E-7-i July 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page E-7 Seismic Evaluation of Retaining Walls ............................................... E-7-1 E-7.1 Key Concepts ....................................................................... E-7-1 E-7.1.1 Description of Potential Failure Mode............... E-7-1 E-7.1.2 Reservoir Water Surface Elevation.................... E-7-1 E-7.1.3 Wall Geometry ................................................... E-7-1 E-7.1.4 Moment Capacity ............................................... E-7-3 E-7.1.5 Shear Capacity ................................................... E-7-3 E-7.1.6 Seismic Hazard .................................................. E-7-3 E-7.1.7 Wall Backfill ...................................................... E-7-3 E-7.1.8 Counterforted Walls ........................................... E-7-3 E-7.1.9 Seismic Earth Pressure Theories........................ E-7-4 E-7.1.10 Screening............................................................ E-7-9 E-7.2 Determination of Static and Seismic Earth Pressures .......... E-7-9 E-7.2.1 Mononobe-Okabe ............................................ E-7-11 E-7.2.2 Wood’s Solution .............................................. E-7-14 E-7.3 Finite Element Model of Soil/Wall System ....................... E-7-17 E-7.4 Centrifuge Modeling of Retaining Walls........................... E-7-19 E-7.5 Structural Analysis ............................................................. E-7-21 E-7.6 Event Tree .......................................................................... E-7-21 E-7.7 Node 1 – Reservoir Water Surface Elevation .................... E-7-24 E-7.8 Node 2 – Seismic Load Ranges = ...................................... E-7-24 E-7.9 Node 3 – Concrete Stress ................................................... E-7-24 E-7.10 Node 4 – Reinforcement Response to Bending ................. E-7-25 E-7.11 Node 5 – Shear Capacity Exceeded ................................... E-7-26 E-7.12 Node 6 – Wall Displacement Fails Gate ............................ E-7-27 E-7.13 Node 7 – Kinematic Instability .......................................... E-7-27 E-7.14 Node 8 – Wall Deflection Creates Seepage Path between Embankment and Wall and Internal Erosion Ensues ............................................................................ E-7-28 E-7.15 Consequences..................................................................... E-7-28 E-7.16 Results ................................................................................ E-7-29 E-7.17 Accounting for Uncertainty ............................................... E-7-29 E-7.18 Relevant Case Histories ..................................................... E-7-29 E-7.18.1 Austrian Dam, California ................................. E-7-29 E-7.18.2 Shi-Kang Dam, Taiwan ................................... E-7-31 E-7.19 Considerations for Comprehensive Review/Periodic”Assessment ........................................ E-7-32 E-7.20 References .......................................................................... E-7-32 E-7.20.1 Other Resources ............................................... E-7-31
SEISMIC EVALUATION OF RETAINING WALLS
May 20, 2023
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