Sectoral Specialization ProjectonEntrepreneurship and small
business Management SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: NATURAL BEE FARMby,
Ashvini S FulpagarSubmitted to, Prof.Nitin Wani(Submitted in
partial fulfillment of the award of Master of Management
Studies)Jankidevi Bajaj Institute of Management & StudiesSNDT
Womens University, Mumbai
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project is the outcome of sincere & positive
contribution of various personalities. The encouragement &
guidance extended to me in completing this project cannot be
translated in words.I also take this opportunity as privilege to
express a deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Nitin Wani, for their
continuous encouragement, invaluable guidance and help for
completing the present research work. They have been a source of
inspiration to me and I am indebted to them for initiating me in
the field of research.I wish to express a special thanks to all
teaching and non-teaching staff members, Janakidevi Bajaj Institute
of Management Studies, Mumbai for their forever support. Their
encouragement and valuable guidance are gratefully
acknowledged.
Place: Mumbai Ashvini S Fulpagar Date: 09/12/2013MMS-II
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP4What is social
entrepreneurship?5Why "Social" Entrepreneur?6The Difference between
Social and Business Entrepreneurship9Part-AINTRODUCTION TO BEE
FARMING10Executive Summary13Business Background13Vision:14MARKETING
ASPECTS14Marketing Strategies16HUMAN RESOURCE20FINANCIAL
ASPECTS21MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION24Part-BFACTORS MOTIVATING TO
BE A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR28Part-CCASESTUDIES301.SEARCH by Dr. Abhay
Bang and Rani Bang302.Vibis natural bee farm By Josephine
selvaraj313.GOONj-By Anshu Gupta32SECTORAL REPORT: Natural Bee
Farm
III
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Most economists and academics support the notion that
entrepreneurship is becoming a crucial factor in the development
and well-being of societies. Whether the entrepreneurial activities
are practiced in factor-driven, efficiency-driven, or
innovation-driven economies, the ultimate results continue to
exhibit: i) lower unemployment rates; ii) increased tendency to
adopt innovation; and iii) accelerated structural changes in the
economy. Entrepreneurship offers new competition, and as such
promotes improved productivity and healthy economic
competitiveness.Entrepreneurship is an act of individuals who
utilize their innovation, finance and business acumen to transform
a new idea into a value added venture. New ideas coupled with
management and leadership skills, gives birth to new businesses
which drive employment, capital formation and creation of wealth in
the country. This in turn helps reduce unemployment, eradicates
poverty and is a hope for a better life for millions of young and
aspiring professionals.One type of entrepreneurship, which has
taken root over the last few decade especially in under-developed
and developing countries is Social Entrepreneurship and is playing
a very critical role today.Social entrepreneurs are driven by a
desire to aid, improve and transform the social sector. This could
be in the area of education, health, rural development, environment
or help in improving economic conditions for the needy via
microfinance or access to funding.This is diametrically different
than charity where the practice is focused more towards benevolent
giving and caring and then the person walks away. In Social
Entrepreneurship the focus is not only on helping the poor and
needy, but teaching them some competency, some skill, using which
they can later, even without your help improve their lives and
economic conditions on a sustainable basis. These are predominantly
run as non-profit ventures.The field of social entrepreneurship is
quickly becoming established, and supporting organizations have
emerged, but the true potential of the movement has hardly been
tapped. When we combine the efficiency and innovation of business
with the compassion and insight of charity, the result is a
powerful new way to fight poverty, hunger, illness, and
inequalitySocial entrepreneurship is the field in which
entrepreneurs tailor their activities to be directly tied with the
ultimate goal of creating social value. In doing so, they often act
with little or no intention to gain personal profit.Objective:The
main specific aim of the study is to find out the importance,
benefits of social entrepreneurship especially in India, its
managerial aspects to setup a (hypothetical) small scale social
enterprise. What is social entrepreneurship?Whenever society is
stuck or has an opportunity to seize a new opportunity, it needs an
entrepreneur to see the opportunity and then to turn that vision
into a realistic idea and then a reality and then, indeed, the new
pattern all across society. We need such entrepreneurial leadership
at least as much in education and human rights as we do in
communications and hotels. This is the work of social
entrepreneurs.The Social entrepreneurship is a mission-driven
individual who uses a set of entrepreneurial behaviors to deliver a
social value to the less privileged, all through an
entrepreneurially oriented entity that is financially independent.
