Seminar on Analysis of the Effect of Dirt on the Performance of Engine Cooling System Presented by Gaurav Shukla.

Seminar on Analysis Seminar on Analysis of the Effect of Dirt of the Effect of Dirt on the Performance on the Performance of Engine Coolingof Engine Cooling

SystemSystemPresented byPresented by

Gaurav ShuklaGaurav Shukla

ImportanceImportance The objective of this work is to look at The objective of this work is to look at

the effect of sand blocking the heat the effect of sand blocking the heat transfer area of the radiator. transfer area of the radiator.

Its effect on the engine coolant. Its effect on the engine coolant. Percentage area covered resulted in a Percentage area covered resulted in a

proportional increase of the inlet and proportional increase of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the coolant in outlet temperatures of the coolant in the radiator.the radiator.

10% of the area covered of the 10% of the area covered of the radiator resulted in an increase of radiator resulted in an increase of about 2°C of the outlet temperature of about 2°C of the outlet temperature of the radiator coolant. the radiator coolant.

Irrespective material blocks the Irrespective material blocks the radiator surface area.radiator surface area.

KeywordsKeywords

Radiator.Radiator. Silt.Silt. Clay.Clay. Coolant. Coolant.

IntroductionIntroduction

When new engines are developed, When new engines are developed, they will be expected to operate they will be expected to operate under severe conditions and under severe conditions and demanding load profiles as studied demanding load profiles as studied byby

Kem. [1], thus, increasing the Kem. [1], thus, increasing the demand of effective engine cooling demand of effective engine cooling systems.systems.

Better performance, low fuel Better performance, low fuel consumption, aesthetics, safety, consumption, aesthetics, safety, cheaper and low maintenance.cheaper and low maintenance.

IntroductionIntroduction Oliet [2], the air-cooled heat exchangers Oliet [2], the air-cooled heat exchangers

found in a vehicle radiator, condenser, found in a vehicle radiator, condenser, evaporator and charge air cooler, has an evaporator and charge air cooler, has an important role in its weight and also in important role in its weight and also in the design of its front-end module.the design of its front-end module.

Strong impact on the car aerodynamic Strong impact on the car aerodynamic behavior. behavior.

Design process is optimized.Design process is optimized. High working temperatures, high High working temperatures, high

efficiency, Challenges in construction and efficiency, Challenges in construction and operation, challenges in obtaining operation, challenges in obtaining materials capable of continuously materials capable of continuously enduring the high temperaturesenduring the high temperatures

Sufficient strength to withstand the high Sufficient strength to withstand the high working loads. working loads.

IntroductionIntroduction Max Temp of combustion ≈ melting point Max Temp of combustion ≈ melting point

of platinum.of platinum. Temp of exhaust gas > melting point of Temp of exhaust gas > melting point of

aluminum.aluminum. Excessive cooling prevents proper Excessive cooling prevents proper

vaporization of the fuel .vaporization of the fuel . Addition of cooling lead to dilution of the Addition of cooling lead to dilution of the

crankcase oil by unvaporized fuel.crankcase oil by unvaporized fuel. High operating temp change weight and High operating temp change weight and

reduces volumetric efficiency (VE) due to reduces volumetric efficiency (VE) due to excessive heating of the incoming charge.excessive heating of the incoming charge.

Reduction of output power. Reduction of output power.

IntroductionIntroduction

Water-cooling system is employed.Water-cooling system is employed. Extract heat around the combustion Extract heat around the combustion

chamber and dissipates the heat in chamber and dissipates the heat in to the radiator.to the radiator.

Radiator transfer heat from the Radiator transfer heat from the coolant to the air flowing through coolant to the air flowing through the fins of the radiator. the fins of the radiator.

Air flowing is driven by forward Air flowing is driven by forward motion of the car and from a fan motion of the car and from a fan enclosed in a shroud attached to the enclosed in a shroud attached to the radiator. radiator.

It provide a sufficiently large cooling It provide a sufficiently large cooling area. area.

IntroductionIntroduction

Cross-flow radiator is used due to its Cross-flow radiator is used due to its high effectiveness.high effectiveness.

Water tubes being placed cross-wise Water tubes being placed cross-wise with a small collection tank at each with a small collection tank at each side and a separate header tank. side and a separate header tank.

Cross–flow would be to have a large Cross–flow would be to have a large number of short vertical tubes. number of short vertical tubes.

Increase the amount of soldering Increase the amount of soldering and hence the chance of leakage. and hence the chance of leakage.

Main objectMain object

The main objective of this research is The main objective of this research is to look at the critical quantification to look at the critical quantification of dirt on the radiator and its effect of dirt on the radiator and its effect on the engine performance. on the engine performance.

The focus will be to look at the effect The focus will be to look at the effect of mud on the radiator fins and its of mud on the radiator fins and its impact on temperature variation in impact on temperature variation in the inlet and outlet of the radiator the inlet and outlet of the radiator hoses. hoses.

The study will looks at the way The study will looks at the way forward to minimize overheating .forward to minimize overheating .

MaterialsMaterials

Engine.Engine. Radiator.Radiator. Thermometer.Thermometer. Covering material.Covering material.

