1 SEMESTER : 1 CORE COURSE I CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE P15BT101 CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Objectives To make the students understand the concept of cell and its activity It provides basic knowledge about the internal structure and organization of cells It enlightens the cellular processes like cell signaling and metabolism It creates an awareness on genetics, gene expression and its regulation Outcomes At the end of the course students will understand the basic tools and techniques which extends and integrates with other fields of bioscience relate cellular functions with the overall activity of a living organism be familiar with molecular mechanics of gene and its expression, regulation UNIT-I Basics of Cell and Organelles Discovery-Cell theory-Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes- Cellular Organelles: Structure, Organization and Functions of Plasma membrane, Nucleus & nucleolus, Mitochondria, ER-rough and smooth, Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus, Plastids, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Microbodies. Cell junction. UNIT-II Cell Cycle and Signaling Overview, Structure and Organization of Microtubules and Microfilaments- Cell movement. Cell Division: Cell Cycle-Regulation of Cell Cycle- Cell signaling- (adrenalin receptors, acetylcholine receptors, insulin receptors) Programmed Cell Death. Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation, Recombination - Generalized and Site specific in bacteria- Holiday model. UNIT-III Overview of genetic material Structure of DNA and RNA- Composition, Types and Functions, Replication mechanisms - Enzymes involved in replication. Mutation: Origin and Classification - Types- Molecular Mechanism of Mutation- Detection of DNA
46
Embed
SEMESTER : 1 CORE COURSE I CREDITS : 5 COURSE …bhc.edu.in/syllabus2016/BIOTECH_-_PG_SYLLABUS.pdf · 1 SEMESTER : 1 CORE COURSE I CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE P15BT101 CELL AND MOLECULAR
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
SEMESTER : 1 CORE COURSE I
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE P15BT101
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Objectives
To make the students understand the concept of cell and its activity
It provides basic knowledge about the internal structure and organization
of cells
It enlightens the cellular processes like cell signaling and metabolism
It creates an awareness on genetics, gene expression and its regulation
Outcomes
At the end of the course students will
understand the basic tools and techniques which extends and integrates
with other fields of bioscience
relate cellular functions with the overall activity of a living organism
be familiar with molecular mechanics of gene and its expression, regulation
Recombination - Generalized and Site specific in bacteria- Holiday model.
UNIT-III Overview of genetic material
Structure of DNA and RNA- Composition, Types and Functions, Replication mechanisms - Enzymes involved in replication. Mutation: Origin and
Classification - Types- Molecular Mechanism of Mutation- Detection of DNA
2
damage at molecular level, Ames test, cytogenetic analysis in mammalian
cells- in vitro and in vivo- Host mediated assay- DNA repair and recombination mechanisms. Transposons and transposable elements-
Mechanism of transposition.
UNIT- IV
Transcription and RNA Processing
Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -Post transcriptional modifications. Genetic code and Translation: Features of genetic code -
Deciphering of the codon- Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes- Post
translation modifications- Protein targeting.
UNIT-V
Regulation of Gene Expression
Cistron, muton and recon -exons and introns. Regulation of gene expression
in prokaryotes and eukaryotes -positive and negative control in prokaryotes- Operon models(Lac,Tryp,Ara)- Spatial and Temporal regulation of eukaryotic
genes, mi RNA, si RNA,Micro-satellites.
TEXT BOOK
Geoffrey M Cooper, Robert E Hausman. “The Cell-A Molecular Approach”,
Third Edition ,ASM Press, Washington, 2004.
REFERENCE
1. Harvey Lodish et al. “Molecular Cell Biology”, W.H.Freeman &
Company, New York, Fourth Edition,2002.
2. Gerald Karp. “Cell and Molecular Biology”, Third edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001.
3. Alberts et al. “Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the Molecular
Biology of the Cell”, Second edition. Garland Science Taylor& Francis
Group, New York. 2003. 4. Benjamin A.Pierce “Genetics-A Conceptual Approach” W.H.Freeman &
Company, New York, Second Edition,2006.
3
SEMESTER : 1 CORE COURSE II
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE P15BT102
BIOCHEMISTRY
Objectives
It provides an in - depth knowledge about the various biomolecules
both structurally and functionally.
It enlightens the other dimensions of the metabolic formation and
regulation of various biological pathways.
It helps to understand the role of biomolecules and their regulations
in various diseases and disorders.