Social entrepreneurships:1 mission driven: They are dedicated to
serve their mission of delivering a social value to the
underserved.2 act entrepreneurially through a combination of
characteristics that set them apart from types of entrepreneurship3
act within entrepreneurially oriented organizations that have
strong cultural of innovation and openness.4 act with financially
independent organizations that plan and execute earned-income
strategies. The objective is to deliver the intended social value
while remaining financially self-sufficient. This is achieved by
blending social and profit-oriented activities to achieve
self-sufficiency, reduce reliance on donations and government
funding, and increase the potential of expanding the delivery of
proposed social value.Social entrepreneurship is the process of
pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. More
specifically, social entrepreneurs adopt a mission to create and
sustain social value. They relentlessly pursue opportunities to
serve this mission, while continuously adapting and learning. They
draw upon appropriate thinking in both the business and nonprofit
worlds and operate in all kinds of organizations: large and small;
new and old; religious and secular; nonprofit, for-profit, and
hybrid.Business entrepreneurstypically measure performance in
profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account
a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically
furthers broad social, cultural, and environmental goals and is
commonly associated with the voluntary and not-for-profit sectors.
Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to
societys most pressing social problems. They are ambitious and
persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for
wide-scale change.Rather than leaving societal needs to the
government or business sectors, social entrepreneurs find what is
not working and solve the problem by changing the system, spreading
the solution, and persuading entire societies to take new
leaps.Social entrepreneurs often seem to be possessed by their
ideas, committing their lives to changing the direction of their
field. They are both visionaries and ultimate realists, concerned
with the practical implementation of their vision above all
else.Each social entrepreneur presents ideas that are
user-friendly, understandable, ethical, and engage widespread
support in order to maximize the number of local people that will
stand up, seize their idea, and implement with it. In other words,
every leading social entrepreneur is a mass recruiter of local
change makersa role model proving that citizens who channel their
passion into action can do almost anything.
Fig1. A model of Social EntrepreneurshipWhy "Social"
Entrepreneur?Just as entrepreneurs change the face of business,
social entrepreneurs act as the change agents for society, seizing
opportunities others miss and improving systems, inventing new
approaches, and creating solutions to change society for the
better. While a business entrepreneur might create entirely new
industries, a social entrepreneur comes up with new solutions to
social problems and then implements them on a large scale.Social
Entrepreneurship matters because it helps generate social value and
social change. Social Entrepreneurship also matters because it
renders the inherent sociality in entrepreneurship explicit.
Entrepreneurship is more than economic activity it is social in
that it operates within a particular setting defined by
relationships and networks. The outcomes may be economic and/or
social, but the process of entrepreneurship is always social.
Five Pillars of Social Entrepreneurship1. Problem solvingIt
helps to resolve some of the most pressing and intractable social
problems our society faces: Aids, mental ill-health, joblessness,
illiteracy, crime and drugs.Social entrepreneurs often confront
these problems in new ways and find new solutions. These new
approaches could be transferred to the public sector, in much the
same way as small biotechnology and software firms often transfer
their innovations to larger pharmaceuticals and computer companies.
In business we have technology transfer schemes; in welfare we need
social innovation transfer schemes. Public policy needs to help
create a much more effective mechanism to identify, interpret and
disseminate best practice in welfare provision.There is a value to
society as a whole in promoting a diversity of attempts to tackle
problems such as illiteracy or drug dependency. Diversity will help
to promote experimentation and expand the port-folio of possible
solutions.2.Supply-side efficiencyThese projects are often far more
cost effective than the welfare state because they are less
bureaucratic, more flexible and capable of generating far greater
commitment from their staff.3.Active welfareThese schemes are
developing new models of active welfare, in which users and clients
are encouraged to take more responsibility for their lives. In most
of these schemes, welfare is not seen as a sum of money or even a
package of entitlements. Instead, most of these schemes embrace a
philosophy in which welfare and well-being are inseparable from
self-control and self-confidence. These schemes embrace an ethic of
creative individualism which is at odds with the passive, recipient
culture of much of the traditional welfare state.These schemes also
embody an active ethic of giving, which will become increasingly
critical to the traditional welfare state. Hospitals and schools
often provide an important focus to bring together divided
communities. Yet beyond that the welfare state as a whole is not
regarded with much affection, it is not particularly effective at
generating social support cohesion. To many of its critics, the
welfare state breeds passivity, bureaucracy and disillusion.In
contrast, social entrepreneurs excel at mobilizing a diverse
network of people and private sector companies to jointly attack
social problems. 4.Jobs and outputMany of these schemes generate
benefits that can be measured in traditional economic terms,
although many of the entrepreneurs running such projects do not
believe this should be an exclusive measure of their success.Some
community enterprise schemes create viable businesses and jobs. In
so far as this reduces unemployment and generates valuable output,
then this will be of benefit to the economy as a whole, as well as
the people involved. Schemes to regenerate housing estates will
have measurable benefits in terms of reducing vandalism and crime
as well as upgrading the housing stock. Most of these schemes
involve upgrading the skills of the people involved to make them
more self-reliant. This investment in human capital must have some
economic value, even if it is difficult to capture this in monetary
terms.5.Social capital creationSocial entrepreneurs create assets
for communities that would not otherwise exist. The most obvious
examples of these assets are new buildings, new services or a
revived reputation for an area. But in many ways the most important
form of capital that a social entrepreneur creates is social
capital.Social capital is the network of relationships that
underpins economic partnerships and alliances. These networks
depend upon a culture of cooperation, fostered by shared values and
trust.
