MINI THESIS SCHOOLWIDE ENRICHMENT MODULE TUN GHAFAR BABA MJSC JASIN, MELAKA 2013 WASTE BAMBOO AS A NEW COAL ENERGY AND AIR FILTER (SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH – CHEMISTRY) GROUP: CREATOR FROM THE CREATOR 1. MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN KAMARUZAMAN 12231 2. MUHAMMAD NURASHID BIN KHALID 12264 FASILITATOR:
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MINI THESIS
SCHOOLWIDE ENRICHMENT MODULE
TUN GHAFAR BABA MJSC
JASIN, MELAKA
2013
WASTE BAMBOO AS A NEW COAL ENERGY AND AIR FILTER
(SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH – CHEMISTRY)
GROUP: CREATOR FROM THE CREATOR
1. MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN KAMARUZAMAN 12231
2. MUHAMMAD NURASHID BIN KHALID 12264
FASILITATOR:MISS ROSMURNI
AUTHOR ADMISSION
We certify that this is our own work except excerpt and summary that we get and be treated from the sources that we have stated.
I, Miss Rosmurni confirmed that the research carried out by the members of this group is truly original and there is no element of imitation during the process. I hope that there are no concerns from anyone.
First and foremost, all praises and thanks are due to Allah the Almighty who gave us guidance, ability and patience to complete this research work. Here we would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the following people who made this research possible.
We would like to express our appreciation to our supervisor Miss Rosmurni. Without her continuous support and guidance, this research would not be possible. Her wisdom and valuable comments contribute greatly to the improvements of this work. We consider ourselves to be very fortunate to be under her supervision.
We also want to thank to Miss Husna binti Azahar ( ), Dr. Mariam binti Mat Salleh, our beloved principle for giving us the opportunity to conduct this project, Pn Muhibah (SEM coordinator) for being excellent mentors to us. May Allah give His blessing to all of them.
We would like to thank our fellow friends at Tun Ghafar Baba MJSC, Muhammad Zuhair bin Juhari, Muhammad Ifzan bin Abdul Rashid and Muhammad Syazwan bin Syamsuddin for their friendship and support. Their sense of humour always makes our journey very enjoyable and can never be forgotten.
We would like to acknowledge and extend a very gracious thank you to our beloved parents and family for their endless encouragement, inspiration and persistent help to better our work. Our family has been a tremendous asset to us in our quest to complete our research and we are incredibly grateful to them.
Last but not least, thank you to all who have been involved directly or indirectly in the completion of this research. Without all the above mentioned our project making will not go this far beyond satisfication.
ABSTRACT
Bamboo material has an extraordinary micro-structure. It has a high absorption ability after carbonization and becomes even more effective after activation. Bamboo charcoal can be used to purify water and eliminate organic impurities and smells. Bamboo charcoal is known to have high porosity. Various impurities or foreign matter will be absorbed over the wide surface area of the charcoal. So our main idea is to use the bamboo charcoal inside the air filter and exhaust in vehicles. This is because the air filter and the exhaust only filter the dust but not the smell and harmful gases. For this project, we use waste bamboo from ‘lemang’ to make the bamboo charcoal. To produce normal bamboo charcoal is very difficult. We found a simple way to produce bamboo charcoal introduced by Dr. Junji Takano from Japan. Firstly cut the waste bamboo into small sticks and wrap it with aluminum foil and make sure there is no hole. Make a small hole at the end of the wrapping to let the accumulated gas to escape. Place a wire mesh on a stove and put the bamboo sticks on the top of it. First, put up a small and weak flame. Soon, white steam-like gases will come out. Increase the flame after a few minutes. If it turns into a whitish smoke, then turn off the gas stove. Sink the bamboo sticks into a water basin for a few minutes and open the aluminum foil and hard bamboo charcoals will produces. To know the effeciency of the bamboo charcoal, we done a pH test. We devide 100g of bamboo charcoal into two portion. The first portion was put into conical flask labelled A and soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. The second portion was put in descicator where the acetic acid is place. It then was overnight for 48 hours. The charcoal was transferred to a conical flask labeled B with distilled water for 24 hours. The distilled water in both conical flask A and B were filtered and ready for pH test. Based on the result, the pH value of the charcoal after placed in the descicator has decreased from 9.54 to 3.86. It was shown that the charcoal is acidic after placed in the descicator. Hence, there is a possibility that these charcoals had absorbed the moisture from vapourize acetic acid which contain strong odour. But, the mechanism of the absorption process need to be further investigated.