Outcomes
At the end of the course students will be able to
Understand the concepts and theories involved in biochemistry and
lay a strong foundation in basic conventional assemblage.
Correlate the concepts with other fields like medicine, physiology.
Face the challenging competitive exams which paves way to the field
of clinical research.
Unit- I
Chemistry of Biomolecules
Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds; Covalent and
Noncovalent interactions - Van der Waals, Electrostatic, Hydrogen bonding
and hydrophobic interactions. Chemical foundations of Biology- pH, pK, acids, bases and buffers, Henderson - Hasselbach equation, biological buffer
solutions. Energy metabolism (concept of free energy); Principles of
thermodynamics; Kinetics, dissociation and association constants.
embryogenesis, Embryo culture, Synthetic seeds, Protoplast isolation, Somatic hybridization and Cybrids, Anther, Pollen and Ovary culture for
production of haploid plants.
UNIT – III
Plant Genetic Transformation Methods
Cryopreservation and DNA banking for Germplasm conservation. Production of secondary metabolites, Genetic engineering of metabolic pathways,
Production of secondary metabolites in bioreactors and downstream
processing.
17
UNIT – IV
Application of Plant Genetic Transformation
Agrobacterium and Crown gall tumours, Mechanism of T- DNA transfer, Ti
and Ri plasmid vectors, Agro infection. Direct transfer of plants by physical methods, Selectable marker and reporter genes, Chloroplast transformation.
Mechanism of soil bacteria and cyanobacteria for enhanced nitrogen
fixation, Azola as biofertilizers, advantage of biofertilizers over chemical
fertilizers, activity to control insect pests, Plant host-insect interactions- nif and nod genes.
UNIT – V
Metabolic Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals
Transgenic plants: Genetic engineering of plants for herbicide resistance, Pest resistance, Virus resistance, Disease resistance, Stress tolerance,
Cytoplasmic male sterility, Delayed fruit ripening. Genetic engineering in
floral industries Genetic engineering of seed storage proteins. Vaccine
production in plants-plantibodies, Edible vaccine, Transgenic plants: Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, vitamin enrichment, Golden rice.
TEXT BOOK
Plant Biotechnology by Mantell, S.H and Smith, H. 1983. Cambridge
University Press,UK.
REFERENCES
1. An introduction to genetic engineering in plants, Mantel, Mathews and
Significance, Steps in Report Writing –Significance, Steps in Report writing Layout of research report and thesis writing Preparation of manuscript for
publication, Citation and Bibliography, Impact factor.
UNIT – IV
Scope of Biostatistics
Scope on Biostatistics in biological research – Variables –Data; Sources and
Collection Classification, Presentation; Measure of /central Tendency-
Mean(Arithmetic),median-mode, Measures Dispersion- Standard deviation and Standard error-Skewness and kurtosis, coefficient of Variance.
23
UNIT-V
Correlation
Correlation types, Correlation Coefficient , Regression – Simple Linear
Regression, Basis Idea of significance test - Hypothesis testing –Type I error – Level of Significance –tests based on Student test, Chi Square Test,
ANNOVA,’F’ TEST (one way analysis). Introduction to SPSS.
TEXT BOOK
Panner Selvam R (2006) Research Methodology. Prentice- Hall of India
Private Limited, New Delhi.
REFERENCE
1. Pillai RSN and Bhavathy v (2005) Statistics, S.Chand Company Ltd.
2. Joseph G (2004) MLA Hand Books for Writers of Research Papers,
Sixth Edition. Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 3. Prasad S (2004) Elements of statistics, First Editio.Jaico publishing
Home, Mumbai.
24
SEMESTER: 2 ELECTIVE: II b CREDITS: 4 COURSE CODE: P15BT2:2
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
Objective
The course provides basic knowledge about the nanoparticles in biology.
To create awareness regarding the assemblage of ionic complementary
peptides and their applications in nanobiotechnology.
To update knowledge in nucleic acid engineered nanomaterials and their applications.
Outcomes
At the end of the course students will be able to
Gain knowledge on novel nanomaterials with biological properties.
Learn about the role of nanoparticles in bone grafting and tissue engineering.
Gain knowledge on protein patterning for applications in biomaterials
and biodevices.
