Sem 6 full Report Projek Politeknik - baixardoc

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

1.1 Introduction

We had made a major modification of our final project, the amazing Water

Recycle System in previous entry with something which is more useful. Thus,

our current activity was set up to refining our prior project into something that

give meaningful effect to us as a students, as a designer and a human being.

The main reason of building this Water Recycle System is to encourage

young people to pay respect to environment.

1.2 Synopsis

This project shows the basic of developing a simple system recycle using

microcontroller and can be further developed for more advanced application.

This project will be use to reuse water from two source that come from rain

water and river water. And, this system also will display it on LCD display.

We used the PIC16F877A system to operate the circuit. This PIC system will

control the program. Beside that, we also using IC Clock and LCD 20x4

(LM004L) to display real time and date.

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1.3 Objective

Objective for project subject that compulsory to be taken by all student of

Diploma in Electronic Engineering at POLYTECHNIC TUANKU

SULTANAH BAHIYAH are:

The main objective of this project can be described as:

Reuse the contaminated water.

Prevent pollution.

To reduce organisation's operating cost

To make a technology as a way for solving a human problem.

1.4 Scope of Project

This project using the PIC 16F877A that have 8-bit microcontroller with 34

I/O, that operate with 5V supply and their output baud rate is 9600 bps, LCD

(20x4character display), LED as the output for PIC microcontroller, PCB

circuit board and also related electronic circuits.

This project will use following main hardware:

PIC 16F877A

Clock IC (DS1307)

LCD Alphanumeric 20x4 (LM004L)

Water Sensor

Buzzer

Motor Pump

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1.5 System Overview

Figure 1.1 System Overview

1.6 Problem Statement

A study was being conducted our upper project that entitled Water Recycle

System taken based on with sparked idea from our monitoring and

observation on human way of life nowadays. This project coined to ease

consumer to engage of water quickly and easy and save cost organize.

Furthermore, with the existence of this project it able facilitate more work to

carried out with long distance area perimeter and condition getting more

complicated if uncertain weathers lately. To overcome the problem with run it

at anytime is wanted.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of

current knowledge and or methodological approaches on a particular topic.

Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any new

or original experimental work.

Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as theses, a

literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its

ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic

and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be

needed in the area. A well-structured literature review is characterized by a

logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent,

appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology and an unbiased and

comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic.

The report that we want to be produced needed a few factor that should be

taken consideration until that project implemented. To get a quality project

result, we need to study about the type of material, design , components that

we used, framework installation , installation method and maintenance ,level

of product safety, structural strength, project size and so on that we need

make it and consider the result that we get. This is all ensure that no any

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problems would arise during the completion or even when presenting the

project.

Hence, systematic and detailed planning must be arranged for produce a

complete and perfect project. First step that we need made it, was design daub

(sketching) for get the real image of machine that we want to be produced.

Due to this, the work design and study that we made is a continuing process

and it involving problem solving activity creatively namely which is known

as literature study.

2.2 MOTOR DC PUMP

Description:

KNF's NMP08 miniature diaphragm pump is capable of transferring the

largest volume of water in this size range with high efficiency and

contamination-free operation. It is ideal for use in portable, battery operated

equipment where performance, power consumption, minimal weight, and size

are important. KNF's “OEM Project Pump” program provides a variety of

cost reductions and affordable modifications that will optimize our product to

match your design‟s performance requirement.

2.2.1 Pump Features:

• Oil-Free, Contamination-Free Transfer:

Retains pumped medium purity and increases system reliability as

they are maintenance-free and have no sliding seals to wear away.

• Patented, Multi-Port Valves:

KNF‟s multi-port valve system maximize flow rate for high

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efficiency. An integral sealing-ridge reduces back flow to

negligible levels.

• Fits Into The Smallest Devices:

KNF's engineers combined high performance with precision

miniature packaging to produce an efficient, compact unit.

Portable instruments can be made smaller and lighter, and run

longer between recharges. A brushless DC model is available as

standard product for high reliability and continuous-duty

applications.

• Excellent Mechanical Stability and Chemical Resistance:

Ryton® heads exhibit consistent performance throughout the life

of the pump. Ryton® also has excellent chemical resistance.

Other diaphragm and valve materials are available.

• Flexible Mounting Options:

Optimally placed mounting holes in the compressor housing

enable you to mount this pump in any position.

• Low Noise Level

An enclosed compressor housing minimizes noise transmission

and keeps dirty away from critical components.

2.2.2 Applications:

• Asbestos Particle

Counters

• Portable Dosimeters

• Gas or Odor Leak

Detectors

• Gas Chromatography

• Portable Analytical • Portable Analytical

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Table 2.1: Applications of motor

2.2.3 Electric Usage

Motor

Voltage

6 VDC, 12 VDC 6 VDC, 12 VDC,

24 VDC

6 VDC

Motor

Current @

Free-Flow

85 mA, 40 mA 50 mA, 40 mA,

20 mA

175 mA

Motor

Type

Brushless:

DC/Integrated

driver

Brushless:

Type DC

Brushless:

Type DC

Table 2.2: Electric Usage

Instruments

Instruments

• Blood Pressure Monitors • Medical Diagnostic

Equipment

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2.2.4 Performance Characteristic

Figure 2.1: Performance Characteristic

2.3 PIC16F877A

Microcontroller PIC16F877A is one of the PIC Micro Family microcontroller

which is popular at this moment, start from beginner until all professionals.

Because it is very easy using PIC16F877A and use FLASH memory

technology so that can be write-erase until thousand times. The superiority

this Risc Microcontroller compared to with other microcontroller 8-bit

especially at a speed of and his code compression. PIC16F877A have 40 pin

by 33 path of I/O.

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PIC16F877A perfectly fits many uses, from automotive industries and

controlling home appliances to industrial instruments, remote sensors,

electrical door locks and safety devices. It is also ideal for smart cards as well

as for battery supplied devices because of its low consumption. EEPROM

memory makes it easier to apply microcontrollers to devices where

permanent storage of various parameters is needed (codes for transmitters,

motor speed, receiver frequencies, etc.). Low cost, low consumption, easy

handling and flexibility make PIC16F877A applicable even in areas where

microcontrollers had not previously been considered (example: timer

functions, interface replacement in larger systems, coprocessor applications,

etc.).In System Programmability of this chip (along with using only two pins

in data transfer) makes possible the flexibility of a product, after assembling

and testing have been completed. This capability can be used to create

assembly-line production, to store calibration data available only after final

testing, or it can be used to improve programs on finished product.

Figure 2.2: PIC16F877A

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Figure 2.3: PIC16F877A Pin Diagram

Figure 2.4: Schematic Diagram Of Microcontroller Connections