TABLE OF CONTENT
No Content Page
Author Admission
Facilitator Confirmation
Acknowledgement
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Problem Statement
1.2 Objective
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Bamboo Charcoal
2.1.1 Background
2.1.2 Bamboo Carbonization
2.1.3 Process in Bamboo Charcoal
2.2 Air Filter
3.0 Methodology
3.1 Preparation of Simple Bamboo Charcoal
3.2 pH Test
4.0 Results
4.1 The Change of pH Value of Bamboo Charcoal
5.0 Discussion
6.0 Conclusion
7.0 Bibliography
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The main purpose of this research is to study whether wasted bamboo can be
use to form new coal energy and become an odour absorber in the air filter in
vehicles. We investigate how far the potential of waste bamboo charcoal to absorb
odour. The benefits of using waste bamboo as the charcoal because it is easy to find
it anywhere. It also eco-friendly as its not contain any harmful and poisonous
chemical substances.
The usage of bamboo plant are already known worldwide such as for construction
and furniture industries, textiles and paper. Beside the plant itself, its waste also
could give benefits to the mankind. One of them is used as raw material for activated
carbon which can be used in wastewater treatment. Bamboo material has an
extraordinary micro-structure, it has a high absorptive capacity after carbonization
and becomes even more effective after activation. It can be used to purify water and
eliminate organic impurities and smells. Bamboo charcoal is known to have high
porosity. Various impurities or foreign matter will be absorbed over the wide surface
area of the charcoal. Based on these properties, this bamboo charcoal (activated
carbon) has potential to be as odour absorber.
The air filter in the vehicles is just filter the dust but it does not filter the
unpleasant smell from the engine. So, we want to make an innovation to include the
bamboo charcoal in the air filter. Besides the air filter, we also want to include the
bamboo charcoal in the exhaust and air conditioner. So, the surrounding air can be
more fresh and save to breath.
The idea of this experiment came when one of us read an article published by
Guanzhou Eastern Dragon Household Factory in China which is a big company that
have market their product to the worldwide. They stated that bamboo charcoal has a
high absorptive capacity. So, it has a potential as an odour absorber. We hope we
had choose good reasons to convince you why we are doing this environmentally
project.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
To overuse waste material which is bamboo to reduce waste.
To reduce air pollution and unpleasant smell.
To find another alternative that is more effective and efficient to filter the air in
the vehicles.
To prove the efficiency of the bamboo charcoal to absorb the odour.
To maximize the benefit of bamboo charcoal to reduce the usage of harmful
substances in vehicles.
To preserve the mother Earth by conserving the usage of bamboo plant.
To prove the statement from Guanzhou Eastern Dragon Factory in China.
CHAPTER 2
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 BAMBOO CHARCOAL
2.1.1 BACKGROUND
Bamboo charcoal is made up of pieces of bamboo, which are taken from
plants five years or older and burned inside an oven at temperatures over 1000° C. It
not only provides a new way to utilize bamboo, but also benefits environmental
protection by reducing pollutant residue. Bamboo charcoal is an environmentally
functional material that has excellent absorption properties.
Bamboo charcoal is made of bamboo by means of a pyrolysis process.
According to the types of raw material, bamboo charcoal can be classified as raw
bamboo charcoal and bamboo briquette charcoal. Raw bamboo charcoal is made of
bamboo plant parts such as culms, branches, and roots. Bamboo briquette charcoal
is made of bamboo residue, for example, bamboo dust, saw powder etc., by
compressing the residue into sticks of a certain shape and carbonizing the sticks.
There are two equipment processes used in carbonization, one is a brick
kiln process, and the other is a mechanical process.
Bamboo charcoal is mainly used as fuel for cooking and drying tea in China
and Japan. Most bamboo charcoal for fuel is bamboo briquette charcoal, and the rest
is raw bamboo charcoal . Bamboo material has an extraordinary micro-structure: it
has a high absorptive capacity after carbonization, and becomes even more effective
after activation. Bamboo charcoal can be used to purify water and eliminate organic
impurities and smells. Drinking water sterilized with chlorine can be treated with
bamboo charcoal to remove residual chlorine and chlorides. In addition, a process