Characteristics of social entrepreneur Mission leader Persistent
Emotionally charged Social value creator Innovator Committed
Socially alertThe Difference between Social and Business
EntrepreneurshipBusiness entrepreneurs Business entrepreneurs focus
more on the profit and wealth side. Their main goal is to satisfy
customer needs, provide growth for shareholders, expand the
influence of their business, and to expose their business to as
many people as they can. Sometimes, they will overlook the
environmental consequences of their actions. The main priority for
this type of entrepreneur is to gain profit. They need to gain
profit so they can ultimately keep providing services or goods to
their customers, provide for themselves and their families, and
provide for their business expansion.In the process of starting up
their business, they look for gaps in the market to fill. They look
for things that people need or want, and then they try to make a
service or product that will satisfy that need or want. The
ultimate effect is to generate profit in the form of material
things.Social entrepreneurs The social entrepreneurs main focus is
the social and/or environmental well-being. When they see a problem
in the community, environment, or ways of the people, they take
actions toward helping solve that problem. The main goal for the
social entrepreneur is not wealth or money. Rather, they prioritize
more on serving the needs and wants of the community in a more
resourceful way. Sometimes, they will engage in their projects with
little funds and resources, while still making an impact on
society.Social entrepreneurs try to make the world a better place
to live in. They focus more on the greater good. Their projects may
or may not generate value and income. Sometimes, they will invest a
lot of their time and energy in changing society with little in
return. Social entrepreneurs focus on many different topics, such
as the economy, social disorganization, and
inequality.PART-AINTRODUCTION TO BEE FARMING
Bee farming is an agro based enterprise, which farmers can take
up for additional income generation. Honey bees convert nectar of
flowers into honey and store them in the combs of the hive.
Collection of honey from the forests has been in existence for a
long time. The growing market potential for honey and its products
has resulted in bee keeping emerging as a viable enterprise. Honey
and wax are the two economically important products of bee
keeping.Honey is a delicious, thick and viscous fluid obtained from
the hives of honey bees. Bees collect nectars from flowers of
different honey supporting plants and add enzymes to evaporate
water and to convert these into honey. Honey is a valuable
substance, which can be used both for food and medicine. As a food,
it is a good source of energy and as a medicine it can effectively
cure heart diseases, cancer, cold, hearing loss etc. Due to low
water contents, micro- organisms cannot grow in honey and it can be
preserved for a long period of time. As a consequence of these
benefits honey is used widely throughout the world and its high
demand in the international market has made beekeeping a profitable
business. Beekeeping business is being promoted in different
countries of the world especially in agricultural countries like
Brazil, India, Bangladesh and China etc, to attain economic goals
of poverty reduction and export expansion.Beekeeping business is
less expensive as the initial capital requirement is minimal as
compared to other income generating activities. To start a
business, bee colonies are required which can be gyrated for years.
Hence allocating fewer budgets to the business can be initialized.
Further as the raw material for honey is nectar / pollens of
different existing plants, production cost is low which ensures
more profit. Moreover, the nature of work involved in this activity
is technical requiring skills and information only instead of
physical efforts which makes this activity suitable for women.While
maintaining bee colonies, instead of moving or remaining stationary
the most important thing for a beekeeper is to ensure an area where
honey supporting crops / plants are located or cultivated as these
plants have a higher sugar concentration in their nectars, which is
more attractive to bees and helpful in honey production. Hence
beekeeping can be a part time business too.To increase the crop
yield, in some countries farmers have to rent bee colonies for
pollination. As beekeeping does not need additional land farmers in
the areas where honey plants exist or supporting crops are
cultivated, then farmers can adopt beekeeping as a part time
profession resulting in higher incomes and crop yield.Beekeeping
business if promoted can play an important role to alleviate
poverty by engaging the labourforce. It can also reduce the
existing trade gap by increasing exports of honey products. As
beekeeping requires smaller amount of investments and results in
higher profits, it is more effective in income generation and rural
development as compared to the other economic activities of the
country.It is because of these advantages that beekeeping as a tool
for rural development and income generation has been widely
realized and accepted, especially for developing and agricultural
countries. Beekeeping projects in different countries like India,
Zimbabwe, and Bangladesh etc, have been launched to attain these
economic goals. To upgrade living standards of the people,
assistance in the form of funds, management methods, training and
technical information etc, to beekeepers has been provided by the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and
UK Department for International Development (DFID) in the countries
where a lot of poverty exists, like Iraq and Afghanistan.By
engaging the abundant labourforce in this industry a sufficient
amount of honey can be produced, consequently resulting in
attaining the critical goals of poverty alleviation and rising
exports at the same time.To reduce poverty, especially in rural
areas of India where most of the population is engaged in
agricultural activities, there is a need to launch income
supporting programs which are labour intensive, low education
dependent and agricultural based. Beekeeping is directly related
with agriculture and to manage a bee farm is not much complicated
and after a period of short training, beekeepers can perform well
and this business can flourish tremendously. Bee keeping projects
are needed to be launched by providing interest free credit and
high quality bees with training and technical information about the
management of bee farms i.e. working pattern with bees, extracting
pattern of honey from bee hives, use of different equipments etc,
and know how about the cultivation schedule of different honey
crops in India.To increase the exports of honey, from government
side there is a need to search markets on an international level.