UNIT - I
Biology Inspired Concepts
The nanoscale dimension and paradigm, Biomolecules at nanoscale,
Introduction to nanoscience -From biotechnology to Nanobiotechnology –
Transformation of biological concepts into nanoscience- Reflections of Nanotechnology on Nanobiotechnology .
UNIT –II
Nanomaterials - Synthesis and Types
Nanoparticle synthesis- The principle of self assembly – Top down and
bottom up approaches-Synthetic method –physical and chemical method-Biological method –using plants and microorganisms. Types of
nanomaterials -Quantum, wells, wires and dots-nano rods, nanowires, nano
Improved medical diagnosis - Sensor Technology,Biosensors,Nano
Immunosensors- Cancer cell screening - in vivo imaging capabilities by
enabling the detection of tumors, - ability to control or manipulate on the
25
atomic scale- Nanobot medical devices - logic and intelligence embedded into
medical devices- standalone sensing and computing devices.
UNIT - IV
Nano Pharmaceuticals and Drug Delivery
Developing of Nanomedicines- Nanosytems in use, Protocols for nano drug
Administration,-Nanoscale Delivery of Therapeutics for Drug Delivery-
Nanosuspension Formulations Viruses,Trojan Nanoparticles SelfAssembling Nanoparticles for Intracellular Drug Delivery Nanoparticle Combinations for
Drug Delivery Liposomes -Liposome Nanoparticle Hybrids Nanospheres-
Nanomolecular Valves for Controlled Drug Release Nanomotors for Drug Delivery.
UNIT - V
Future Challenges and Applications
Prosthetic and medical implants -New generations of prosthetic and medical implants - artificial organs and implants- artificial scaffolds or biosynthetic
coatings - biocompatibility and reduced rejection ratio - retinal, cochlear and
neural implants - repair of damaged nerve cells and replacements of
damaged skin, tissue, or bone, Future upcoming prospective of nanoscience in the field of Biotechnology.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Jain K.K. 2006, “Nanobiotechnology in Molecular Diagnostics: Current
Techniques and Applications”. Horizon Biosciences. 2. Niemeyer CM, 2004, Mirkin CA. “Nanobiotechnology concepts,
Applications and Perspectives”, Willey - VCH Weinheim.
REFERENCE
1. Mark Ratner and Daniel Ratner , 2002,Nano Technology:A Gentle
Introduction to the Next Big Idea. 2. E.L. Wolf, 2006, Nanophysics and Nanotechnology, Wiley
publications.
3. Tuan Vo Dinh, 2007 Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine: Method, Devices and Applications by, CRC Press.
4. CNR Rao, 2006, The Chemistry of Nano material: Synthesis,
Properties & Applications, Vol I &II by Springer. 5. http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html
To throw a light on the physiological functions of human and the
impact of environmental changes.
To provide awareness to the society on the deleterious effects produced by human to the society.
To provide an in depth knowledge about the various impacts of global
environmental changes.
To have an additional knowledge about the different environment related issues and management strategies.
To address the recent problems like Pollution, solid waste
management, Acid rain, Global warming also create awareness about
control and remedies.
Outcomes
At the end of the course students will be able to
Carry the importance of bioscience and helps in integrating it with the
day to day life.
Gain knowledge on the effects of GM foods.
Be convinced on the hazardous effects of stress, junk food and
smoking to society.
Lay a strong foundation in treating various environment related
problems.
Inter relate the concept of environment and biotechnological
applications.
Face challenging issues and offers solutions as introduction of
biopesticides.
UNIT - I
Global Climatic and Environmental Changes
The human species - distribution and tolerances - body temperature and
thermoregulation - response to high temperature, response to cold stress,
high altitude. People and environment - overcoming oxygen scarcity, circadian rhythms - nature and control, jet lag and shift work, Man in space
- space food, water in space.
UNIT -II
Pollution and Environmental Deprivation
Pollution of air, water, soil and their deleterious effects- Acid rain- Global
warming; Transfer of harmful compounds through ecosystems; Control and
27
remedies of pollution- Eco friendly cars, biofuels, Bio gas. Solid waste
Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes recovery and utilization of resources.
UNIT- III
Changing Food Habits in Man
Environment risks of direct and indirect food additives, food colors and
other contaminants, food fads and fallacies. GM foods - definition, why GM foods, potential risks to human health, risk assessment for the environment,
GM foods in future.
UNIT- IV
Environment and Human Health
Stress and heart disease, junk food and obesity, psychotic behavior and
their outcomes such as dementia, depression, schizophrenia. Smoking and
man - hazardous effects of smoking.
