SEMINAR-REPORT-ON-PLCC.ppt

ASEMINAR ON PRACTICAL TRAININGTAKEN ATLINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION 220KV GSS HEERAPURA , JAIPUR Jaipur Engineering College and Research centre

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Ms. Ritu Vyas Shubham Kumar Gupta ELECTRONICS & COMM. 7TH SEMESTER (ECE) DEPARTMENT 12EJCEC920

INTRODUCTION OF R.S.E.B

INTRODUCTION OF PLCC

PLC REGULATIONS

WAVETRAPS

LIGHTNING ARRESTER

ADVANTAGES OF PLCC

DISADVANTAGES OF PLCC

RSEB started from 1 July 1957

It is a big organization and it function under provision electricity act

The aim of RSEB is to supply electricity to entire Rajasthan state in most economical way

The target of board is to distribute energy in new areas as possible

POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

Power line carrier communication has been found to

be the most economical and reliable method for

communication medium and long distance in a power

distance.

To cope up with ever increasing size of power gridNeed for economic and reliable means of intercommunication between various generating station, substation and control roomAvoid dependence of busy telephone lines

Voice signal modulated on carrier frequency and transmitted on power lineNo need for lying separate cable for transmissionIntegrates transmission of voice and data through same lineAllows flow of information through same cording which supplies electrical power

Two biggest problems- 1)Excessive Noise Level 2) Cable Attenuation

Noise and disturbance includes-over voltages, under voltages, frequency variation and so on.Most harmful noise for PLCC is that superimposed on power linesSwitching device such as light dimmers, induction motors and television cause such superimposed noise.

For PLCC to operate reliably it must be able to avoid, or cope up with different type of noise encountered which exist at different frequencies at unpredictable timesFREQUENCY HOPING- It is a spread spectrum communication technique meaning that the total available spectrum is split up into smaller sections so as to be better utilized.

Private-user communications must occur in the bandwidth 95-150kHz. Within this bandwidth, the section from 125-140kHz is reserved for devices that use unique addreassing schemes. Such schemes avoid possible interference from neighboring PLCC devices. PLCC devices should operate at a maximum transmitted power of 500mW. This limitation is for many reasons, some chiefly being so as to avoid possible radio-frequency interference problems, and neighboring device interference

WAVE TRAPSWave traps (WTs) are used between the transmission line and the power stations to avoid carrier power dislocation in the power plant and cross talk with other power line carrier circuits connected to the same power station. WTs also ensure proper operating conditions and signal levels at the PLCC transmit receive equipment irrespective of switching conditions of the power circuits and equipment in the station.

A wave trap must satisfy the following requirements:1) It must block the carrier currents. By blocking, we mean that the track should attenuate the H.F. signals by at least 8 to 10 dB. 2) It must carry the power frequency current safely during normal operation as well as during short circuit fault conditions.

The basic arrangement of connecting the Wave trap and coupling capacitor in PLCC communication is shown in the figure below

The ground wires running over the towers provides an adequate protection against lighting called L.A.

It reduced the induced electrostatic or electromagnetic voltage.

A good light arrester must pass the following properties:

1:It should not absorb any current during normal operation, but during over voltage surge it must provide an easy way to the earth.

2:After the over voltage discharge, it must be capable of interrupting the normal frequency of current from flowing to ground as soon as voltages reaches below break down value.

Internet accessTelephonyAMR( automated meter readings)Home automationHome securityVideo conferencing

The electric grids are modern, well maintained, and far superior to any of the wired communications networks. There are more electrical customers than telephone, cable, and other wired communications customers together. The backbone of the Internet as well as the long distance telephone lines are all fiber optic cables which can carry a signal for only 20 miles, without regeneration, coaxial cable 15 miles and copper telephone wire 5 miles. Signals over the power grid can travel more than 2000 miles without regeneration. The analog spread spectrum waves have much greater bandwidths or carrying capacity than the digital switched systems. Another inherent advantage to the Digital Power line model is the fact that it works well over the existing electric power infrastructure. Only the substation server equipment and customer conditioning/service units need to be installed in order to establish a Digital Power line network.

PLC has a number of new applications as Broadband PLCMicrowave TechnologyFrequency conditioned power networking

Developed a low cost reliable means of transmitting data, voice and video at high speeds using the infrastructure of electrical power grids and existing utility providersElectrical power grid is most widespread, maintained worldwide network which provide economical broadband and LAN to every customer that has an electrical outlet

Used to pull data through magnetic field created by AC flowing through electrical powerModulating signals onto magnetic field allow to transmit signal through transformer over high voltage electrical transmission and distribution lines at speed up to 2.5 GB per secondMicrowave signals propagated onto mag.flux field can travel up to 2000 miles without regeneration. This allows the electrical grid to carry these communication services at near light speed

Send over a billion bit of data per second over electrical power linesIt breaks the signals into multiple streams, each of which is pulled across the magnetic field in power grid.Special receivers combine mini streams of data back into original data configuration.

Offers right balance of cost, convenience and speedIt gives high speed internet access through electrical networksLower costs are achieved because the service is implemented on standard electrical lines and is already connected to almost all residence and business through electrical linesIt speed would be 1Mbps, 20 times faster then a standard modem connectionNo need for bulky apparatus associated with wireless access.

New power line technology would provide data at almost 10 times the speed of fastest connections currently available to home usersThe new rate would be 1 Mbps The flat rate price of most customer is 20 to 30 pound a month but the tap card cost nearly 150 to 200 pound per month.

Tests in PLC have been carried out in 20 countries in around 1500 residences. The mapping of results has been extremely positive and forecasts a great demand for the system Digital power technology is definitely an exciting alternative to connect internet via phone and modem. Though this technology is not commercially available yet, it should be available over other broadband technologies due to relatively low cost of its local loop. Moreover, its high speed will provide internet access, local phone, and long distance service to customers