Seminars in Practical Church History - amosyang.netamosyang.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/churchhistorypart3... · Seminars in Practical Church History Part 3: The 20th Century ...
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
• International Council on Biblical Inerrancy (1977)
• Battle over feminism in 1970s • Complementarian: Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
• Egalitarian: Full embracement of women in all roles
• Many other issues…
13
Fundamentalism and evangelicalism
14
Fundamentalism Evangelicalism
Top priorities Holiness and purity Evangelism and engagement
Defending the truth Love
View of world Disdain Varied, including acceptance
Tries to emphasize Whole Bible Gospel
Known for Fighting over doctrine Occasional controversy, love
Relating to others Separation from unfaithful Collaboration with others
Evangelistic method Proclamational Relational
View of scholarship Suspicion, rejection Embracement, pursuit
View of social justice Suspicion, de-emphasis Varied but mostly embracement
Political orientation Conservative Varied
Political participation Apathetic Activism
Fundamentalism and evangelicalism
15
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism Evangelicalism
a.k.a. “Neo-evangelicalism”
Inerrancy Infallibility
Mainline / Liberal /Modernist
Early 1900s
1950s
1960s
Evangelicalism
16
RomanCatholicism
EasternOrthodox
TheMasters
Seminary
GraceTheologicalSeminary
TyndaleTheologicalSeminary
GraceCommunity
Church
Traditional
DallasTheologicalSeminary
TalbotTheologicalSeminary
MoodyBible
Institute
Progressive
Dispensationalism
CovenantTheologicalSeminary
WestminsterTheologicalSeminary
PresbyterianChurch
of America(PCA)
Reformed(covenantal) theology
TrinityEvangelical
DivinitySchool
EvangelicalFree
Churchof America
LutheranChurchMissouriSynod
Other
Conservative"Inerrancy"
FullerTheological Seminary
EvangelicalFormosan
Church
Moderate"Infallibility"
Evangelical
PrincetonTheologicalSeminary
UnionTheologicalSeminary
PresbyterianChurch
of the USA(PCUSA)
UnitedMethodistChurch
EvangelicalLutheranChurch
of America
Anglicanand
EpiscopalChurch
ReformedChurch
of America
Mainline
Protestantism
"Christianity"
Fundamentalism and evangelicalism
• Lessons: • Many (if not most) movements in Christianity are
reactionary movements
• Rarely does a movement given thought to the long-term consequences of its inception
• Often the reaction to an error is an overreaction
• Present faithfulness never guarantees future faithfulness
17
Pentecostalism and the Charismatic movement
• Current day numbers: • Over 523 million Pentecostal and charismatic
Christians in world
• By far fastest growing segment of Christianity • In some parts of world, growing 9-15 times faster than
historic churches
• Often the dominant type of Christianity in various regions: • Chile: >80% of evangelicals are Pentecostal
• Brazil: >70% of evangelicals are Pentecostal
• Majority of African and Latin American Christians
18
Pentecostalism
• Foundation: Wesleyan “second-blessing theology” • First blessing: Conversion
• Second blessing: Entire sanctification (after which a believer will no longer deliberately sin)
• a.k.a. “Christian perfectionism”
19
sanctification
time
Conversion, “first blessing” Spirit baptism,
“second blessing” entire sanctification
Pentecostalism
• Beginnings: • Charles Fox Parham (1873-1929)
• Itinerant evangelist in holiness movement
• Established Bethel Bible College (BBC) in Topeka, Kansas (1900)
• Promoted holiness movement teachings and faith healing
20
Pentecostalism
• Beginnings: • Parham gave his students an assignment:
• Ponder Acts 2:38
• What is the gift of the Holy Spirit?
• What is the evidence of the gift of the Holy Spirit?
• Students equipped with only a concordance and no exegetical guidance
• Students concluded that speaking in tongues was the evidence of Holy Spirit’s descent upon someone • In sharp contrast with widespread and long-held belief of
orthodox church that gift of tongues had ceased in 1st century
21
Pentecostalism
• Beginnings: • Students at BBC prayed for
“gift of the Holy Spirit” • 1/1/1901
• Student Agnes Ozman began speaking Chinese at 11 p.m. • Reportedly could speak and write
no English but only Chinese for three days
• Never objectively verified that Ozman’s Chinese was actually Chinese
22
Pentecostalism
• Beginnings: • Parham and his 33 other students soon began speaking
Swedish in this new “Pentecost” • This “Swedish” was also never verified
• Bethel Bible College closed in 1901
• This “Pentecostal” experience spread quickly • By 1906, 13,000+ people had spoken in tongues
• By 1909, 50,000+ people had received the gift
• Video clips: Speaking in tongues
23
Pentecostalism
• Beginnings: • William Joseph Seymour
• Early convert to Pentecostalism in 1906
• African-American holiness preacher
• Led meetings at The Apostolic Faith Mission on 312 Azusa St. of Los Angeles.
