female calf is sterile (5 x 2)

(10) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD in each of the following statements to

make the statements TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.4.1 The enlargement of the thyroid gland in pigs is a result of selenium

deficiency.

1.4.2 Pelleting is a process of heating grains to expand it and improve its

palatability.

1.4.3 Prostaglandins are usually added to animal feeds to reduce stress

and promote calmness for a greater feed intake.

1.4.4 Animals not depending on the environmental temperature are

referred to as poikilothermic animals.

1.4.5 The hormone responsible for the release of milk from the udder

is insulin. (5 x 1)

(5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45



SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 The diagram below represents the alimentary canal of a farm animal.

2.1.1 Identify the type of farm animal represented in the diagram above. (1) 2.1.2 Motivate the answer to QUESTION 2.1.1 by naming THREE

structures in the diagram above.

(3)

2.1.3 Write down the letter (A–J) of the part where each of the following occurs: (a) Excretion (b) Microbial fermentation

(c) Mechanical digestion

(1) (1) (1)

2.2 The data below is available to a farmer to formulate a ration for dairy cows in

early lactation.

REQUIRED DIGESTIBLE PROTEIN

VALUE (DP) FEED DIGESTIBLE PROTEIN

VALUE (DP) (%)

17% Maize 9% Soya oilcake 44%

2.2.1 Use the Pearson square method to balance this ration. (3) 2.2.2 Calculate the percentage of maize and soya oilcake that is required in

the ration. Show ALL calculations.

(5)

A

B

C

D

E F

J

G

H I



2.3 The graph below illustrates the production of lucerne over a period of one

year.

2.3.1 Calculate the total quantity of lucerne (kg/DM) required per year if 600 kg of lucerne is required per month.

(2)

2.3.2 Determine from the graph if there will be enough feed for the

animals for a period of one year. Give a reason for the answer.

(2) 2.3.3 Deduce from the graph the month with the highest level of

production.

(1) 2.3.4 Indicate TWO alternative feeds to fulfil the feed requirements of the

animals without selling some of them, in case the farmer does not produce enough lucerne.

(2)

2.4 A sow farrowed ten piglets in a concrete pen. After the piglets were weaned, it

was observed that the piglets suffer from iron deficiency.

2.4.1 What is the appropriate term for an iron deficiency? (1) 2.4.2 List THREE visible signs associated with the condition named in

QUESTION 2.4.1.

(3) 2.4.3 State TWO precautionary measures that could be taken to avoid

this condition in piglets.

(2)

Lucerne production over a period of one year Pr

oduc

tion

(kg/

DM

)

Months of the year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar

.

Apr

.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Aug

.

Sep.

Oct

.

Nov

.

Dec

.



2.5 A concentrate ration was formulated and analysed for dairy cows. This ration

had a composition as indicated in the table below.

DIGESTIBLE PROTEIN (%)

TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS (%)

10 80

2.5.1 Calculate the nutritive ratio of this ration. Show ALL calculations. (4) 2.5.2 Indicate the suitability of this ration to dairy cows. (1) 2.5.3 Give TWO reasons to support the answer to QUESTION 2.5.2. (2)

[35]



QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 Two farmers, FARMER A and FARMER B, have each started an intensive

production venture with young lambs. The lambs are housed in different housing layouts as indicated in the table below.

FARMER A FARMER B Houses are long and narrow Houses are wide Oriented from east to west Faces north Built on a slight slope Built on level ground Cement floors Soil on the floor Dry bedding Becomes muddy when wet

3.1.1 Give a reason why FARMER A used the following housing layouts for

his lambs: (a) Building on a slight slope

(b) Dry bedding

(c) Cement floor

(d) Long narrow houses orientated from east to west

(1)

(1)

(1) (1)

3.1.2 Explain the impact of the following conditions on FARMER B's

production: (a) Housing facing north

(b) Muddy floor

(c) Build on level ground

(2)

(2)

(2) 3.2 The table below indicates the feed consumption and average weight gain for

beef cattle.

AVERAGE FEED CONSUMPTION

(KILOGRAMS PER DAY) AVERAGE WEIGHT GAIN

(GRAMS PER DAY) 1 80 2 160 3 240 4 320 5 400 6 475

3.2.1 Use the data in the table and draw a line graph to indicate the

average feed consumption and average weight gain for beef cattle.

