Semester Review

Semester Review

Chapter 8 Concepts

• Articles of Confederation• Northwest Ordinance• New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan• Federalists vs. Anti Federalists

Articles of Confederation

• Purpose: • to create a government after the Revolutionary War

• Effect: • weak, did not hold states together, led to Constitutional

Convention

Northwest Ordinance

• Purpose:• Establish a process for creating new states in new territory

• How it worked:• Once territory had 5,000 free adult males=form a legislature• Once territory had 60,000 people=could apply for statehood

New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan

• New Jersey Plan:• Legislative branch would have only 1 house with equal

representation

• Virginia Plan• Legislative branch would have 2 houses both based on population

• The Great Compromise• Legislative branch has 2 houses one based on population (H of R)

and one equal representation (Senate)

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

• Federalists• Wanted strong central government, money over land, supported

by rich• People: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay• Federalists Papers: written to encourage people to accept

Constitution

• Anti-Federalists• Feared strong central government, states’ rights, land over money,

supported by farmers• People: Thomas Jefferson

Chapter 9 Concepts

• Legislative, Executive, Judicial• Checks and Balances• Passing a Bill• People

Legislative (Congress)

• House of Representatives (435) and Senate (100)• Power to make laws• Other powers: declare war, coin money, set up postal

system• Elected by: popular vote within state

House of Representatives

• 25 years old• Citizen for 7 years• Live in state they represent• 2 year term• All bills that deal with money must start here

Senate

• 30 years old• Citizen for 9 years• Live in state they represent• 6 year term• Hold trials for impeachment

Executive• Enforce the laws• Head of Executive: President

• 35 years old• Natural born citizen• Lived in US for 14 years

• Cabinet• Electoral College

• 270 to win• Wisconsin=10

Judicial

• Interpret the laws• Highest Court: Supreme Court

• District• Court of Appeals

• 9 Supreme Court Justices• Appointed by president, approved by senate

Checks and Balances

Passing a Bill

• Start in either house or senate• Committee to subcommittee• Discuss bill on floor

• Senate=filibuster

• Passes one house goes to other• If passed president can=sign or veto

• Veto can be overridden by ¾ majority vote in both houses

People

• President: Obama• Senators: Tammy Baldwin, Ron Johnson• US Representative: Gwen Moore• Wisconsin State Senator: Alberta Darling

Chapter 10 Concepts

• Bill of Rights• Secured certain rights people had

• Speech, press, right to bear arms, due process etc

Chapter 11 Concepts

• Whiskey Rebellion• Election of 1800• Alien and Sedition Acts• Loose vs. Strict Construction

Whiskey Rebellion

• Congress passes bill that taxes luxury items including whiskey

• Farmers refuse to pay• Washington leads 13,000 militia to end rebellion

Election of 1800

• Adams (Federalists) vs. Jefferson (D-R) vs. Burr (D-R)• Tie between Jefferson and Burr• Hamilton supports Jefferson• 12th Amendment

Alien and Sedition Acts

• Extended time it took to become citizen• Limited what was allowed to be written about government• Designed to keep Federalists in power

• John Adams

Loose vs. Strict Construction

• If Constitution didn’t say you could do it, you can’t (Loose, Jefferson)

• If Constitution didn’t say you couldn’t do it, you can (Strict, Hamilton)

• National Bank, power of federal government

Chapter 12 Concepts

• Jay’s Treaty• XYZ Affair• Embargo Act• War of 1812• Monroe Doctrine

Jay’s Treaty

• British in Ohio Valley• John Jay creates treaty that has British leave territory• France is upset US made treaty with British

XYZ Affair

• French impressing ships• Adams sends representatives to negotiate treaty• French refuse to listen until tribute paid• Adams refuses tribute, tensions rise

Embargo Act

• Jefferson passes hoping to end impressments• No trade allowed between European nations• Huge failure

War of 1812• Causes:

• Impressment of sailors• Seizing US ships• British give Native American weapons

• Key Events:• Invasion of Canada=fail• Washington burned (White House, Madison)• Battle of New Orleans (Jackson)• Treaty of Ghent

