SEMINAR ON igct

Seminar on IGCT-technology

Presented by:

Sandeep Guha NiyogiM.Tech (PED)roll no:852010

contentscontents

Development of semiconductorsDevelopment of semiconductorsComparison of GTO and IGCT 1Comparison of GTO and IGCT 1stst

gengenIGCT with gate drive equipmentsIGCT with gate drive equipments

Applications of IGCTApplications of IGCT--IGCTs for high power CSI--IGCTs for high power CSI

--IGCTs for VSI--IGCTs for VSI--series connection of IGCTs--series connection of IGCTs

--100MVA intertie--100MVA intertieConclusionConclusionReferencesReferences

Development time line of power semiconductors

History & development of IGCTHistory & development of IGCT

An IGCT is a special type of An IGCT is a special type of Thyristor similar to a GTO. They Thyristor similar to a GTO. They

can be turned on and off by a can be turned on and off by a gate signal, have lower gate signal, have lower

conduction loss as compared to conduction loss as compared to GTOs, and withstand higher GTOs, and withstand higher

rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such that no Snubber is required for that no Snubber is required for

most applications most applications

Successfully combines the best Successfully combines the best of Thyristor and transistor of Thyristor and transistor

characteristics, while fulfilling characteristics, while fulfilling the additional requirements of the additional requirements of

manufacturability and high manufacturability and high reliability. reliability.

Comparison between GTO and IGCT

IGCT with its gate driver IGCT with its gate driver equipmentsequipments

Integrated gate signal

unit

Gate power supply Isolation transformer

GCT

4.5kv-4kA

Applications of IGCTApplications of IGCT

--Current source inverters--Current source inverters--Voltage source inverters--Voltage source inverters

--series connection of IGCTs--series connection of IGCTs--the 100MVA intertie--the 100MVA intertie

--in railways--in railways

IGCT for high power CSI

Basic CSI circuit Test circuit

Cross-section of a reverse blocking IGCT. TheCross-section of a reverse blocking IGCT. TheCathode side of the GCT wafer (with gate contact) forms theCathode side of the GCT wafer (with gate contact) forms the

Cathode of the whole device; the anode side of the diodeCathode of the whole device; the anode side of the diodeWafer the anode. Anode of GCT wafer and cathode of diode Wafer the anode. Anode of GCT wafer and cathode of diode

wafer are connected by a molybdenum diskwafer are connected by a molybdenum disk

RB-IGCT can be realized by two ways:RB-IGCT can be realized by two ways:-symmetric processing-symmetric processing

-series connection of a diode with IGCT-series connection of a diode with IGCT

Turn-on characteristics

The reverse blocking IGCT can either be turned on from: (1) the forward-biased state by a positive gate pulse

(following negative gate-bias), or from: (2) the reverse-biased state by current commutation

from the complimentary device (following positive gate-bias)

Turn-off characteristicsTurn-off characteristics

Test circuit to determine the Waveform of Test circuit to determine the Waveform of RB-IGCT during turn offRB-IGCT during turn off

IGCTs for VSIIGCTs for VSI

Reverse conducting IGCTs (RC-IGCT), asymmetric IGCTs (AS-IGCT) and their Reverse conducting IGCTs (RC-IGCT), asymmetric IGCTs (AS-IGCT) and their corresponding diodes are qualified and tested in test circuits built according to the corresponding diodes are qualified and tested in test circuits built according to the circuit diagramcircuit diagram

Test circuit for IGCTs in VSI

Design criteria for inverters using IGCT

Critical di/dt of the freewheeling diode

Maximum device voltage VDM

VDM is not allowed to exceed rated blocking Voltage of either IGCTs or the diode

VDM < VDRM, VRRM

Contd:Contd:

Clamp voltage overshoot Clamp voltage overshoot ∆∆VVCL CL

∆∆VVCL CL must be close to ZERO before next must be close to ZERO before next switching takes place so as to remain in SOA of switching takes place so as to remain in SOA of diodes and IGCTsdiodes and IGCTs

Clamp diode current IClamp diode current IDCLDCL

IIDCLDCL must also be zero before IGCT turns on must also be zero before IGCT turns on again.again.