(6) 3.2.2 Deduce from the graph the relationship between feed consumption

and weight gain.

(2)



3.3 The diagram below indicates various stages of the life cycle of a parasite.

3.3.1 Give the name and indicate the type of parasite represented

above.

(2) 3.3.2 Classify the parasite according to its life cycle as indicated in the

diagram above.

(1) 3.3.3 Write down the letter (A–F) that represents each of the following

stages in the life cycle of the parasite in the diagram above: (a) The larvae that hatches from the eggs (b) The nymph that will feed on the second host (c) The tick that will feed on the third host (d) The first host

(1) (1) (1) (1)

3.3.4 Name TWO damaging effects this parasite could have on livestock. (2)

A

B

C

D

E

F



3.4 The arable land on a certain farm is normally used for various crops and

planted pastures, some under irrigation. The irrigated pasture crops are used for dairy cattle and sheep in a feedlot. On the natural pastures, trees are planted and a rotational grazing system with the correct stocking rate is practised with commercial Nguni cattle.

3.4.1 Define the term intensive production system. (2)

3.4.2 Give evidence of TWO intensive production systems in the scenario

above.

(2) 3.4.3 Give TWO reasons for planting trees on natural pastures. (2)

3.4.4 State the scientific term for the farming system practised with the

commercial Nguni cattle.

(1) 3.4.5 Indicate how the feedlot can influence the stock density on the farm. (1)

[35]



QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 The pie chart below represents the oestrus cycle in cows.

4.1.1 Indicate the duration (in days) of the oestrus cycle in non-pregnant

cows.

(1) 4.1.2 Which percentage in the pie chart corresponds with the stage at

which the cow will allow mating with a bull?

(1) 4.1.3 Name the stage and hormone responsible for the condition in

QUESTION 4.1.2.

(2) 4.1.4 Indicate the hormone responsible for each of the following

percentages as represented in the pie chart: (a) 4% (b) 12% (c) 15% (d) 69%

(1) (1) (1) (1)

Stages in the oestrus cycle in cows



4.2 A farmer had four bulls and 100 dairy cows on a farm. Mysteriously, all the

bulls were stolen. The farmer had no money to replace the bulls and therefore started looking for other options. The farmer was advised by an agricultural extension officer to consider using artificial insemination (AI).

4.2.1 Define the term artificial insemination. (3)

4.2.2 State TWO prerequisites for the successful administration of

artificial insemination.

(2) 4.2.3 List THREE dilutants commonly used to dilute semen. (3)

4.2.4 Suggest ONE method a farmer may adopt in order for the cows to

produce offspring without administering AI.

(1) 4.3 Farm animals should be sexually mature and produce healthy and viable

gametes. This should be followed up with the process of mating when the female animals are on heat.

4.3.1 State the FIVE stages of mating in sequential order. (5) 4.3.2 List THREE factors which regulate the mating behaviour of bulls. (3)


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4.4 The illustration below shows the developing embryo in the uterus of a cow.

4.4.1 Write down the letter (A–H) and the name of the structure in the

illustration above that matches each of the following descriptions: (a) The structure that brings blood of the mother and the foetus in

close contact without mixing it (b) The membrane that protects the embryo from shocks and

injuries (c) The membrane surrounding the foetus closest to the uterus of

the mother

(2) (2) (2)

4.4.2 Name THREE functions of the part labelled B. (3) 4.4.3 Name the substance that is enclosed by the membrane labelled A. (1) [35]

TOTAL SECTION B: GRAND TOTAL:

105 150


SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 10 pages.

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1

2015

MEMORANDUM

Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum


SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1

1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 1.1.10

A 99 D 99 B 99 C 99 C 99 D 99 B 99 A 99 D 99 C 99 (10 x 2)

(20)

1.2 1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5

B only 99 Both A and B 99 B only 99 A only 99 None 99 (5 x 2)

(10)

1.3 1.3.1

1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5

Oesophageal groove 99 Bacteria/micro organisms 99 Red 99 Meiosis 99 Freemartin/freemartinism/queen 99 (5 x 2)

(10)

1.4 1.4.1

1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5

Iodine/I 9 Roasting 9 Tranquilisers 9 Homoeothermic/endothermic/warm blooded 9 Oxytocin 9 (5 x 1)

(5)

TOTAL SECTION A 45



SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 The alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Type of farm animal represented by the diagram