• The Azusa Street Revival (1906-1909) was the result of Seymour’s meetings • These were responsible for the rapid spread
of the new Pentecostalism
• Remarkably and uniquely racially integrated
24
Pentecostalism
The Apostolic Faith Mission at 312 Azusa St. in Los Angeles
25
Pentecostalism
26
Pentecostalism
27
Pentecostalism
• Select characteristics of Pentecostalism: • Highly experiential rather than theoretical emphasis
• Historically has appealed powerfully to poor and less educated people of world
• Emphases on: • Speaking in tongues as sign of baptism by Holy Spirit
• Supernatural divine healing as right of believers
• Handout: Assemblies of God Fundamental Truths
28
Pentecostalism
• Select Pentecostal denominations today: • Assemblies of God (57 million)
• The Church of God (6 million)
• The Church of God in Christ (5.5 million)
• International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (5 million) • The Church on the Way (Van Nuys, CA)
• United Pentecostal Church International (4 million) • Denies Trinity (heretical)
• Oneness theology (a.k.a “Apostolic”)
29
Charismatic Movement
• Grew out of the Pentecostal movement in 1960s. • a.k.a. “Neo-Pentecostalism”
• Occurred largely when Pentecostalism began influencing existing denominations • Most effective at infiltrating mainline denominations and
Catholic church
• Has impacted essentially every denomination
• Jesus People movement began in 1967 • Comprised largely of hippies formerly addicted to
drugs who became Christians
• Led largely by Calvary Chapel and Chuck Smith
30
Charismatic Movement
• Distinction from Pentecostalism: • Pentecostalism emphasizes for all Christians two issues:
Speaking in tongues and divine healing (see above)
• Charismatic movement emphasizes all the supernatural “sign” spiritual gifts: • Word of wisdom
• Word of knowledge
• Healing and miracles
• Discerning spirits
31
• Speaking in tongues
• Interpretation of tongues
• Prophecy
Charismatic Movement
• Distinction from Pentecostalism: • Pentecostalism sometimes has emphasis on holiness
absent from charismatic churches
• Video clip: Being “drunk with the Spirit”
32
Charismatic Movement
• Word of Faith movement: • Teachings:
• God wants everyone to be healthy and wealthy
• Obtaining health and wealth achieved by acts of faith and by declaring by faith these realities to be true
• a.k.a. • “Positive confession”
• “Faith message”
• “Prosperity gospel”
• Famous proponents: Kenneth Hagin, Kenneth Copeland
33
• “Health and wealth gospel”
• “Name-it-and-claim-it theology”
Charismatic Movement
• Other influential charismatic organizations: • Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN)
• Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN)
• Oral Roberts University
• Select influential charismatic churches: • Vineyard Christian Fellowship
• Sovereign Grace Ministries • C.J. Mahaney
• Joshua Harris
34
Charismatic Movement
• Other select famous American charismatic leaders: • Pat Robertson
• Jimmy Bakker
• Jimmy Swaggert
• Charismatic movement particularly successful in missions to lower socio-economic contexts: • Africa
• Latin America
• Asia
35
• John Wimber
• Peter Wagner
Charismatic Movement
• Handout: Timeline, part 2 by Jim Ayres
• Sermons in GOC archives by Amos Yang • “Healing and Miracles”: Sept 6, 2007
• “Speaking on Tongues”: Sept 13, 2007
• Be sure to obtain slides from Amos before listening to sermons (due to amount of material covered)
36
Lessons
• Poor exegesis can have huge consequences
• Popularity does not make a perspective true
• Lack of education and Bible training makes people particularly vulnerable to merely experiential religion
• Few things in Christianity are entirely good or entirely bad. Most things are a mixed bag.
37
Discussion
1. Discuss: • What thoughts, comments, or reactions do you have to
tonight’s material? • What exposure have you previously had to the
charismatic movement? • Do you think we should be fundamentalist? Or neo-
evangelical?
2. Share prayer requests and close in prayer for one another.
3. After closing in prayer, please fill out a class evaluation before you leave!