Seleshi Bekele Awulachew (Ph.D) Senior Water and Climate Specialist ACPC-UNECA

UNECA ClimDev-Africa

Mainstreaming Water In Climate Change Adaptation

Workshop of the Lead Coordinators of the African Group of

Negotiators on Climate Change Addis Ababa, August 13-17, 2012

Seleshi Bekele Awulachew (Ph.D)Senior Water and Climate Specialist

ACPC-UNECA

Climate Change

Meets Policy

UNECA

Outline

This presentation covers:• The Nairobi Work Programme• Water under NWP and UNFCCC Process• Progresses• ACPC Related Works• Key Messages and Issues for AGN

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The Nairobi work programme - Objective

Assist all Parties, in particular developing countries, including the least developed countries and small island developing states to:

a. Improve their understanding and assessment of impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change;

b. Make informed decisions on practical adaptation actions and measures to respond to climate change on a sound scientific, technical and socio-economic basis, taking into account current and future climate change and variability.

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Overview of the Nairobi work programme

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Water in the UNFCCC process

Article 4, para 1(e) commits Parties toDevelop and elaborate appropriate and integrated plans for coastal zone management, water resources and agriculture, and for the protection and rehabilitation of areas, particularly in Africa, affected by drought and desertification, as well as floods”

National Communications which all Parties report on the steps they have undertaken to implement the Convention provide information on vulnerability and assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures, including those relating to water

National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs)

provides a process for LDCs to identify and prioritize actions to respond to their

urgent and immediate needs with regard to adaptation to climate change.

(74 priority projects relate to water of 485 projects as at 2011)

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Water in the Nairobi work programmeSBSTA 34 agreed to discuss the impacts of climate change on water resources and integrated water resources management under the NWP

Technical paper on water and climate change impacts and adaptation strategies (made available for Durban negotiations)

Durban mandate to organize, in collaboration with NWP Partner organizations and relevant organizations, a technical workshop on water and climate change impacts and adaptation strategies before SBSTA 37 (COP 18) and to include indigenous and traditional knowledge and practices for adaptation and gender-sensitive tools and approaches as cross-cutting issues.

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SBSTA 36Mid 2012

COP 18SBSTA 37End 2012

SBSTA 38Mid 2013

COP 19SBSTA 38End 2013

COP 16SBSTA 33End 2010

SBSTA 34Mid 2011

COP 17SBSTA 35End 2011

Technical workshop on ecosystems-based approaches, workshop report produced (2013)

Technical workshop on water (J uly, Mexico City), workshop report

SBSTA 38 re-consideration of the NWP work areas, to support the CAF.

Review is completed with mandates for interim activities before COP 17

NWP timeline

Compilation of case studies on national adaptation planning processesSubmission

deadline on potential new work areas

COP 19 to consider recommendations from SBSTA 38

COP 17 decision on the ext. of the NWP with new mandates

COP 16, review of second phase commences before COP 17

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Water Under NWP UNFCCC ProgressesKnowledge sources• NWP partner organizations have pledged actions contributing to the enhancement of

understanding and assessment of vulnerability and adaptation practices in the water sector.• Existing knowledge products-such as adaptation planning practices interface and local

coping strategies provide information on adaptation planning and practices on vulnerable sectors, including water

• Climate Change and Freshwater Resources: A Synthesis of Adaptation Actions Undertaken by Nairobi Work Programme Partner Organizations, 2011 in collaboration with GWP

• UNFCCC Compendium on methods and tools to evaluate impacts of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate change, including on water resources.

Round TableStockholm RT Objectives• To open discussion on priority themes linking water, climate change impacts and

adaptation• To identify areas for focussed discussion for technical workshop based on gaps and

needs• Identify potential outputs and outcomes for the technical workshop• To identify challenges in the exchange of information and knowledge between

stakeholder groups• Discuss need and opportunities for linkages, collaboration and knowledge sharingOutcomes• to feed into planning for the technical workshop• Of all the existing gaps and needs for action, the highest priority actions

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Objectives of the Technical Workshop 18-20 July 2012

a) assist all Parties, in particular developing countries, including the lDC and SIDS to improve and develop shared understanding of:– impacts and vulnerability of freshwater resources and water related

sectors to climate change;– practical adaptation planning and practices that reduces

vulnerability of fresh water resources and water-related sectors;– data, information and research needs, and opportunities, including

on knowledge sharing and management and collaboration among stakeholders at all levels for integrated water resource management and building resilience of water resources to climate change

b) provide a potential direction for future work on water, climate change and adaptation in the context of the Nairobi work programme