Agricultural policies are required to promote honey plants and to
protect beekeepers. There is a need to expand the forests in the
country. Besides this, to raise honey demand in the international
market, domestic producers and manufacturers should be trained to
improve the quality and packing of honey. Furthermore, there is a
need to increase the socio-economic status of the people so that
domestic demand for honey can be increased within the country. It
is a fact that India is an agricultural country and starting
agro-related projects can be helpful to upgrade the socio economic
status of the people.
Benefits to Bee Keeping It takes minimal time and effort in a
season, therefore allowing for normal work-a-day activities to
carry on. It has relatively low technology requirements! It is a
low investment activity which requires only bee hives, bee suits
and a few simple tools. Beekeeping basics are easy to master! Bees
pollinate the indigenous flora, adding value to wild harvested
fruits, nuts and economic trees and plants as well as 1/3rd to any
food production through targeted pollination! Beekeeping projects
can be linked with many other production projects to bolster
participant numbers and income generation! Beekeeping provides
employment and self-esteem; there is opportunity for quick return
on investment, and minimal land requirements! Honey is a valuable
non-wood forest product thus contributing to the preservation of
forests around the world! Honey is a commodity that can be traded
internationally as well as locally or regionally without special
consideration as to storage or loss! Honey is a high value product
with a stable and lucrative supply versus demand economy. Honey is
very portable as well! Honey and its by-products have many healthy
benefits for the consumer and are lucrative trade commodities in
value addition form! Most honeybee products can be consumed as
food, dietary supplements or used as medicine. And bee products
have a long shelf life and are a valuable food source!
Executive Summary
Natural Bee farmNatural Bee Farm is a firm established by
Ashvini Fulpagar . The business is established with the idea of
Social Entrepreneurship. The project is divided into two main
parts. One is a small scale plant of bee farming, which will set-up
an example for people to start the same. Second part involves
activity to train people especially farmers, women and those who
are unemployed because of poverty and illiteracy so that they will
be self-employed. Hence the urban region of Maharashtra state
targeted to setup the project.
Business Background The Urban Beekeeping Project and the
industry of beekeeping have presented us with the opportunity to
start a business while giving back to our society by providing
educational programs to help restore nature conservation and
agricultural knowledge. Hence We people are gathered for Natural
Bee Farm to act as pioneers in diversifying the beekeeping industry
and hope to grow our co-operative to provide others with the same
opportunity to earn a supplementary income. Business Description
Natural Bee Farm is a new business that will initially focus on the
retail of jars of pure honey and feral swarm relocation. Our
mission is to continue to grow as a co-operative in products,
services, members, and educational programs. We value environmental
education and conservation. Objectives The objectives of the
project are i. To market and supply honey and bee services to the
public. ii. To train members in the above mentioned activities.
iii. To inform the sociaty about beekeeping and conservation.iv. To
train maximum people for bee farming including farmers, women and
high school children.Vision:Reach at every village of India to
supply honey and to train people!Business Description and Goals
Natural Bee Farm is a new business that will initially focus on the
retail of jars of pure honey and feral swarm relocation, defining
the primary co-operative as a retail business. The second part will
include training people for starting their own honey bee farming.
The honey to be sold will be pre-jarred wholesale honey purchased
from the Honeybee Foundation. After labeling all jars with our own
logo and story, the pure honey will be sold to the public at local
markets. With the use of a rented bakkie, feral swarm relocation
will be a provided service that combines feral swarm removal with
pollination services. Feral swarm relocation refers to the
capturing of a feral swarm and relocating the swarm to a hive
remaining on the customers property. The swarm will then provide
pollination aid as well as small personal honey production. As
defined in our constitution, our business description and
restrictions include:i. To market and supply honey and bee serves
to the public. This may include honey production, pollination,
feral swarm removal and educational programs in conservation and
agriculture. Future services may include sales of beeswax,
propolis, pollen, bee venom, and royal jelly products. ii. Members
will be trained to market the services of the co-operative, as well
as how to harvest honey and other hive products, perform the
related processes, remove feral swarms, carry out pollination
services, and present beekeeping knowledge in educational form.
