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Induction of apoptosis by Mere trix lusoria through reactive ox ygen species production, gluta thione depletion, and caspase activation in human leukemia c ells Origin Life Sciences 79 (2006) 1140–1152 Authors P, M-H H, Y-T H, C-J C, C-I H, P-C P, B-S Impect Impact factor : 2.512 Speaker Ching-Sheng Hung MT Date 2007/11/09
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Page 1: Seminar

Induction of apoptosis by Meretrix lusoria through reactive oxygen species production, glutathione depletion, and caspase activation in human leukemia cells

Origin : Life Sciences 79 (2006) 1140–1152Authors : P, M-H , H, Y-T , H, C-J , C, C-I , H, P-C , P, B-SImpect Impact factor : 2.512 Speaker : Ching-Sheng Hung MTDate : 2007/11/09

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IntroductionIntroduction

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Meretrix lusoriaMeretrix lusoriaMeretrix lusoriaMeretrix lusoria

學名 Meretrix lusoria中文名 文蛤

中文俗名 普通文蛤、麗文蛤、粉蟯 

英文俗名 Hard clam (HC)  

型態特徵 貝殼呈亞三角形,黃褐色而有深褐色之斑紋,殼質堅

厚,殼面光滑,大者可長至 12公分

棲所生態 生活在低潮區及稍深的淺海細砂的海底,棲息深度可達

20 公尺

地理分布 東亞一帶皆產,台灣盛產於西海岸泥沙底,且大量被人養殖

漁業利用 肉質鮮味美,殼可供藥用或做燒石灰之原料

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Morphology of apoptosisMorphology of apoptosis

Single cell

Shrinking

Chromatin condensation

Nuclear fragment protuberances

Apoptotic bodies formation

Phagocytosis

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ROSROSROSROS

氧分子能夠連續接受電子形成一系列中間產物,這些反應性較強的含氧分子稱為活化氧 (activated oxygen) ,有些活化氧亦是自由基

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ApoptosApoptosisisApoptosApoptosisis

FADD Pro-cas-8 cas-8

Apoptosis

Extrinsic ( Death Receptor-Initiated ) Pathway

DNA fragmentation

PARP

DNA repair↓

DFF-45CAD

CAD

FasFas L

cas-3

Nucleus

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Bcl-2 Bcl-2 familyfamilyBcl-2 Bcl-2 familyfamily

Anti-apoptotic proteins

Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL

Bad, Bid, Bim, BaxPro-apoptotic proteins 抗凋亡蛋白存在於粒線體膜、內質網膜以及外核膜上, 但主要定位於粒線體外膜,它抵抗促凋亡蛋白的功能

促凋亡蛋白則定位於細胞質,一旦受到凋亡因子的誘導 ,它們可以向粒線體靠近,在粒線體外膜形成跨膜通道 ,或者開啟粒線體的 PT孔,而導致粒線體中的凋亡因子 釋放,活化 Caspase,導致細胞凋亡

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ApoptosApoptosisisApoptosApoptosisis

Mitochondria

Cytochrome c

Mcl-1↓

Bax cleavageBcl-xL↓

cas-9

ROS↑GSH↓

Intrinsic ( Mitochondrial ) Pathway

DFF-45CAD

cas-3

Nucleus

Apoptosis

ΔΨm↓

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Mcl-1↓

Bax cleavageBcl-xL↓

caspase-3

Fas

Fas L

cas-8 tBidBid Mitochondria

cas-9

Apoptosis

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Purpose Purpose

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Apoptosis

Hard Clam

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Meterials and Metho

ds

Meterials and Metho

ds

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MTT assayMTT assay

terazolium formazan

570 nm

黃色 紫色

dehydrogenase

hello

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MorphologyMorphology

Analysis of apoptosis by cell dying Acridine orange stain

利用 Acridine orange 染劑能與核酸親和的特性,其會嵌入 DNA 與 RNA 中,使用螢光顯微技術下可清楚觀測細胞經處理後整體型態與核內染色質的改變 hell

o

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look me

Flow cytometryFlow cytometry

Analysis of apoptosis by cell dying PI Stain

可以和細胞內的 DNA 結合,且結合量與 DNA 的量成正比,使用 Flow cytometer 來計算各細胞的 PI 含量,可以了解處於不同細胞週期的細胞數目多寡。