Chicken/fowl/poultry/bird 9

(1) 2.1.2 Motivation for the answer

• Crop 9 • Proventriculus/granular/true stomach 9 • Ventriculus/muscular/gizzard 9 • Caeca/blind guts 9 • Cloaca/vent 9 (Any 3)

(3)

2.1.3 Letters of the parts where each of the following occurs (a) Excretion - I 9 (b) Microbial fermentation - G 9 (c) Mechanical digestion - D 9

(1) (1) (1)

2.2 Pearson square method 2.2.1 Pearson square method to balance the ration

Maize 9% 27 parts/27 9 17% 9 Soya oilcake 44% 8 parts/8 9

(3)

2.2.2 Calculations to show the percentage of feeds in a ration

Total: 27 + 8 = 35 9 % Maize: 27 ÷ 35 x 100 9 = 77,14/77% 9 % Soya oilcake: 8 ÷ 35 x 100 9 = 22,86/23% 9

(5)



2.3 Fodder flow programme

2.3.3 Month with the highest production

• December 9

(1)

2.4.1 The appropriate term for this condition

Anaemia 9

(1) 2.4.2

THREE visible symptoms associated with the condition • Diarrhoea 9 • Paleness of the mucus membranes/skin 9 • Loss of appetite/anorexia 9 • Listlessness/appear tired/weakness 9 • Rapid breathing 9 • Loose, wrinkled skin 9 • Swelling of the head/eyes/shoulders 9 (Any 3)

(3)

2.4.3 TWO precautionary measures for this condition

• Iron/Fe-injection 9 • Putting soil sods in the pen 9 • Painting teats with an iron solution/iron sulphate 9 • Supplementing/creep feeding/ration 9 (Any 2)

(2)

2.3.1 Total quantity of lucerne (DM in kg) required per year 600kg x 12 9 = 7 200kg lucerne 9

(2)

2.3.2 Availability of feed for the animals for one year There will not be enough feed 9 Reason Animals require 7 200kg, production is 5 800kg of lucerne/1 400kg deficit/less feed 9

(2)

2.3.4

Alternatives to fulfill feed requirements of the animals • Protein rich supplement/sources 9 • Green fodder 9 • Plant crops to be used as silage 9 • Crop residues to be utilized as stover 9 (Any 2)

(2)

2.4 Piglets in a concrete pen



2.5 Ration formulated for dairy cattle 2.5.1 Calculation of the nutritive ratio

% digestible non-nitrogen substances = TDN – DP

= 80% – 10% = 70 % 9 NR = 1: % DNNS OR NR = 1: %TDN – %DP 9

% DP %DP NR = 1: 70% 9

10% NR = 1:7 9

(4)

2.5.2

2.5.3

Suitability of ration • Unsuitable/not suitable 9

TWO reasons for the answer • NR is wider than 1:6 9 • Protein content is too low 9

(1) (2) [35]



QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 FARMER A and FARMER B have each started an intensive production

venture with young lambs

3.1.1 Reason for the housing layouts of FARMER A

(a) Building on a slight slope • Water can run off 9

(b) Dry bedding • Protect animals against cold 9

(c) Cemented floor • Easy to clean/hygienic conditions/avoid mud when wet 9

(d) Long building with long axis facing east • Warmer in winter/cooler in summer 9

(1) (1) (1) (1)

3.1.2 The impact on production for FARMER B:

(a) House facing north direction • Very hot in summer 9 • Warm in winter 9

(b) Muddy floor • Foot diseases 9 • Hygienic problems 9 • Parasite infestation 9 (Any 2)

(c) Build on level ground • Water cannot run off/poor drainage/stagnation of water 9 • Muddy/unhygienic conditions 9

(2)

(2) (2)



3.2 Graph on feed consumption and weight gain for beef cattle 3.2.1 Line graph on average feed consumption/average weight gain

Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines

• Correct heading 9 • X axis - correctly calibrated and labelled (Feed consumption) 9 • Y axis - correctly calibrated and labelled (Weight gain) 9 • Correct units (kg/day and g/day) 9 • Accuracy 9 • Line graph 9

(6)

3.2.2

The relationship between feed consumption and weight gain • Weight gain is directly proportional to feed consumption 99

OR • The higher the feed consumed the higher/greater the weight

gain/vice versa 99

(2)

3.3 Various stages of the life cycle of a parasite 3.3.1 Name and type of parasite represented

• Bont tick 9 • External/ecto parasite 9

(2)

