Security System 2

7/29/2019 Security System 2

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Industrial SecuritySystem with Auto Dialer

I. Ravi 03B81A0446 V. Ravi Kumar 03B81A0448 G. Satish Kumar 03B81A0460


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BLOCK DIAGRAM


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ACCESS CONTROL Access control refers to the practice of

restricting the entrance to a physicalproperty, a building or a room to

authorized persons.

Access control can be achieved by

1. Human ( a guard or receptionist )2. Mechanical means ( locks and keys )

3. Electronic means ( passwords, access

cards etc. )

Basic requirements of access control1. Authenticity

2. Reliability

3. Easy of use


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Authenticity

Access control systems are desired to be able to

authenticate the user based on his unique proof ofownership or physical criteria.

Reliability

The reliability of access control system is decided by

various factors including failure rate, up-time and thesecurity level..

Ease of use

The ease of using the access control system is often the

most desirable feature. It often burdensome for user topass through such access control system and hence it ismust to achieve simplicity in the application usage.However a solution should not be a compromisetowards security


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VIBRATION DETECTOR

A vibration sensor uses thin film piezoelectric

transducers to sense nearby mechanical vibrations.

Two basic types of vibration detectors are

1. Shock detectors : sensing high amp vibrations

2. Seismic detectors: sensing low amp vibrations

Shock detectors are installed mainly onmulticomponent, elastic window and door frame

structures. The sensitivity of the detector enables

detection of low frequency vibrations like those

occurring in elastic building materials.

Seismic detectors are installed mainly on a hard,

uniform base e.g. steel plates or concrete walls.

Their detection time is longer than that of a shock

detector and as a result their false alarm immunity

is higher.


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SMOKE DETECTOR

A smoke detector isbasically an electrical circuitthat gets interrupted ordisturbed by smoke particles.

All smoke detectors consistof two basic parts: a sensorto sense the smoke and avery loud electronic horn towake people up.

Two most common types ofsmoke detectors are

1. Photoelectric detectors

2. Ionization detectors


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PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR

Inside the smoke detector there is a lightsource and a sensor, which are

positioned at 90-degree angles to one

another.

In the normal case, the light from the

light source on the left shoots straight

across and misses the sensor. When

smoke enters the chamber, however, the

smoke particles scatter the light and

some amount of light hits the sensor.

Photoelectric detectors are better at

sensing smoky fires, such as a

smoldering mattress.


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IONIZATION DETECTOR

An ionization chamber is very simple. It

consists of two plates with a voltage acrossthem, along with a radioactive source of

ionizing radiation, as shown in the figure.

It can detect particles of smoke that are too

small to be visible. It includes a tiny mass of

radioactive americium-241, which is a source

of alpha radiation.

The radiation passes through an ionization chamber, which is an air-filled space

between two electrodes, and permits a small, constant current to flow between the

electrodes.

Any smoke that enters the chamber absorbs the alpha particles, which reduces theionization and interrupts this flow of current, setting off the alarm.

Hot air entering the chamber changes the rate of ionization and therefore, the electric

current level, which triggers an alarm.

This type of detector is cheaper than the optical detector, however it is sometimes

rejected for environmental reasons.


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AUTO DIALER

Telephone key pad

Whenever there is intrusion or accidents

(fire, smoke etc) occurs in the industry auto

dialer automatically dials the already fednumbers.

When dialing the microcontroller generates

dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) signals

corresponding to phone numbers being

dialed.

In a dual tone telephone system, the dial

tone corresponding to each digit is a

superposition of two sine waves with

different frequencies. Once the user chooses a phone number

from the e-directory to dial, the

microcontroller will generate a "sequence"

of DTMF pulses that correspond to the

sequence of phone number digits.


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FIRE SENSOR

Fire sensors are an essentialfacilities element for detecting

fires in industries accurately

and quickly and for reliably

accomplishing both first-order

firefighting and second-orderdisaster prevention.

The main methods of detecting

fires include: detecting the

infrared rays generated by theflame, detecting the temperature

rise caused by the fire, and

smoke detection.


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LPG SENSOR

Butane and Propane LPG (Liquefied

petroleum gas) are heavier than air,and can collect in the bilge if theres a

leak. When the concentration of gas to

air rises to 2% (the lower explosive

limit or LEL), the mixture will ignite

if you strike a match to light thecooker or if there is a spark from your

electrical system.

The LPG sensor is made from a

sintered metal oxide, which, ondetecting gas passing over it,

increases in electrical conductivity.

This is used to trigger the alarm.


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IR DETECTION

The area under surveillance is

monitored by an infrared detector

which activates the transmitter upon the

receipt of abrupt differences in infrared

radiation levels, associated with the

presence of a warm body in an

otherwise equilibrated environment. The two basic parts for working with

IR are the emitter and the detector.

The emitter is typically an LED that

emits near-infrared light. A typical

wavelength is 880nm, which is just

beyond the human eyes ability to see.

There are several types of detectors for

IR light. There are photo-diodes, photo-

transistors, and a couple others.

Security System 2

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