SEMI-THERM FEBRUARY 23, 2010 SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA Capturing efficiency opportunities in data centers has become a business imperative, allowing managers to extend the capacity of existing facilities, drive down costs, and deliver environmental quality benefits. Efficiency Opportunities for Data Center Cooling MARK BRAMFITT, P.E. 1 markbramfitt.com
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SEMI-THERM FEBRUARY 23, 2010 SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA Capturing efficiency opportunities in data centers has become a business imperative, allowing managers.
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SEMI-THERMFEBRUARY 23 , 2010
SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA
C a p t u r i n g e ff i c i e n c y o p p o r t u n i t i e s i n d a t a c e n t e r s h a s b e c o m e a b u s i n e s s i m p e r a t i v e , a l l o w i n g m a n a g e r s t o e x t e n d t h e c a p a c i t y o f
e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s , d r i v e d o w n c o s t s , a n d d e l i v e r e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y b e n e fi t s .
Efficiency Opportunities for Data Center Cooling
M A R K B R A M F I TT, P. E .
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Topics
Engineering – first principles
Utility vantage point – includes public policy
Impact – what can you do
Data centers are impacting the environment with unsustainable growth
Cooling efficiency opportunities
The long view
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What do Data Centers Look Like?
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Unity Load Factor
No other utility loads look like this!
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DC Classifications
Utility Scale: Co-location, cloud and researchEnterpriseCloset
Federal EPA estimates that data centers consume ~2% of US electricity, and is on pace to double every five years.
Retrofit difficult and not as cost-effective (2-3 year payback)
Separating DC from building system, installing package units
Title 24 will likely mandate air-side economizer for all new DCs
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Wholly Ambient Cooling
Industry leaders are building centers with no mechanical cooling whatsoever
Yahoo, NY – “Chicken Coop” design uses building design and prevailing wind
Microsoft, Dublin – Should use 100% outside air, but has DX backup
HP, England – reports only 20 hours of mechanical cooling
UC Berkeley and Stanford Research DCs – planned
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Airflow Management
Great retrofit strategy for isolating hot and cold aisles.
VSDs on CRAC units modulate supply flow to match equipment needs.
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Airflow Management
The ultimate in “close loop” cooling, containerized data centers
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Fully Containerized DC Concept
A conceptual design from Microsoft, who along with Google are leaders in large-scale containerized data center deployment.
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“Close Loop”
Strategy: move heat through liquid, from as close to the source as possible
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Developing Technologies
Virtualization 2.0 – Server ManagementVirtualization 2.5 – IT Workload
Management
Virtualization 3.0 – Holistic Data Center
Solid State Data Storage
Optical Data Storage
Liquid Cooling Strategies
Passive Cooling Strategies for IT Equipment
Cooling Storage Systems
Change in Power Delivery Voltage
Heat RecoveryOn-Site
Generation
Modular Airflow Isolation
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Liquid Cooling – Last Mile
Proposed in 2003, this represents an “almost fan-less” morphology. CPU is effectively directly coupled to a liquid cooling system. Only secondary components are cooled using air.
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Thermal Storage
Permanent load shifting Thermal energy storage may lower capex and reduce
oppex.
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Utility Programs & Services
Utilities throughout US are initiating and expanding energy efficiency programs for IT and data centers
Typical portfolio elements: Education and training Technical and analysis support New construction incentives Retrofit incentives Retrofit/purchase rebates Services (air flow management)
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Why…
Energy efficiency, renewables, demand response, smart grid?
Utilities can be regulated to deliver cost-effective services with lower environmental impacts.
Energy efficiency programs have helped keep per capita electricity consumption in California flat over the past 30 years
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Challenges
IT industry not accustomed to thinking about efficiency
IT mangers not rewarded or penalized for energy use
Entrenched designs and operating schemes
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Opportunities
Manage your own growth profile – take control of capacity needs
Dramatic short-term cost savings achievable with proven technologies and measures
Time is now to “reset” the IT energy use growth curve
IT’s role in delivering environmental improvements are immense
US leadership in IT industry, and by extension…
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MARK BRAMFITT, P.E .3055 GOUGH STREET, #100SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94123