Monroe Doctrine

• Latin America revolutions in Mexico and South America• President Monroe declares that North and South America

are free/independent nations, any attack on those nations is an attack on the US

Chapter 14

• Indian Removal Act• Trail of Tears

Indian Removal Act

• Indian tribes could negotiate treaties to relocate• Jackson ends up forcing removal of tribes in South• Trail of Tears

• Cherokee tribes forced to march hundreds of miles from Florida/Georgia to territory in West (Oklahoma)

• Thousands die on the way

Chapter 15 Concepts

• LA Purchase• Lewis and Clark

LA Purchase• Causes:

• US wanted European power out of North America• France needed money to finance war with Britain• Haiti lost, France no need for LA territory• Manifest Destiny (right/duty to expand across NA)

• Effects:• US x2 in size• Resources• Lewis and Clark

Lewis and Clark

• Expedition to map new territory• Maps, detailed journal about resources in territory,

contact with Natives• Opened up expansion in New Territory

Chapter 19 Concepts

• North• South

North

• Geography: rocky, good coast, some good farmland, cold winters, hot summers

• Economy: based on business and industry, a variety of jobs• Transportation: railroads very important, man made

canals• Society: free, African-Americans not equal, variety of

people, immigrants

South

• Geography: flat farm land, rivers, longer growing seasons• Economy: based on farming, plantations, few factories• Transportation: used rivers, few railroads• Society: three tier society, slaves

Chapter 21 Concepts• Wilmot Proviso• Missouri Compromise• Compromise of 1850• Lincoln-Douglas debates• Dred Scott• Kansas-Nebraska Act• Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Harper’s Ferry

Wilmot Proviso

• An amendment that proposed the outlaw of slavery in land gained in Mexican War (Mexican Cession)

• Failed

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri slave state, Maine free state, 36 30 line (above free, below slave)

• Henry Clay

Compromise of 1850

• California free, Utah and New Mexico popular sovereignty, slave trade ended in DC

• Fugitive Slave Law• Southerners could retrieve runaways in North• Northerners had to help• Those who helped slaves would be jailed

Lincoln-Douglas debates

• Lincoln, slavery a moral issue, “A house divided”, all slave or all free

• Made Lincoln very popular

Dred Scott

• Slave sues for freedom using Missouri Compromise• Went to Wisconsin (free) with master and lived for a while

• Supreme Court rules (Roger Taney):• African American not a citizen, could not sue• Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, 5th amendment (property)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Douglas wanted railroad through Kansas-Nebraska territory

• Gave these two territories popular sovereignty• Northerners and Southerners flock there

• Bleeding Kansas

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Exposed horrors of slavery• Fueled abolitionist movement

Harper’s Ferry

• John Brown attacks federal arsenal hoping to arm slaves for a rebellion in the South; fails

• Hanged for treason, viewed as hero in North• South fear more rebellions

Chapter 22 Concepts

• Anaconda Plan• North vs. South• Technology• Battles/Places• People

Anaconda Plan

• Blockade southern ports• Seize Mississippi and cut confederacy in two• Seize Richmond• Wanted to suffocate economy

North vs. South• North

• Had to force South to surrender• Much more resources, people and railroads• Weaker generals, more difficult outcome

• South• Defend territory, quick big victory or drag out war• Strong generals, home field advantage• Fewer resources, suffer from damages of total war

• Both though war would be over quick

Technology

• Guns• Telegraph• Railroad• Ironclads• Photography

Battles/places• Bull Run

• Stonewall Jackson

• Antietam• Bloodiest single day

• Gettysburg• Turning point for north

• New Orleans• Gain Mississippi, cut off trade to south

• Vicksburg• Full control of Mississippi for North

• Sherman’s March to the Sea• Capture supply depots in South, massive destruction (total

war), helped Lincoln

• Appomattox Courthouse• Surrender of Lee to Grant

People

• Jefferson Davis: President of Confederacy• Northern Generals

• McClellan (first northern general)• Grant• Sherman

• Southern Generals• Lee• Jackson