Engine specificationsEngine specifications

four-cylinder four stroke engine.four-cylinder four stroke engine. water cooled engine with a tank water cooled engine with a tank

capacity of 5.5 liters.capacity of 5.5 liters. petrol engine.petrol engine. compression ratio of 9.8 to 1compression ratio of 9.8 to 1 operates on the Otto-cycle operates on the Otto-cycle

Engine Engine

Specifications of the engineSpecifications of the engine

Year- 2003Year- 2003 Manufacturer- NissanManufacturer- Nissan Engine capacity-1597 ccEngine capacity-1597 cc Engine type- GA 16Engine type- GA 16 No. of cylinders-4/DOHCNo. of cylinders-4/DOHC Compression ratio-9.8:1Compression ratio-9.8:1 Cooling system capacity-5.5 liters of Cooling system capacity-5.5 liters of

capacitycapacity Thermostat opening-76.5° C capacity Thermostat opening-76.5° C capacity Radiator pressure- 0.78-0.98° CRadiator pressure- 0.78-0.98° C

Cross flow type RadiatorCross flow type Radiator

RadiatorRadiator

General Motors’ serpentin-fin cross-General Motors’ serpentin-fin cross-flow.flow.

size 65 mm × 35 mm in length and size 65 mm × 35 mm in length and breadth respectively. breadth respectively.

The numbers of tubes were one row The numbers of tubes were one row of 66 tubes with a thickness of 2 mm. of 66 tubes with a thickness of 2 mm.

The fins were copper made with a The fins were copper made with a thickness of 0.5 mm, a height of 16 thickness of 0.5 mm, a height of 16 mm and spaced 3 mm apart. mm and spaced 3 mm apart.

Thermometer used in Thermometer used in automobilesautomobiles

ThermometerThermometer

Two different types of Two different types of thermometers.thermometers.

To read the input and the output To read the input and the output temperatures coolant in the radiator.temperatures coolant in the radiator.

Manufactured by Cola-Parma Manufactured by Cola-Parma Instrument Company with accuracy Instrument Company with accuracy of 0.10°C. of 0.10°C.

Covering materialCovering material

Silt.Silt. Clay. Clay.

Engine SetupEngine Setup

Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions

Variation of temperature with the Variation of temperature with the area of radiator covered with the clay.area of radiator covered with the clay.

Variation of the temperature with the Variation of the temperature with the area of radiator covered with the silt.area of radiator covered with the silt.

Variation of the temperature water Variation of the temperature water inlet to the radiator with the area of inlet to the radiator with the area of radiator covered.radiator covered.

Variation of the temperature of the Variation of the temperature of the outlet water to the radiator with the outlet water to the radiator with the area of radiator covered.area of radiator covered.

Variation of temperature with the area ofVariation of temperature with the area ofradiator covered with the clay.radiator covered with the clay.

Variation of the temperature with the areaVariation of the temperature with the areaof radiator covered with the silt.of radiator covered with the silt.

Variation of the temperature water Variation of the temperature water inlet toinlet to

the radiator with the area of radiator the radiator with the area of radiator covered.covered.

Variation of the temperature water outlet toVariation of the temperature water outlet tothe radiator with the area of radiator the radiator with the area of radiator

covered.covered.

Inlet temperature of the coolant in Inlet temperature of the coolant in the radiator increased as the the radiator increased as the percentage area of the radiator percentage area of the radiator covered increased. covered increased.

Outlet temperature of the coolant Outlet temperature of the coolant from the radiator increased from the radiator increased monotonically with increases in the monotonically with increases in the percentage area of the radiator percentage area of the radiator covered. covered.

ConclusionsConclusions

ConclusionsConclusions

In both cases, at 80% coverage of the heat In both cases, at 80% coverage of the heat transfer area of the radiator the engine transfer area of the radiator the engine vibrated excessively and the idling was vibrated excessively and the idling was not stable.not stable.

At 100% coverage the engine stopped At 100% coverage the engine stopped running immediately after starting. This running immediately after starting. This phenomenon was expected because as the phenomenon was expected because as the effective transfer area of the radiator is effective transfer area of the radiator is reduced, less heat is taken out and reduced, less heat is taken out and thereby affecting the temperature of the thereby affecting the temperature of the coolant and hence the performance of the coolant and hence the performance of the engine.engine.

RefrencesRefrences

[1] Kem. J. and Ambros. P.( 1997) [1] Kem. J. and Ambros. P.( 1997) Concepts for a controlled Optimized Concepts for a controlled Optimized Vehicle Engine Cooling System. Society of Vehicle Engine Cooling System. Society of Automotive Engineers Automotive Engineers Publication,971816, 357-362.Publication,971816, 357-362.

[2] Oliet, C., Oliva, A., Castro, J., Perez- [2] Oliet, C., Oliva, A., Castro, J., Perez- Segarra (2007) Parametric studies on Segarra (2007) Parametric studies on automotive radiators, Applied Thermal automotive radiators, Applied Thermal Engineering 2033-2043.Engineering 2033-2043.

[3] Pulkrabek W.W. (1997) Engineering [3] Pulkrabek W.W. (1997) Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine, pages 270-280.Engine, pages 270-280.

RefrencesRefrences [4] Mudd. S.C. (1972), Technology for [4] Mudd. S.C. (1972), Technology for

Motor Vehicle Mechanics, Euston Road Motor Vehicle Mechanics, Euston Road London, Oxford press.London, Oxford press.

[5] Kiatsiriroat. T.(2004) The application [5] Kiatsiriroat. T.(2004) The application of automobile radiator in waste heat of automobile radiator in waste heat recovery process, Final Report, Energy recovery process, Final Report, Energy Planning and Policy Office, Thailand.Planning and Policy Office, Thailand.

[6] Nuntaphan, A. Kiatsiriroat,T.(2004) [6] Nuntaphan, A. Kiatsiriroat,T.(2004) Performance of thermo-syphon heat Performance of thermo-syphon heat exchanger modified from automobile exchanger modified from automobile radiator, in: The 18radiator, in: The 18thth Conference of Conference of Mechanical Engineering Network of Mechanical Engineering Network of Thailand, Kon Ka.en, ThailandThailand, Kon Ka.en, Thailand

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