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Flow cytometryFlow cytometry

Annexin V-FITC

PS

Analysis of apoptosis by cell dying Annexin V-FITC stain

Fluorescence ↑ Apoptosis cells ↑ ; Fluorescence ↓ Apoptosis cells ↓

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Flow cytometryFlow cytometry

Determination of ROS generation

ROS DCF

Flow cytometry

DCFH

DCFH-DA

happy

Fluorescence ↑ ROS ↑ ; Fluorescence ↓ ROS ↓

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GSH CM

F

Flow cytometry

CMF

CMF-DA

Flow cytometryFlow cytometry

Determination of GSH depletion

Fluorescence ↑ GSH ↑ ; Fluorescence ↓ GSH ↓

Cell esterase

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Flow cytometryFlow cytometry

Analysis of mitochondrial transmembrane potential DiOC6

stain粒線體膜電位的存在,會使一些親脂性陽離子螢光染料:《 DiOC6 》結合到粒線體基質,然後再利用流式細胞計檢測細胞的螢光強度其螢光的增強或減弱說明粒線體膜電位的增高或降低

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Fluorogenic assayFluorogenic assay

specific substrate

release (AMC)

Fluorescence spectrophotometer

產生黃綠色螢光

Caspase

caspase specific substrate-(AMC)

caspase specific substrate-(AMC)

Fluorescence ↑ active caspase ↑ ; Fluorescence ↓ active caspase ↓

激發光 360 nm

Caspase

發射光 460 nm

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ResultsResults

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Table 1

抑制 50% 酵素活性所需要的藥物濃度

COLO 205 :結腸癌細胞SK-Hep 1 :肝癌細胞HL-60 :人類骨髓白血病細胞株AGS :胃癌細胞THP-1 :人類白血病單核球細胞株PMNs :健康人類的多形核中性球

6 hrs

MTT assay

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Fig. 1

dose dependent

time dependent

agarose gel electrophoresis

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Fig. 1

/6 hrs

染色質皺縮

Acridine orange觀測細胞經處理後整體型態與核內染色質的改變

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Fig. 1

annexin V-FITC staining and flow cytometry

Right shift

Apoptosis↑

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Fig. 2

dose time

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left shiftΔΨm ↓

Fig. 3

Mitochondria

ΔΨm↓ Cytochrome c cas-9 cas-3

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Fig. 3

Mitochondria

ΔΨm↓ Cytochrome c cas-9 cas-3

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Fig. 4

Right shift

ROS↑

left shiftGSH↓

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Fig. 5

caspase 9 在 1 hr 可看到明顯的上升caspase 3,8 在 2,3 hr 看到上升

93

8

1,6

2

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Fig. 5

→ caspase inhibitor

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Fig. 5

a →allopurinolb →catalasec →DPId →NACe →PDTCf →SOD

, GSH

ca

f b d e

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Fig. 6

dose

time

DNA repair↓cas-3 PARP

Apoptosis

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Fig. 6

DFF-45 CAD

cas-3

( inhibitor of CAD )

DFF-45 CAD

DNA

fragmentation

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Fig. 7

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Fig. 8

FasFas L

FADD Pro-cas-8 tBid Bidcas-8

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Fig. 8

FasFas Ligand

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DiscussionDiscussion

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Intrinsic Pathway Extrinsic Pathway

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蜆精濃度 調味 ( 口味 )

零售價格

台糖蜆精 ★ ★50 元

白蘭氏蜆精 ★(多 3%)

蒜味重 60 元

綠川黃金蜆精 80 元

市售蜆精一覽表

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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention