Seismic Activity Daily Homework: Plot the seismic activity (earthquakes) that occur each day from the following website: .

Seismic ActivitySeismic ActivityDaily Homework: Daily Homework: Plot the seismic activity Plot the seismic activity (earthquakes) that occur each day from the (earthquakes) that occur each day from the following website: following website: www.iris.edu/seismon/last30.htmlwww.iris.edu/seismon/last30.html

Seismic ActivitySeismic ActivityLongitude:Longitude:•Lines that run vertical on a map.Lines that run vertical on a map.•Meridian (semi-circle) lines that extend to Meridian (semi-circle) lines that extend to each pole. each pole. •Prime Meridian is the central line that Prime Meridian is the central line that divides the east from the west hemisphere. divides the east from the west hemisphere. (Greenwich, England)(Greenwich, England)•Time zones are located near meridian lines. Time zones are located near meridian lines.

Seismic ActivitySeismic ActivityLatitude: Latitude: •Lines that run horizontal on a map.Lines that run horizontal on a map. •Parallel lines that run parallel to the Parallel lines that run parallel to the equator. equator. • The equator divides the north hemisphere The equator divides the north hemisphere from the south hemisphere. from the south hemisphere.

EarthEarth

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EarthEarthWhat branch(es) of Earth Space studies the composition and processes of Earth?

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Earth’s LayersEarth’s Layers

geo.rhul.ac.uk

Earth’s LayersEarth’s Layers

The Formation of Earth’s Four The Formation of Earth’s Four LayersLayers

Earth was created approximately 4.5 billion Earth was created approximately 4.5 billion years ago.years ago.

As the Earth began to cool some parts of it As the Earth began to cool some parts of it became dense and heavy. became dense and heavy.

Crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- Crust is made of the lightest materials (rock- basalts and granites) basalts and granites)

Core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron).Core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron).

Geologist have determined there are four layers.Geologist have determined there are four layers.

Earth’s LayersEarth’s Layers

2,900 kilometers thick

Crust- 5-40 kilometers thick

2,250 kilometers thick

1,300 km thick

(solid state)

The CrustThe Crust

The CrustThe Crust•Earth’s crust is very thin. (5 -40 km thick)

•Temperature range: 98F (air temp.) - 1600 F)

• •Crust Types: Continental and Oceanic

•Continental crust: Composed of granite rock.

Oceanic crust : Composed basalt rock (volcanic rock).

*Basalt rock is denser than granite rock. *

•The crust is broken into pieces called plates.

geology.about.com

geology.com

The MantleThe Mantle

The MantleThe Mantle Layer located under the crust.Layer located under the crust.

Largest layer of the Earth’s crust, 2900km thick. Largest layer of the Earth’s crust, 2900km thick.

Temperature range: 1600 F at top – 4,000 F at bottomTemperature range: 1600 F at top – 4,000 F at bottom

Composed of hot dense rock that circulates throughout this layer Composed of hot dense rock that circulates throughout this layer due to a large temperature range. due to a large temperature range.

Convection currents: Convection currents: Currents that cause the rock movement in the Currents that cause the rock movement in the mantle. Currents are produced by the changes in temperature throughout mantle. Currents are produced by the changes in temperature throughout the mantle. the mantle.

!!

Convection CurrentsConvection Currents

What else does convection currents move?

Convection Current Convection Current Connection:Connection:Lava LampsLava Lamps Sketch a lava lamp.Sketch a lava lamp.

Draw a convection Draw a convection current in your lava current in your lava lamp showing the lamp showing the temperature temperature changes that occur changes that occur in the lamp.in the lamp.

Illustrate Illustrate temperture temperture differences with differences with colored pencils. colored pencils.

The CoreThe Core

• A ball of very hot metals.•Temperature Range 4,000 F – 9,000F

Outer CoreOuter Core

2,250km

•1,800 miles below the crust.•2,250 km thick•Metals are in the liquid state.

Inner Core Inner Core 4,000 miles below the earth’s 4,000 miles below the earth’s

surface.surface. 1300 km thick.1300 km thick. Metals are in solid state.Metals are in solid state.

Inner CoreInner Core

Bell Ringer: Modeling Earth’s Bell Ringer: Modeling Earth’s LayersLayers Using the thickness Using the thickness

of each layer and of each layer and the diagram to the the diagram to the right determine the right determine the distance distance each each layer layer is is from the from the surface of the surface of the Earth.Earth.

*core:*core:

*mantle: *mantle:

*outer core:*outer core:

*inner core:*inner core:

(5-40 km thick)

(2,900 km)

(2,250 km)

(1,300 km)

Bell Ringer: Modeling Earth’s Bell Ringer: Modeling Earth’s LayersLayers Identify the four Identify the four

layers of the Earth layers of the Earth and include the and include the thickness of each thickness of each layer in kilometers layer in kilometers (km).(km).

Using the thickness Using the thickness of each layer and the of each layer and the diagram to the right diagram to the right determine the determine the distance distance each each layer layer is from the is from the surfacesurface of the Earth. of the Earth.

(5-40 km thick)

(2,900 km)

(2,250 km)

(1,300 km)

A SCALE MODELA SCALE MODEL

Now it’s your turn to create your Now it’s your turn to create your own scale model of Earth’s own scale model of Earth’s layers. Accuracy, neatness, and layers. Accuracy, neatness, and creativity will be taken into creativity will be taken into account when grading your account when grading your model.model.

The CrustThe Crust•The crust is apart of the Lithosphere.

•The crust is broken up into pieces called plates.

Modeling Earth’s Layers Modeling Earth’s Layers LabLab