Series connection of IGCTsSeries connection of IGCTs

Major advantages:Major advantages:

-in the event that an IGCT fails the -in the event that an IGCT fails the installation continues without installation continues without interruption.interruption.

-Addition of redundant IGCTs reduces -Addition of redundant IGCTs reduces voltage load of each individual device voltage load of each individual device

First commercial First commercial application of series application of series

connected IGCTsconnected IGCTsThe 100MVA inter-tie The 100MVA inter-tie

a a HIGH POWER HIGH POWER IGCT INVERTER IGCT INVERTER

MODULEMODULE

THE 100MVA INTERTIETHE 100MVA INTERTIEManufactured by ABB. Installed between 3-Manufactured by ABB. Installed between 3-φφ 50Hz grid and 1- 50Hz grid and 1- φφ 16⅔Hz railway grid in 16⅔Hz railway grid in germanygermany11stst generation of IGCTs are used with generation of IGCTs are used with series connection of six-IGCTs.series connection of six-IGCTs.

IGCT TECHNOLOGY IN TRACTION IGCT TECHNOLOGY IN TRACTION CONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVESCONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES

Traction converters are designed for DC Traction converters are designed for DC motor power supply of large traction motor power supply of large traction vehicles which are supplied by following vehicles which are supplied by following traction systems: 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, 3000 traction systems: 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, 3000 V DC etc. The converters are equipped by V DC etc. The converters are equipped by modern power semiconductor units modern power semiconductor units especially IGCT Thyristor. Rugged design especially IGCT Thyristor. Rugged design and excellent quality of these devices are and excellent quality of these devices are guarantee of long lifetime as well as high guarantee of long lifetime as well as high operating reliability. Converters with operating reliability. Converters with IGCT Thyristor brings following IGCT Thyristor brings following advantages:advantages:

Current ripple reduction that enables Current ripple reduction that enables higher operating frequency of tractionhigher operating frequency of traction

increasing of traction motor lifetime increasing of traction motor lifetime better driving characteristics of vehiclebetter driving characteristics of vehicle

higher operating reliabilityhigher operating reliability Lower power consumptionLower power consumption Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

IGCT-a new solution for rail IGCT-a new solution for rail vehiclesvehicles

The IGCT turn-off thyristor system for traction equipment has The IGCT turn-off thyristor system for traction equipment has now been in use for nearly two years on some ČD Class 560 now been in use for nearly two years on some ČD Class 560

Emus, and it is functioning well. It introduces two novelties into Emus, and it is functioning well. It introduces two novelties into ČD motive power technology - modern IGCT converter control ČD motive power technology - modern IGCT converter control

and compatible rectifiers. Thanks to the latter, when running off and compatible rectifiers. Thanks to the latter, when running off 25 kV 50 Hz a locomotive fitted with IGCT consumes a virtually 25 kV 50 Hz a locomotive fitted with IGCT consumes a virtually

sinusoidal current, and at a power factor close to 1. sinusoidal current, and at a power factor close to 1.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

IGCT has penetrated virtually every power IGCT has penetrated virtually every power electronic application and is currently in electronic application and is currently in

service in equipment ranging from 200kW to service in equipment ranging from 200kW to 100MW with still higher ratings in design. 100MW with still higher ratings in design.

Higher and lower voltages are under Higher and lower voltages are under consideration, but their commercialization will consideration, but their commercialization will

depend on market demand and economics. depend on market demand and economics.

referencesreferences

IGCTs for high power applications-IGCTs for high power applications-ABB INDUSTRIES website.ABB INDUSTRIES website.optimization of IGCTs for CSI-ABB optimization of IGCTs for CSI-ABB INDUSTRIES website.INDUSTRIES website.www.ABBsemiconductors.apxmwww.ABBsemiconductors.apxmwww.railvolution.htmwww.railvolution.htm