iii. The business will not have restrictions within the Beekeeping
Industry environmentMARKETING ASPECTS
Market Honeys sweet taste and medicinal properties segregates no
demographic. Thus, our market is the general public at local
markets (domestic market) of India.Product and Services Natural Bee
Farm will provide pure honey as its first product. The pure honey
is of the Cape Flats wildflowers which provide a particular taste,
color, and story. In addition, we will offer feral swarm relocation
services for those wishing to hive feral swarms for pollination or
personal honey production uses.ProductSupplier
HoneyNatural Bee Farm
JarHilpack Jar
LabelsFevi Stickers
Suppliers Table1.SuppliersTarget Market The immediate market for
the Honey and Bee-related Services is Nasik and the surrounding
districts such as Dhule, Aurangabad, Thane where people with
various income and age reside. Flea markets of these areas will be
targeted for public honey sales and advertisement. Our product is a
favorite of all ages, genders, and denominations for its sweet
taste, cooking use, and medicinal properties. Our story will target
a customer base who wishes to buy locally and support the
sustainable livelihood efforts meant to uplift disadvantaged
communities.Competition Currently, similar companies selling pure
honey in supermarkets and commercial stores include Madhusha, Kisan
Bee, Hilcrest, and Little Bee. Table provides these companies
prices for the amount of pure honey they sell alongside Cape Flats
Honeys product.
COMPANIESAMOUNT JAR MATERIALPRICE
Madhusha500gmGlassRs.48
Kisan Bee500gmPlasticRs.45
Hilcrest250gmGlassRs.33
Little Bee500gm,375gmPlasticRs.42, Rs33
Natural bee Farm250gmGlassRs.25
Table2. Competition Products and Price v/s Natural Bee
FarmCompetitive Edge In order to make sure that the customers
prefer Natural Bee Farms products and services, the prices are
going to be kept affordable and possibly lower than that of the
competitors. The quality of the products and the background of the
founding members are believed to place our Honey at a favorable
position within the industry. Fynbos honey and eucalyptus honey,
which are the main products of Cape Flats Honey, are only produced
in small amounts around Nasik district, thus separating us from our
competition. All the honey produced and sold by natural Bee farm is
100% pure and obtained from flowers. Additionally, the vision
behind Natural Farm Bee makes this business entity unique. Honey
and Bee-related Services is the first co-operative to be formed by
small town residents who have limited education but great passion
for the conservation of nature. As the co-operative grows and the
operations prove to be successful, this company is going to become
a role model for future generations. Our story will show how
someone without much investment of capital, education, environment
and labourforce can become self-employed. Our story will show
members of our town that it is possible to achieve success despite
the disadvantaged conditions of our surroundings and everybody can
become self-employed by following the same procedure. Our story
will also appeal to the customer base who wishes to support the
uplifting of disadvantaged communities.
Marketing Strategies Website and Social Networking Sites Natural
Bee Farm has created a website and Facebook page to allow public
access to the businesss story, services, and contact information.
Additional social networking sites, such as twitter, and online
advertising will continually be researched by the Marketing
Advisor.Door-to-Door Distribution Small pamphlets and flyers with
the business description, services, and contact information will be
personally delivered to the homes of society. The personal delivery
is meant to establish strong customer relations and business
networking that will jump start an initial customer base. Reaching
out to our society will prove useful in two ways: loyal customer
base and society motivation. Personally talking to our community
members will build a relationship that is familiar and close. By
promoting our success through our background story, we hope to
motivate others from our community that they, too, have the
opportunity to be successful either by becoming a member of our
project or starting their own. PublicityThe same flyers used in the
Door-to-Door Distribution strategy will be posted to public
bulletin board of the town, offices, public libraries, civil
hospitals and medicals. Additionally logo, slogan, contact
information will be displayed on pathways to attract attention.
When travelling Door-to-Door, our members will wear a natural
honeys t-shirt to display the businesss service and contact
information in public areas. The marketing advisor will also be
actively contacting newspaper and other printing services to
receive the best deals for printing advertising.
Business Location The main place of business of the firm is
situated at Palkhed in Nasik district. The location is chosen
because here large number farmers doing floriculture. This helps in
bee farming. As well as these farmers can do same side-business of
bee farming and can earn more profit.
Product and Services Product and Service DescriptionThe specific
product that a firm will focus on selling is labeled jars of pure
honey. Honey was chosen as the main product to sell since it
directly relates to the beekeeping activities and knowledge the
firm wishes to sustain and share. Honey is naturally sweet, tasty,
healthy, and enjoyable, which makes it a product for all audiences
regardless of demographic. It can be used for cooking, baking,
sweetening, eating and even wound treatment. Honey is a dynamic
treat that requires very few materials in order to be sold. A jar
of honey consists of three items: purehoney, a jar, and a label.
Our product will initially be a resale of supplied wholesale pure
honey. With the use of a bakkie, feral swarm relocation will be a
provided service that combines feral swarm removal with pollination
services. Feral swarm relocation refers to the capturing of a feral
swarm and relocating the swarm to a hive remaining on the customers
property. The swarm will then provide pollination aid as well as
small personal honey production. Fronted bakkie rental costs will
be covered by the profit generated in the General Reserve Fund by
honey sales and returned by the profit of the feral relocation
service once completed. In addition, Natural Bee farm will be
providing an education program in assistance with current
employees. No additional funding or material is needed for this
service, only time and commitment by co-operative
members.Hence,Primary product: HoneySecondary product: Beeswax,
Propolis , Bee Venom ,Royal Jelly.Primary Services: Feral Swarm
Relocation, Educational Program Secondary Services: Feral swarm
removal, pollination.
Materials and Equipment In order to produce a jar of honey,
there are three items needed: Honey, Jars (Jars refers to both lids
and jar container), and Labels. Jars are necessary to the operation
since they serve as the container for the product. 250g Glass jars
with lids are expected to be used for our final product. The label
will be crucial in providing product identification and
information. We have two labels, one 5cm x 5cm with our story, and
the other 5cm x 10cm with our logo, product description, and
required information. Both labels are utilized to differential
Natural Bee Farm Honey from the competitions.In the beginning
stages of the firm, our honey production will not be sufficient to
meet the markets demand; therefore, if there is need honey will be
purchased from a wholesale supplier. Once the firm reaches a
sufficient self-manufacturing of honey, it will require following
equipments: Bees: Bees are readily available in the wild and the
members of the firm are all trained in the skill of obtaining bee
swarms. The bees are a vital component of the operation since they
are the only natural producers of honey. Bee Hive: The beehive
provides a safe haven for the bees, a location for the bees honey
Production, and a facility for easy honey extraction. Smoker: The
smoker is a tool utilized to manage the bees in the beehive during
the honey collection process. It allows the person collecting the
honey to freely access the hive without running the risk of swarm
attacks. Protective clothing: Special clothes are required to be
worn when dealing with bees. These clothes are used for safety
precautions from potential bee stings. Hive tools: Hive tools are
used to allow the apiculturist to easily open the hive and remove
the hives collection box which contains the bees produced honey.
Extractor: The extractor is a machine utilized to extract the honey
from the hives collection box.
Equipments Used in Honey Production
4
15
Top Honey Exportes in World
Production and Manufacturing Processes Manufacturing Process
Description In order to produce a finalized labeled jar of honey,
there are several steps that need to be taken. As previously
mentioned, there are three items that are fundamental to the
production of a jar of honey: honey, jar, and label. The honey will
be obtained from a wholesale supplier at the start of the operation
and will slowly shift into self-produced honey. The steps provided
in table describe the initial process of obtaining these items and
the final product.
Pure HoneyWholesaler supplied honey: 1. Obtain quotes from
wholesale suppliers on honey from different amounts and price
ranges. 2. Decide which wholesale honey will be most cost effective
and beneficial to the operation while best quality. 3. Purchase the
honey from the supplier and await delivery.
Self-produced honey: 1. Obtain and introduce hives to an open
space (apiary) with surrounding suitable elements for bees to
produce honey. 2. Supply hives with wild swarms of bees. 3. Allow
time (about 3 months) for the bees to produce the pure honey while
periodically checking the hive for any diseases or issues. 4. After
the allowed time has elapsed, remove the honey collection box from
the hive with the help of the hive tools and in the appropriate
attire. 5. Once removed, take the collection box from the apiary to
the extraction facility where the honey will be separated from the
box. 6. The honey collection box is made up of panels which are
place inside the extractor. The extractor then centrifuges the
panel isolating the pure honey.
Jars1. Obtain quotes from suppliers on jars of different sizes
and materials. 2. Decide which jar will be most cost effective and
beneficial to operation while minding quality. 3. Purchase bulk
jars from the supplier and await delivery. 4. Once the delivery
arrives, bottle honey.
Label1. Obtain a designed label with all necessary information,
i.e. logo, slogan, ingredients etc. 2. Send the designed label to
suppliers to obtain quotes on labels of different sizes. 3. Decide
which label will be most cost effective and beneficial to the
operation. 4. Purchase bulk labels from the supplier and await
delivery. 5. Once delivered, label jars.
Once the first production has been complete, a regular purchase
or production of honey, jars and labels can occur to consistently
provide product for sale.
Table2. Production Process for Jars, Labels, and Honey
Environmental Impact: The environmental impact from honey
production is minimal. One of the objectives is to emphasize
conservation. As a result, the group will do everything to keep the
operation as environmentally conscious as possible. The jars that
will be utilized will be made out of recyclable glass instead of
chemically altered plastics. In addition, honey production is
completely fulfilled by bees which are fundamental for the upkeep
of all natural resources. Bees play a crucial role in pollination
of plants and trees as they utilize the flower's pollen and nectar
to create honey. The electrical usage will also be minimal since
electricity will only be utilized in the extraction phase of the
self-produced honey. The firm will be using nearby suppliers to
ensure a small carbon footprint from the delivery trucks. Overall,
Natural Bee Farm Services honey jar production will have a very low
environmental impact while benefiting from the pollination brought
upon by bees.
Quality Control To ensure quality, precise bee farming will be
required of all firm members. Only pure, clean honey will be sold
with no additives or mix of products. All members will from time to
time analyze the health of the bees to ensure healthy, disease free
bees are producing Natural Honey. Addition steps of checking for
appropriate availability of food and water as well as the clean
removal of pests. Once utilizing personal machinery, the machines
will be cleaned by daily routine to ensure best quality
control.
HUMAN RESOURCE
Staffing RequirementsThe staff required for the production of
labeled jars of honey will be very small. Since the firm is within
its initial stages a large staff is not feasible. Our seven
individual employees have all been trained to practice bee farming
under one of Tamilnadus most renowned beekeepers, Josephine
Selvaraj of Vibis Honeybee Foundation. The individuals of our firm
are all capable of dealing with bees, whether conducting a routine
check up on a hive, collecting the honey, or removing and capturing
wild swarms. We all meet the qualifications of someone wishing to
venture into the production business. In addition, we have also
received basic business skills training which will be utilized for
keeping records of the production output, numbers of sales and
purchases, and overall book-keeping necessary for a business to
stay on track. All new members will be required to have the same
training of bee farming and business to ensure sustainable quality
of business.
Suppliers To ensure greatest profit and quality of product,
numerous suppliers of honey, jars, and labels were researched.
Table lays out the completive prices of the different companies for
comparison. From these prices, Hilpaks 250g glass jars were chosen
for the cost analysis and first purchases. Glass jars are desired
over plastic jars for durability and better preservation of
product. Sticker Mix provides the best labeling price per unit and
as a total. The firm can purchase 400 front and back labels for the
same price that Asset Print can provide 200 front labels and 250
back labels.
Jar CompaniesSize Material Minimum QuantityMinimum Order
CostUnit Price
Hillpack250gmGlass378Rs.1150Rs.3.04
The Plastic Warehouse250gmPlastic10Rs.39.90Rs.4
Label CompaniesSize Minimum QuantityDesired QuantityDesired
Order CostUnit Price
Fevi Stickers100mmx50mm100400Rs.575Rs.1.44
50mmx50mm100400Rs.288Rs.0.72
Table 3: Potential Jar and Label Suppliers Minimum Order and
PricingFINANCIAL ASPECTS
Financial Administration Plan Finance Required and Utilization
of Funds :The initial capital will need to cover first purchases of
honey, jars, and labels to provide approximately 6000kg for
sale.The acquired capital sponsored by the fund sources will be
utilized for these initial purchases to start up the firms net
revenue for use of future service and product growth. Once the firm
generates enough revenue with leeway, additional items will be
invested in.
ItemNeeded for StartupMin CostMax Cost
10050 Labels(400)Yes575
5050 Labels(400)Yes288
Additional Beekeeping Equipment
Bakkie Purchase900012000
Bakkie Rental150
Beehive Construction(1)250300
Beehive Purchase(1)400750
Chairs(2)160180
Computer(already have)Yes0
Damaged/lost goods
Fitting Cabinet120180
Fuel150
Honey(100kg)4000
Honey(50kg)Yes2000
Honey Extractor (Buy)15000
Jars(378)Yes1150
Ladder500
PackagingYes200220
Phone 150
Phone Bill99
Protective Boots150
Protective Clothing220
Protective Gloves150
RentYes1
Repairs
Safety Belt120
Taxes2000
T-shirts(Per Shirt)120
5060
Total Startup Cost=4234
Total Predicted Cost=40513
Table 4. Total predicted start-up cost
Financial ProjectionsThe firm is also prepared with the required
costs that future services and products will entail. For security
of slow growth in products, a three year projection of strictly
honey products and feral swarm removal is provided in Table 5 .
Each year, we expect to produce more honey as well as a larger
customer network which describes the increase from year to year.
For the first four months in business we expect to sell 400 jars of
honey a month, the sole product. In May of 2013, enough revenue
should be generated to purchase the required items for feral swarm
removal. For the total of 2013, Rs 45,737 is our approximated
profit. In 2014, we expect to increase our average monthly sales to
600 jars of honey through larger customer base as well as increased
feral swarm removals generating Rs. 75,806 for the year. The next
year will account for, again, a larger increase in honey purchases
and feral swarm removals to establish a third years profit of Rs.
110,675. We project a slow first year due to new experience,
unpredictable fall backs, and small customer base. In three years
time, we plan to be in a much stronger position.
MonthProduct/ServiceMonthlySale(units)Unit
Price(Rs.)TotalProfit(Rs.)Stock
(units)TotalPrice(Rs)Expenses
(Rs)Balance
(Rs)MonthlyTotal(Rs)YearlyTotal(Rs)
2014June-MarchHoneySwam
Removal400225800100001600400216500658910003411600401145737
2015April-MarchHoneySwam
Removal6004258001500032006004165009883200051171200631775806
2016April-MarchHoneySwam
Removal800825800200006400800816500131774000682324009223110675
Table 5: Three Year Projected Honey and Swarm Removal
Revenue
2013(Rs.)2014(Rs.)2015(Rs.)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash429676853694405
Inventory2770727016270
Other Assets000
Depreciation150015001500
Total Assets4723777306112175
Liabilities and Capital
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable43507001500
Current Borrowings000
Long Term Liabilities000
Earnings62971450728322
Net Worth365906209982253
Total Liabilities and Capital4723777306112175
Table 6: Three Year Projected Balance Sheet
For any business, net worth is an important figure to track.
