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SEEP2D & GMS:Simple Tools for Solving a Variety of
Seepage ProblemsSimple Tools for Solving a Variety of
Seepage Problems
Clarissa Hansen, ERDCClarissa Hansen, ERDC--CHLCHL
Fred Tracy, ERDCFred Tracy, ERDC--ITLITL
Eileen Glynn, ERDCEileen Glynn, ERDC--GSLGSL
Cary Talbot, ERDCCary Talbot, ERDC--CHLCHL
EarlEarl EdrisEdris, ERDC, ERDC--CHLCHL
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SEEP2D
• 2-D finite element seepage model• Written by Fred Tracy,
USACE-ERDC-ITL,
published 1973• Late 1970s – Dr. Tracy published
groundbreaking
work on visualization and pre- and post-processing for FEM
models.
• Simple, mesh-based interface for SEEP2D firstincluded in GMS
v2.1, 1998.
• GMS v6.0 (2005) has a newly updated map-basedinterface
• 2-D finite element seepage model• Written by Fred Tracy,
USACE-ERDC-ITL,
published 1973• Late 1970s – Dr. Tracy published
groundbreaking
work on visualization and pre- and post-processing for FEM
models.
• Simple, mesh-based interface for SEEP2D firstincluded in GMS
v2.1, 1998.
• GMS v6.0 (2005) has a newly updated map-basedinterface
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SEEP2D Applications
• Isotropic/anisotropic soilproperties
• Confined/unconfinedprofile models
• Saturated/unsaturatedflow for unconfined profilemodels
• Confined flow for plan(areal) models
• Flow simulation in thesaturated and unsaturatedzones
• Isotropic/anisotropic soilproperties
• Confined/unconfinedprofile models
• Saturated/unsaturatedflow for unconfined profilemodels
• Confined flow for plan(areal) models
• Flow simulation in thesaturated and unsaturatedzones
• Heterogeneous soilconditions
• Axisymmetric modelssuch as flow from a well
• Drains
• Heterogeneous soilconditions
• Axisymmetric modelssuch as flow from a well
• Drains
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SEEP2D cannot simulate…
• Transient or time varying problems• Unconfined plan (areal)
models• Transient or time varying problems• Unconfined plan (areal)
models
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Governing Equation
0)( =∇••∇ hK
0=∂∂+
∂∂
∂∂+
∂∂+
∂∂
∂∂
xhyxKy
hyyKyyhxyKx
hxxKx
h=total head (elevation + pressure head)
K=hydraulic conductivity
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Department of Defense GroundwaterModeling System (GMS)
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Groundwater Modeling System(GMS)
• 3D sub-surfacecharacterization forgroundwater modeling
• Supports 2D and 3D FEM,FDM, and analytic codes
• Incorporates advanced 3Dpost-processingvisualization tools
• 3D sub-surfacecharacterization forgroundwater modeling
• Supports 2D and 3D FEM,FDM, and analytic codes
• Incorporates advanced 3Dpost-processingvisualization tools
• Supported Models– MODFLOW2000– MODPATH– FEMWATER– WASH123D–
ADH– SEEP2D– ART3D– SEAM3D– MT3DMS– RT3D– UTCHEM– MODAEM
• Supported Models– MODFLOW2000– MODPATH– FEMWATER– WASH123D–
ADH– SEEP2D– ART3D– SEAM3D– MT3DMS– RT3D– UTCHEM– MODAEM
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GMS Quick Facts
• First version released late 1994• Current version is v6.0•
Developed by consortium of federal, academic
& private concerns• Graphical interface by EMRL at BYU• Over
700 Fed Gov’t users and thousands more
in over 90 countries
• First version released late 1994• Current version is v6.0•
Developed by consortium of federal, academic
& private concerns• Graphical interface by EMRL at BYU• Over
700 Fed Gov’t users and thousands more
in over 90 countries
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Obtaining GMS• Employees of DoD, DoE, NRC, EPA and their on-
site contractors can obtain free licenses for GMSat
http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/gms.
• Groundwater Modeling Technical Support Centerat ERDC handles
GMS user support and training.
• Others can purchase licenses by contactingEMS-I at
http://www.ems-i.com.
• Employees of DoD, DoE, NRC, EPA and their on-site contractors
can obtain free licenses for GMSat
http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/gms.
• Groundwater Modeling Technical Support Centerat ERDC handles
GMS user support and training.
• Others can purchase licenses by contactingEMS-I at
http://www.ems-i.com.
The GMS download comes withthe SEEP2D executable andsource code,
two SEEP2Dtutorials and the SEEP2Ddocumentation.