UNIT- V
Biology and Future of Man
New application of biological sciences towards human welfare - Human gene
therapy; Human population growth ¬Control of human fertility, Possible
means of birth control, Invitro fertilization, Ethical considerations Eugenics, Guarding the genetic quality of man. Future of Homo sapiens
TEXT BOOKS
1. Agarwal, K.C. “Environmental Biology”, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner, 2001. 2. Odum, E.P. “Fundamentals of Ecology”. W'B, Saunders Co. USA,
1971.
3. John Adds, Erica Larkcom,Ruth Miller; “The organism and the environment”, 2nd edition, Thomas Nelson and sons Ltd. Unit I,1997.
4. Eryl Liddell and Ian Weeks. “Antibody Technology”, BIOS Scientific Publishers, 1995.
32
SEMESTER : 3 CORE COURSE IX
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE P15BT309
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Objectives of the course
It is aimed at learning the genetic disorders caused due to
environmental factors as well as patterns of inheritance
To provide a comprehensive introduction to the clinical research
process
It gives wide knowledge about clinical diagnosis and treatment
Outcomes
By learning the basics of medical genetics and their underlying
mechanisms, one can be aware of the ways to avoid them and also
know the implications of the drugs and their effects
Knowledge about genetic counseling and pre –natal diagnosis is again
an added advantage to the young generation
To enhance the skill and knowledge of the students to improve
employability
UNIT –I
Biotechnology in Health Care
Worldwide market – Enzymes Diagnostics –nucleic acid based diagnostics –
PCR based diagnostics and Sequencing – Blood Products – Biosensors –types; Biochips
UNIT-II
Cancer Diagnostics
Molecular markers-Cancer phenotyping – molecular, immuno and
fluorescent based diagnostics FACS-cancer gene therapy – microsatellite and telomeric V4 analysis-FISH- Vaccines-DNA Vaccines and synthetic Vaccines
: methods of C production – novel routes of delivery.
UNIT – III
Pathology
Handling of clinical samples- Precautions and Safety measures- Physical
and Chemical examination of body fluids (Blood and Urine)- Types – Colour ,
Transparency, pH , Specific gravity; Protein, Sugar, Ketone bodies, Bile pigment/salt, Chyle and Blood. Laboratory diagnosis of UTI. Food
Poisoning and Food allergy.
33
Unit - IV
Clinical Biochemistry
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and their detection, measurement of
glucose in plasma and urine, ADA classification of diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance test, detection of gestational diabetes and self monitoring of blood
glucose.
Unit- V
Clinical Research in Drug Discovery
New Drug Application and Approval - Pharmaceutical Industry – Global and Indian Perspective - Clinical Trial market. Selection of drugs – Threats
behind self medication - Monitoring the prescribed drug advised, Clinical
data management, Ethical issue in clinical studies.
TEXT BOOK
Gupta S.K. (2007). Basic principles of Clinical research and methodology,
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
REFERENCES
1. Biotechnology –The biological Principles MD Trevan, Open University
Press 1987. 2. Principles of Gene Manipulating: RW Old and S.B. Primrose.University
of California ,2nd Edition 1981.
3. Molecular cell Biology: Harvey Lodish, David Baltimore, Amold Berk, S Lawrence Zipursky , Paul Matsudaira, James Darmell,W.H Freeman
Publishers,1995
4. Pillai (2012),Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology, CBS Publications 5. Stephen Hulley (2011), Outlines & Highlights for Designing Clinical
Research: An Epidemiologic Approach, Academic Internet Publishers.
6. Dan Wood, Daron Smith .(2012), Research in Clinical Practice
Springer Publications. 7. Robert J. Levine (2010), Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research:
Biodiversity at global level, species diversity. Biodiversity and its
conservation-insitu and exsitu conservation. Loss of biodiversity and its
causes.
UNIT –IV
Bioremediation
Biosensors in Bioremediation. Biotechnology in pulp and paper industry,
Advanced and emerging Biotechnological applications for industrial effluent (tannery and distillery). Pesticide waste disposal, oleophilic fertilizers and
use of genetically engineered microbes. Biosorption and Bioaccumulation
principles. Giant bacteria and their ecological significance. Seaweeds for removal of heavy metal pollutants. Hazards of genetically engineered