Seeking spices and converts, European nations lead successful voyages of exploration to the East. China and Japan both limit foreign contact after a brief.

Seeking spices and converts, European nations lead successful voyages of exploration to the East. China and

Japan both limit foreign contact after a brief period of acceptance

Italians controlled the trade and charged them high prices for the trade goods.

“God, glory, and gold” the hope to convert Muslims to bring fame and prestige to themselves

and their countriesenrich themselves

Prince Henry the Navigator founds a navigation school on the

southwestern corner of Portugal mapmakers instrument makers shipbuilders scientists sea captains

Africa to Asia

Brings down prices so Europeans can afford Asian goods

1492 – Columbus reaches the Caribbean Tension grows between Portugal and

Spain 1493 – Pope Alexander VI steps in and

sets the Papal Line of Demarcation 1494 – Portugal and Spain negotiate and

sign the Treaty of Tordesillas

1600 – Dutch own 20,000 ships

Amsterdam becomes a leading commercial and financial center

Upon completion, students should be able to:

1.Summarize the rise of the Ming Dynasty.2.Explain the outcome of the early

Chinese sea voyages.3.Describe living conditions under the

Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Advances under the Ming and Qing dynasties left China self-contained and uninterested in European contact

The first Ming emperor, Hongwu encouraged a return to Confucian moral standards

Ming rulers would not allow outsiders to threaten the peace and prosperity they had brought to China following the end of Mongol rule

The Voyages of Zheng He1405 - Sponsored by Hongwu’s son YongloSoutheast Asia, India, Arabia, and eastern Africato impress the world with the power and

splendor of Ming China and to expand China’s tribute system

ships up to 440 ft. long with fleet’s crews numbering over 27,000

Chinese scholars-officials see the voyages as wasteful

Seventh and last voyage ended in 1433

China Isolates ItselfOnly the government to conduct tradeChinese merchants smuggled cargoes of

silk, pottery, and other valuable goodsConfucian beliefs and agriculturally

favorable taxes keep China from becoming highly industrialized.

after 200 years of rule ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, bad harvests, economic issues, and rebellion cause the fall of the Ming Dynasty

the Manchu people from the northeast end of the Great Wall invaded

they took the name Qing for their dynasty that lasted for more than 260 years

bring Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet into China

forced Chinese men to wear their hair in a pigtail as a sign of submission to their rule

uphold Confucian beliefs and social structures

made the frontiers safe and restored China’s prosperity

Kanxi, 1661-1721 reduced government expenses offers intellectuals government positions keeps a relationship with Jesuits who keep him up

to date with developments in Europe Kanxi’s grandson Qian-long rules China to its

greatest size and prosperity continue policy of isolation and “Chinese rules“ for

trade

King George III asks for a better trade arrangement

representative Lord George McCartney refuses to kowtow the emperor

Qian-long denies Britain’s request Why was the kowtow ritual important to

the Chinese emperor?

Korea follows Chinas lead: paying tribute,

adopting a Confucian government, and staying isolated

China’s “little brother” Manchu invasion and 1590 Japanese

invasion evoke feelings of nationalismKorean themes evident in art

Daily Life farmers favor sons over daughterswomen

educated children and handled family finances 1/2 to 2/3 suffered through foot-binding drama is popular as literacy rates are low

Upon completion, students should be able to:

1. Trace the events that allowed Japan to become united under Tokugawa Ieyasu.

2. Describe feudal life in Japan.3. Summarize the early contacts between

Japan and the Europeans.4. Discuss the reasons why Japan became

an isolated country in the 17th century.

After a period of severe disorder, the Tokugawa Shogunate unifies Japan. In the two centuries of peace and prosperity that follow, the Japanese close their country to foreign ideas by banning Christianity and severely restricting foreign trade

Tokugawa Ieyasuunites Japan, 1600moves capital to Edo, modern-day Tokyodaimyo govern at the local level“rule of law” overcomes “rule of the sword” increased food productions increased populationmerchant class and rich prosperpoor still strugglewomen work in traditional rolestowns people read urban fiction and haikuTokugawa Shogunate rules until 1867

Portuguese come to trade daimyo are welcoming intrigued by trade goods, especially

firearms and cannons new fortified castles turn into towns and

cities with the attraction of artisans and merchants

Christianity in Japan Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans convert

Japanese 300,000 converts by 1600 Ieyasu finds Christianity troubling so he bans it in

1612Persecution of Christians continues All Japanese are forced to demonstrate a

faithfulness to some branch of Buddhism1639 – Tokugawa Shogunate institute a “closed

country policy” that lasts for more than 200 years

START OF JAPANESE ISOLATIONISM