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Main Conclusion of the Technical WorkshopBroad agreement on a thematic focus on water through which the NWP of work

can/will provide recommendations on water related adaptation actions/initiatives/measures with the aim of:-

• financing adaptation• provide information and capacity building on adaptation within UNFCCC• address cross-cutting issues and engagements• bridging knowledge gaps • facilitate dialogue/information between decision makers, scientist and

practitioners • engage in dialogue and consensus building around water and CC• be a helpdesk/central contact for water related adaptation knowledge and

practices

Visit: http://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/workshops_and_meetings/items/6955.php

UNECA ClimDev AfricaProgramme Delivery- Partnership, Roles and

ResponsibilitiesThe Climate Change and Desertification Unit (CCDU): Advocacy i.e. Political leadership & coordination of Africa’s common position on climate change

The African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC): Policy i.e. Programmatic activities to develop climate policy capacity through knowledge generation, advocacy and advisory services

The ClimDev Special Fund (CDSF) : Financing demand-led investments on the ground for generation and use of climate information

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UNECAThe ClimDev Africa Programme

Construct solid foundation in Africa for the response to climate change based on:

Building solid science and observational infrastructure;

Enabling strong working partnerships between government institutions, private sector, civil society and vulnerable communities; and,

Creation and strengthening of knowledge frameworks to support and integrate the actions required.

UNECAClimDev Africa, 2012-2014

Summary of the ClimDev Africa Result Areas Include:• Widely available climate information, packaging and dissemination

– With a focus on climate science, data, information and services. This includes extensive engagement with the meteorological and hydrological communities

• Quality analysis for decision support and management practice– With a focus on climate resilient and low carbon, development the economics

of such development, and sectoral issues• e.g. in the areas of water, land, agriculture, energy, and infrastructure

– This includes extensive engagement with policy, practice and research communities

• Informed decision-making, awareness and advocacy– Including the CCDA Conferences, an presence at COPs, and outreach at all

levels to the policy, practice and research communities • ClimDev Africa Programme functioning

– Secretariat, CDSC Meetings, establishment of the CDSF(at the AfDB) and the CCDU (at the AUC)

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ACPC working program 2012-2014 Result Area 1 Outputs

Widely available climate information, packaging and dissemination

1. Rescue of historical meteorological and hydrological data2. Data management of climate and hydrological data3. Upgrade telecom, observation and data collection systems

for upper air and surface networks4. Quality monitoring of greenhouse gases, air quality, inland

lakes, African oceans, coastal environments and glaciers5. Hydrological observations and data management6. Detect and attribute carbon sources and sinks7. Early warning and seasonal forecasting8. Long term climate projections and scenarios9. Climate information packaging for all climate sensitive

sectors and end users

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Programmatic activities- programme & stakeholders engagement

Climate and DevelopmentPolicy Community Practice Community

Research Community

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Climate science, data and information

Climate resilient development Low carbon development

Climate finance and economics

•Knowledge generation and sharing•Advocacy and consensus building•Technical coop’n and capacity dev.

• Frameworks, strategies, plans • Case studies and examples• Research and partnerships

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ACPC Stakeholders –CC & Water focus

Important• Mapping partners (primary/secondary) • Engagement directly or through partners• Defining impact pathway and roles through ACPC activities

Global Continental Regional National Local

Policy UNFCCC, Other UN (UN-Water, UNISDR, UNESCO, UNEP, ….), ….

AUC, CAHOSC, AGN, M Councils, UNECA, AfDB, Pan African Par.

RLBO, RECS, Ministries (Environment, Water, ….), Universities

Communities, Households

Practice UN Initiatives, World Bank, ….

NEPAD & CAADP, PIDA, WSA, NGOs, …

RECs, Commissions, TB projects

Met & hyd dep, water, agriculture, energy, ….

Communities, individuals, …

Research/knowledge sharing

IPCC, UNESCO-IHP, CGIAR (IWMI, CCAFS, ….), ARI (Global climate centers, Research), Intra-ACP GCCA, …

WB 7 River Basins, CORDEX, Network of Universities, ACMAD, AMESD/MESA …

Climate centers (ICPAC, AGRHYMET, …) , RLB Initiatives, CILLS, …

Universities,Research Centers, NGOs,…

Communities, experts, scientists, ….

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Water & Climate Works Eg of KSM & Stakeholders

• Africa Wide Expert Consultation• Key Knowledge Products – Working papers, policy briefs, book chapters,

IPCC reviews, etc• Project Examples

– Climate Data and Information System in 8 countries to be out scaled to 54 countries

– ACP-World Bank Infrastructure and Climate Change in 7 River Basins of Africa

– West Africa TB Aquifer Management– ……..

