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SELF ACTUAL WHAT?SELF ACTUAL WHAT?
It refers to the desire for self-fulfillment, namely, to the tendency
for them to become actualized in what they are potentially.
What a person can be, they mustbe. This need, we may call self-
actualization
This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and
more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of
becoming. (Maslow)
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EXPERIENTIAL LEARNINGEXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
This adapted andenhanced LewinianExperiential learningModel, is based upon
work by Kurt Lewin.Learning is shown as acycle. Chavkin promotesthe importance ofexperiential learning foradult learners: this kind of
active learning is beingused successfully today asthe exception to thetraditional model (1)
Concrete
Experience
Observations
& Reflections
Formation of
abstractconcepts &
generalizations
Testingimplications of
concepts in new
situations
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MASLOWS HIERARCHICAL PYRAMIDMASLOWS HIERARCHICAL PYRAMID
Abraham Maslow
(1943) built a
hierarchical pyramid
relationship for humanneeds. At the base are
basic physical needs
like food and shelter.
At the top is self-actualization.
Self-Actualization:achieving ones potential,
including creative activities
Esteem Needs: prestige,feeling accomplishment
Belongingness & loveneeds: intimate
relationships, friends
Safety Needs: security,safety
Physiological Needs: food,water, warmth, rest
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THETHE REISSREISS PROFILEPROFILE
Dr.s Steven Reiss & SusanHavercamp sought to studyMaslows theory in a scientificmanner. The Reiss profileconcluded: The results
provided some support for theidea that motivation changes asadults mature (Reiss &Havercamp, 49).
They continue: If it is true thatsome adults lose interest incareer and the physical aspectsof life, what are the fundamentalstrivings of older adults?
Honor, family, and idealism were shown to be more prepotent for older thanyounger adults (50). Maslow had confined the concept of self-actualization to
older adults (qtd. In Reiss and Havercamp, 43).
See table 2
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TABLE 2: MOTIVATION SCORES ACROSS AGETABLE 2: MOTIVATION SCORES ACROSS AGE
GROUPS (N=1,712)GROUPS (N=1,712)
0-20
n=459
21-35
n=647
36-55
n=331
55+
n=277
Lower motive
Vengeance
Eating
Romance
Physical exercise
Category
23.9
30.7
22.8
33.6116.6
18.7
29.7
25.0
31.2113.8
13.8
28.5
22.8
25.499.7
13.8
27.8
16.5
22.392.4
Higher motives
Honor
Family
Idealism
32.6
34.8
29.7
33.7
36.1
31.6
36.2
37.7
33.2
39.3
38.4
33.3
Other motives
Power Status
Tranquility
Social contact
Curiousity
Independence
Order
Acceptance
29.026.9
20.5
34.89
35.2
23.1
29.1
28.9
27.725.0
21.2
33.2
36.8
22.7
29.2
30.0
26.420.5
21.2
30.0
36.7
21.6
27.9
28.3
23.021.4
24.2
32.9
34.9
24.5
31.5
28.9
Age Group
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GENERATIONAL CONTEXTGENERATIONAL CONTEXT
Another study performedby Laura Holyoke andErick Larson surveyedadult learners based upon
their placement in agenerational context; theBay Boomers (1943-1960), Gen-X (1960-1980),and the Millennial (1981-
2002).
They found adults viewedlearning differently as theyage. Readiness to learn,orientation to learn, and
motivation to learn wereattributes explored.Letting adult learners doassignments that pertainto their real life situation
provides a naturalorientation to learn newtheories for eachgeneration(21).
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PLA: PRIOR LEARNING ASSESSMENTPLA: PRIOR LEARNING ASSESSMENT
The process in
granting credits for
college-level learning
from previous lifeexperience.
Better outcomes for
participants:
56% earn degrees
within 7 years asopposed to 21% of non
PLA adult learners.
Cathy Brigham and Rebecca Klein-Collins of Council for
Adult & Experiential Learner state that these findings
support claims that PLA is a strategy that will help adults
earn degrees(112)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review 50, 370-96
Reiss, Steven & Havercamp, Susan. "Motivational in Developmental Context: A New Method forStudying Self- Actualization." Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2005): 41-53.
Philippe, E. (2009, October 7). Self-ActualizationandEducation. Retrieved May 20, 2011, fromSuite 101: http://www.suite101.com/content/the-role-of-selfactualization-in-education-a156590
Taylor, Eldon. Self Actualization Speech. 13 Jan. 2008 YouTube. 22 May 2011.
