Department of Civil Engineering B.Tech. Seminar Report 2016 1 Universal Engineering College 1. INTRODUCTION Modular building and modular homes are sectional prefabricated building or houses that consist of multiple modules or section which are manufactured in a remote facility and the delivered to their site of use. These modules are assembled into a single residential building using either by a crane or trucks. Modular building has a wide variety of uses. They will either be used for long term temporary or permanent facilities. Such uses include construction camps, schools and classroom, civilians and military housing needs and industrial facilities. Modular buildings are a perfect solution in remote and rural areas where conventional construction may not be reasonable or even possible. Other uses have also been found for modular buildings include churches healthcare facilities and retail offices, fast food restaurants etc. At this time modular home today can be built to any specification and any size from a simple one to a complex one. One of the big advantages of modular construction is that it is very rapid and it tends to be less expensive than a site-build structure. Manufactures are not limited by issues like inclement weather and because they have a great deal of experience, they can put structure together quickly and well. And they tend to be more earthquake and weather resistance than site build structure. Modular construction concepts can be applied for all types of buildings such as offices, commercial, residential, hotels and much more. Recently, modular construction was used in the high rise buildings. As shown in the case studies, modular construction can save time in the construction schedule and therefore may result in savings. Also, the generation of construction waste is reduced on-site due to the off-site prefabricated modules being transported to the site fully fitted out, hoisted and assembled. 2. ADVANTAGES OF MODULAR BUILDING Modular buildings are very affordable because of the factory construction of these buildings. They are cost effective compared to conventional construction. These units are typically constructed in an enclosed facility; therefore weather is not a factor in the construction timeline. Material delivery fees are also out of the equation because an ample amount of material will always be available at the facility, as opposed to being
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Department of Civil Engineering B.Tech. Seminar Report 2016
1 Universal Engineering College
1. INTRODUCTION
Modular building and modular homes are sectional prefabricated building or houses that
consist of multiple modules or section which are manufactured in a remote facility and
the delivered to their site of use. These modules are assembled into a single residential
building using either by a crane or trucks. Modular building has a wide variety of uses.
They will either be used for long term temporary or permanent facilities. Such uses
include construction camps, schools and classroom, civilians and military housing needs
and industrial facilities. Modular buildings are a perfect solution in remote and rural areas
where conventional construction may not be reasonable or even possible. Other uses have
also been found for modular buildings include churches healthcare facilities and retail
offices, fast food restaurants etc. At this time modular home today can be built to any
specification and any size from a simple one to a complex one.
One of the big advantages of modular construction is that it
is very rapid and it tends to be less expensive than a site-build structure. Manufactures are
not limited by issues like inclement weather and because they have a great deal of
experience, they can put structure together quickly and well. And they tend to be more
earthquake and weather resistance than site build structure. Modular construction
concepts can be applied for all types of buildings such as offices, commercial, residential,
hotels and much more. Recently, modular construction was used in the high rise
buildings. As shown in the case studies, modular construction can save time in the
construction schedule and therefore may result in savings. Also, the generation of
construction waste is reduced on-site due to the off-site prefabricated modules being
transported to the site fully fitted out, hoisted and assembled.
2. ADVANTAGES OF MODULAR BUILDING
Modular buildings are very affordable because of the factory construction of these
buildings. They are cost effective compared to conventional construction. These units are
typically constructed in an enclosed facility; therefore weather is not a factor in the
construction timeline. Material delivery fees are also out of the equation because an
ample amount of material will always be available at the facility, as opposed to being
Department of Civil Engineering B.Tech. Seminar Report 2016
2 Universal Engineering College
delivered in limited quantities to the job site, nearly eliminating construction delays, and
theft of building materials from the site.
Such dwellings are often priced lower than their site-built counterparts and are typically
more cost-effective to builders and consumers. Homes can be constructed in less time
than it takes to build a home "on-site."
Manufacturers cite the following reasons for the typically lower cost/price of these
dwellings:
Speed of Construction/Faster Return on Investment: Modular construction allows for
the building and the site work to be completed simultaneously, reducing the overall
completion schedule by as much as 50%.
Indoor Construction: Assembly is independent of weather, which increases work
efficiency and avoids damaged building material.
Favourable Pricing from Suppliers: Large-scale manufacturers can effectively
bargain with suppliers for discounts on materials.
Ability to Service Remote Locations: Particularly in countries such as Australia there
can be much higher costs to build a site-built house in a remote area or an area
experiencing a construction boom such as mining towns. Modular homes can be built
in major towns and sold to regional areas.
Low Waste: With the same plans being constantly built, the manufacturer has records
of exactly what quantities of materials are needed for a given job. While waste from
a site-built dwelling may typically fill several large dumpsters, construction of a
modular dwelling generates much less waste.
Environmentally Friendly Construction Process: Modular construction reduces waste
and site disturbance compared to site-built structures.
Flexibility: Conventional buildings can be difficult to extend, however with a
modular building you can simply add sections, or even entire floors.
3. CONSTRUCTION OF MODULAR BUILDING
Modular components are typically constructed indoors on assembly lines. An assembly
line track moves the modules from one workstation to the next. Initially the panels for
floors, roofs, walls and ceilingsareall produced flat for both efficiency and safety."Flow
Line" principles are employed in the factory, the floors and bathroom pods are brought
2. ADVANTAGES OF MODULAR BUILDING ...................................................................................................................1
3. CONSTRUCTION OF MODULAR BUILDING ...............................................................................................................2
3.1 COLLECTIO N OF MATERIAL.................................................................................................................................3
3.2 FABRICATIO N OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS ..................................................................................................4
3.4 TRANSPORTED TO THE SITE............................................................................................................................5
3.5 MODULAR HOUSE ASSEMBLED ON SITE............................................................................................................6
4. INSPECTIO N AND QUALITY CO NTRO L .......................................................................................................................7
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF MODULAR BUILDINGS ..........................................................................................................8
5.1. BUILDING STRENGTH ...........................................................................................................................................8
5.2 DURABILITY AND LIFE CYCLE OF MODULAR CO NSTRUCTION ......................................................................9
5.3 COST AND TIME SAVINGS ................................................................................................................................ 10
5.4 SURFACES AND FINISHES ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.5. CE MARKING ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
6. APPLICATION OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTIO N IN HIGH- RISE BUILDINGS...................................................... 12
6.1 SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE MODULES .................................................................................................. 12
6.1.2 STRUCTURAL ACTION OF TALL MODULAR BUILDINGS ............................................................................. 13
6.2 CASE STUDIES....................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.2.1 Victoria Hall, Wolverhampton, UK ........................................................................................................... 13
6.2.2 Phoenix Court, Bristol, UK ........................................................................................................................ 14
6.2.3 Atlantic Yards, Brooklyn, New York ........................................................................................................ 16
7.1 DURING THE CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 ENVIRO NMENTAL BENEFITS IN USE ............................................................................................................... 18
7.3 ENVIRO NMENTAL BENEFITS IN REUSE............................................................................................................ 19