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Setting Up a SEEP2DSimulation in GMS
1. Set up Conceptual Modela) Set up domainb) Assign soil
propertiesc) Redistribute verticesd) Assign boundary conditions
2. Build Computational Mesh3. Map Boundary Conditions4. Run5.
View Results
1. Set up Conceptual Modela) Set up domainb) Assign soil
propertiesc) Redistribute verticesd) Assign boundary conditions
2. Build Computational Mesh3. Map Boundary Conditions4. Run5.
View Results
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Sample Problem
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Import Image
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Create Conceptual Model
Right mouse click
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Right mouse click
Create Coverage
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Set Up Domain
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Create Material Types
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Assign Material Properties
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Double mouse click
Assign Materials to Polygons
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Redistribute Vertices
NodesVertices
Arc
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Redistribute Vertices
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Right mouse click on arc
Redistribute Vertices
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Assign Boundary Conditions
Specified head= 937.8 ft
Specified head= 913.0 ft
Exit FaceBoundary
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Shift-select arcs
Assign Boundary Conditions
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Shift-select nodes
Assign Boundary Conditions
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Assign Boundary Conditions
Specified Head Specified Head
Exit Face
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Right mouse click
Build Computational Mesh
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Initialize SEEP2D Simulation
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Right mouse click
Map Boundary Conditions
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Save the Simulation
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Run SEEP2D
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View Results
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Conclusion
• SEEP2D is a fast, simple tool for seepageanalysis.
• GMS provides a nice interface for setting up theproblem and
assigning boundary conditions.
• GMS also provides multiple options for viewingand analyzing
the results.
• Best of all… SEEP2D and GMS are free forfederal employees
(DoD, DoE, EPA, NRC)
• SEEP2D is a fast, simple tool for seepageanalysis.
• GMS provides a nice interface for setting up theproblem and
assigning boundary conditions.
• GMS also provides multiple options for viewingand analyzing
the results.
• Best of all… SEEP2D and GMS are free forfederal employees
(DoD, DoE, EPA, NRC)
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Issues to Consider:
• Mesh resolution• How to handle the unsaturated zone:
– Linear Front– Van Genuchten parameters
• Mesh resolution• How to handle the unsaturated zone:
– Linear Front– Van Genuchten parameters
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Mesh Resolution
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Unsaturated Zone Flow
• Conductivities are lower than the saturated valueand can be
tied to the pressure head.
• SEEP2D calculates Kr, relative conductivity, anduses the
following equation to determine theconductivity at each node having
a negativepressure head:– K = Ksat * Kr
• Conductivities are lower than the saturated valueand can be
tied to the pressure head.
• SEEP2D calculates Kr, relative conductivity, anduses the
following equation to determine theconductivity at each node having
a negativepressure head:– K = Ksat * Kr
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Unsaturated Zone Flow
• Two ways to determine Kr:– Van Genuchten Parameters
• User supplies α, n.• Estimated for several soil types in:
– Carsel, F. F. and R. S. Parrish. 1988. Developing
jointprobability distributions of soil water
retentioncharacteristics. Water Resources Research 24, no.
5:755-69.
– Linear Approximation• User supplies ho, Kro
• Two ways to determine Kr:– Van Genuchten Parameters
• User supplies α, n.• Estimated for several soil types in:
– Carsel, F. F. and R. S. Parrish. 1988. Developing
jointprobability distributions of soil water
retentioncharacteristics. Water Resources Research 24, no.
5:755-69.
– Linear Approximation• User supplies ho, Kro
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Unsaturated Zone FlowSand
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1
Pressure Head (ft)
Rela
tive
Cond
uctiv
ity, K
r
Van Genuchtenho = -0.27ho=-0.24
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Unsaturated Zone FlowLoamy Sand
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1
Pressure Head (ft)
Rela
tive
Cond
uctiv
ity, K
r
Van Genuchtenho = -0.28ho=-0.207
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Loamy Sand – Van Genuchten
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Loamy Sand – Linear, ho=-0.28
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Loamy Sand – Linear, ho=-0.207
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Conclusion
• SEEP2D is a fast, simple tool for seepageanalysis.
• GMS provides a nice interface for setting up theproblem and
assigning boundary conditions.
• GMS also provides multiple options for viewingand analyzing
the results.
• Best of all… SEEP2D and GMS are free forfederal employees
(DoD, DoE, EPA, NRC)
• SEEP2D is a fast, simple tool for seepageanalysis.
• GMS provides a nice interface for setting up theproblem and
assigning boundary conditions.
• GMS also provides multiple options for viewingand analyzing
the results.
• Best of all… SEEP2D and GMS are free forfederal employees
(DoD, DoE, EPA, NRC)
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Contact Information
• Clarissa Hansen• (601)634-2102• Coastal & Hydraulics
Laboratory, ERDC, USACE• [email protected]
• Clarissa Hansen• (601)634-2102• Coastal & Hydraulics
Laboratory, ERDC, USACE• [email protected]