3.3.2 Classification of the type of parasite according to the life cycle

Three-host parasite 9

(1) 3.3.3 Letters representing the stages in the life cycle of the parasite:

(a) The larvae that hatches from the eggs - B 9 (b) The nymph feeding on the second host - D 9 (c) Ticks feeding on the third host - E 9 (d) The first host - C 9

(1) (1) (1) (1)

0

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6

Aver

age

wei

ght g

ain

(g/d

ay)

Average feed consumption (kg/day)

Average weight gain and the average feed consumption of cattle



3.3.4

TWO damaging effects this parasite has on livestock • Damage the skin/teats/genitals 9 • Lowering the resistance of the host 9 • Anaemia as a result of blood sucked from the host 9 • Transmission of diseases 9 • Death 9 • General deterioration 9 • Irritation 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4 Scenario on an integrated production system 3.4.1 Definition of intensive production system

• Small area with lots of animals 9 • Human and technological involvement and intervention 9 • High production in/outputs 9 • Independent from nature 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4.2 Evidence of TWO intensive production systems

• Irrigation 9 • Feedlot 9 • Planted pastures 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4.3

TWO reasons for planting trees on the natural pastures • Protect animals against extreme environmental conditions

(sunlight/heat/radiation/cold/wind/rain) 9 • Provide shade 9 • Provide shelter/protection 9 • Feeding/nutrition 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4.4 Scientific term for the farming system

• Extensive production system 9

(1) 3.4.5 Influence of feedlot on the stock density

• Stock density will go up/increase/improve/become more 9

(1) [35]



QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The pie chart is a representation of the oestrus cycle in cows 4.1.1 Duration of the oestrus cycle in non-pregnant cows

• 18 - 24 days 9

(1) 4.1.2 Percentage which corresponds with the stage at which the

cow will mate with a bull • 4% 9

(1)

4.1.3 Stage and hormone responsible for the condition

• Oestrus 9 • Oestrogen 9

(2)

4.1.4 The hormone responsible for each of the following

percentages: (a) 4% - Oestrogen 9 (b) 12% - Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH 9 (c) 15% - Luteinising hormone/LH 9 (d) 69% - Progesterone 9

(1) (1) (1) (1)

4.2 Artificial insemination

4.2.1 Definition of artificial insemination

• The collection of semen from the bull and 9 • Placing of the semen into the reproductive canal of a cow 9 • Leading to the fertilisation without natural mating 9

(3)

4.2.2

TWO prerequisites for the successful artificial insemination • Cows must be in oestrus/heat 9 • AI must take place on the correct point in oestrus/timing 9 • Use healthy/uninfected/viable semen 9 • Used sterilized instruments 9 • Done by qualified person/personnel/correct technique 9

(Any 2)

(2)


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4.2.3 THREE dilutants commonly used to dilute semen

• Milk 9 • Fructose/glucose (nutrients) 9 • Egg yolk 9 • Lipids 9 • Glycerol 9 • Buffers/sodium citrate 9 • Antibiotics/penicillin 9 (Any 3)

(3)

4.2.4

ONE other method for his cows to produce offspring • Cloning 9 • Natural mating 9 (Any 1)

(1)

4.3 The process of mating

4.3.1 FIVE stages of mating in sequential order

• Courtship/Sexual attraction 9 • Mounting 9 • Copulation/intromission 9 • Ejaculation 9 • Dismounting 9

(5)

4.3.2 THREE factors regulating mating behavior among bulls

• Genetic make-up 9 • Environmental factors 9 • Physiological factors 9 • Health 9 • Experience 9 (Any 3)

(3)

4.4 Developing embryo

4.4.1 Identification of letters and the names of parts:

(a) G 9 Placenta 9 (b) A 9 Amnion 9 (c) F 9 Chorion 9

(2) (2) (2)

4.4.2 THREE functions of the part B (Amniotic fluid)

• Shock absorber 9 • Allow movement of foetus 9 • Regulates temperature 9 • Lubricates birth canal 9 • Prevents desiccation of foetus 9 (Any 3)

(3)

4.4.3 The substance that is enclosed by the membrane labelled A

• Amniotic fluid 9

(1) [35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONbesteducation.co.za/resources/English/Grade-12/... · Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2015 SCE Copyright reserved Please turn over QUESTION 3: ANIMAL

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