• Knowledge Sharing, Dissemination and Advocacy Examples– CCDA-I and II– CoP17– National- sub-regional – continental mechanisms– Intra-ACP GCCA

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ACPC Work Example: Major Programme Areas in 8 countries • Climate data and information for development

– Assessment of existing data and information system– Meteorological data rescue, upgrade network, modernize the system– Hydrological data rescue, upgrade network, modernize the system– Setting up MRV and related capacity

• Climate change adaptation climate resilience– Analytical tool and methods for extreme events– Climate change effects on key sectors: agriculture, water, energy, …– Climate change adaptation, technology needs assessment and finance

• Climate change mitigation and low carbon development– Climate change mitigation and technology needs assessment– Exploration of opportunities: technical, policy, financial for LCD

• Capacity building & technical support– Knowledge support in implementation of Rwandan

• climate change R&D and strategy • MIDIMA Strategy

– Support in curricula development, ToT, dissemination/communication, graduate programmes

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ACPC Example: Costs and benefits of adaptation projects in 5 selected river basins

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ACPC Work ExamplesAddressing the climate vulnerability of Africa’s infrastructure

Objectives1. Quantify the impacts of climate change

on performance of infrastructure in the water (irrigation, water supply, hydro-power), power pool, and transport sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa;

2. Identify, demonstrate and cost, robust adaptation approaches for planning, evaluating and designing specific infrastructure investments in the face of climate uncertainty;

3. Formulate actionable recommendations for policy makers (at the regional, sub-regional and national levels) on how to enhance the climate resilience of infrastructure development, and mobilize the required resources

Project area

Three sectors1. Water infrastructure (hydropower,

irrigation, municipal/industrial water supply)

2. Power pools (with hydropower input)

3. Roads

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Conceptual frameworkSteps to be followed• For each sector (hydropower,

irrigation, power pools, roads, water supply), the OBJECTIVE VARIABLES that Policy makers are interested in achieving will be specified in the base line (no climate change) and under climate change;

• Next DECISION VARIABLES will be specified which can be used to achieve the target of the objective variables.

• Finally the DEVIATIONS from baseline targets of the objective variables caused by climate change (assuming no adaptation) will be evaluated

• For adaptation decision variables that minimize the average or maximum regrets will be selected

Example for irrigation sectorSector Objective

variableA. Baseline(no climate

change)

B. Climate change

Decision variables

B.1 No adaptation B.2 Adaptation

Estimate of climate change impacts

Decision variables(regional/national level)

Decision variables(higher resolution case studies)

Irrigation Achieve yield consistent with country plans.Complete any gaps in the national plan using optimal irrigation scheme at a threshold rate of return

-Scheduling of projects included in master plan

-Design of individual schemes

Deviation in domestic crop yield from no climate change baseline, and value of lost (or gained) yield

-Irrigation efficiency across the basin-by adjusting farm-level irrigation type, for example- to hold yield constant

-Additional irrigation allocated reservoir storage-Modify the timing of an investment plan

-Altered design of irrigation infrastructure

-Alternative cropping patterns

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Project implementation

Progress of the project

• Inception workshop conducted (May, 2012)

• Stocktaking report on climate change impact in Africa prepared

• Project communication initiated– Web portal established– eRoom created

Web portal of the project

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Key Messages: Adaptation in water

Knowledge generation, sharing, brokering through effective SH engagement:– Reduce uncertainty and knowledge gaps– Co-generation of knowledge

Enhance WRD & IWRM– Leapfrog in development, and water is one of the crucial path for CR & LCD

Use efficiency and sustainability– Adopt critical interventions and technologies that are sustainable– Increase land and water productivity, efficiency and value per unit of resources

Technology– Technology transfers and access

Increase finance, investment and governance– Accessing adaptation funds to support WRD pays of and lead to ‘Concrete

adaptation activity’ in Africa– Urgent investment need to rescue meteorological and hydrological records,

upgrading networks, enhance knowledge base, climate service, etc– Enhance policy and governance mechanisms

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UNECAIssues for AGN to Consider

• Development of Africa’s untapped water resources could contribute both to mitigation (eg hydropower, agriculture intensification) and adaptation (agricultural productivity, drought, flood, coastal protection, CRM) – needs allocations in adaptation, new market mechanisms and GCF

• Water resources be taken as a theme under NWP and adequate focus on in adaptation wok programme

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• How can ACPC be more useufl to AGN??• Comments and questions

UNECA ClimDev-Africa

Climate Change Mitigation and adaptation through better water management

Mitigation is about gases.Adaptation is mainly about water.

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Thank youThe ACPC

[email protected]/acpc

Climate Change

Meets Policy

ClimDev-Africa