Table provides a three year net worth projection using the
estimated yearly profits shown in above Table. Due to the firm is
small scale, the balance sheet is fairly straight forward.
Initially, very minimal earnings will be distributed to ensure the
majority of the cash flow returns to the firm. In this projection,
we expect our total assets for each of the three years to be
accounted for in the total estimated profits. As a liability, the
earnings will be 10% of the cash assets for the first year, 20% for
the second year, and 30% for year three and likely continued for
the next few years. For simpler tracking, no shares will initially
be sold. The loan taken is returned to bank as a current borrowing.
From accumulated assets and deducted liabilities, the first three
years approximated net worth are as follows: Rs.36,590 for year
one, Rs.62,099 for year two, and Rs.82,353 for year
three.MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
The management team is made up of seven directors. The current
seven directors and their positions are as follows: Ms. Ashvini
Fulpagar as General Manager, Ms. Shital Mohite as Chairperson,
Ms.Nilam Mhaske as Secretary, Ms. Shalini Satre as Treasurer, Mr.
Anand D as Accounting Advisor, Mr. Pravin as Marketing Advisor, and
Mr. Yogesh as Educational Advisor. The duties of the management
team are listed below as stated in the Natural Bee Farm
constitution. The General Manager shall- i. Oversee all elected
positions and operations to assure an effective and functioning
co-operative. ii. Oversee everything pertaining to the business of
the co-operative. iii. Be responsible for actively looking for
business opportunities to propose to the steering committee. iv. Be
responsible for the establishment of business contacts until the
first sale, supply, or other service. Once in business, the
secretary will act as the liaison. v. Be responsible for all
negotiations in sales, suppliers, or other services at the approval
of the steering committee. vi. Be the liaison for customer
complaints, concerns, or questions that are outside the control of
the secretary. vii. Report to the steering committee all things
pertinent to the business of the co-operative.
The Chairperson shall- i. Act on the steering committee. ii. Run
general and special meetings. iii. Write an agenda for all meetings
with the requested agenda topics of the members and steering
committee. The members and steering committee must submit agenda
topic requests to the chairperson at least 2 days prior to the next
meeting. iv. Oversee the bottling, labeling, and boxing operations.
v. Be responsible for assigning available members and directors to
the labor of bottling, labeling, and boxing unless otherwise
fulfilled through an outside resource or supplier. vi. Act as an
assistant to the general manager.
The Secretary shall-i. Oversee the smooth running of the day to
day office operations. ii. Answer and make all general phone calls
relevant to the day to day function of the co-operative. iii. Be
provided with a phone to act solely as the phone of the
co-operative. If the phone requires airtime purchases, the
secretary must record all air-time usage. iv. Receive all financial
records from the accountant and treasurer. v. File records of all
finances, sales, banking, delivery, payments, orders, and cliental
in an organized and readily available manner. vi. Be a co-signer on
all cheques. vii. Act on the steering committee. viii. Inform
members of the date, time, and location of the next general meeting
with at least 7 days prior notice. ix. Record and file minutes for
every general and special meeting.
The Treasurer shall- i. Be responsible for always knowing the
financial standings of the co-operative. ii. Act as the liaison for
all banking or financial related operations. iii. Be responsible
for depositing cash or cheque deposits to the appropriate bank
account. iv. Report to the secretary all financial, banking, and
deposit records. v. Be a co-signer of cheques. vi. Oversee the
calculations and operations of the accountant. vii. Be responsible
for the firms financial books which shall be audited once a year
for tax purposes by an outside party not related to the
co-operative, unless otherwise exempt for up to 3 years by the CR8
Form. viii. Be responsible for seeing that the audit is completed
at the appropriate time. ix. Render a report at each meeting
concerning the updated financial affairs of the co-operative.
The Accounting Advisor shall- i. Be responsible for every
financial calculation including but not limited to payments via
cheque, payments via cash, deposits, transfers, purchases, and
receipts, ii. Collect all fees or other money belonging to the
co-operative. iii. Keep permanent record of all receipts and
disbursements. iv. Disburse all funds belonging to the
co-operative, pay all claims on the treasury, and keep an accurate
account of all money received and expended. v. Assist the Treasurer
in filing all tax and audit forms.
The Marketing Advisor shall- i. Be responsible for publicizing
all co-operative products, sales, and sale locations and times. ii.
Be responsible for developing and publicizing the firms story and
values. iii. Be responsible for the development of the logo and
label or message provided on products and advertisement material.
iv. Act as the liaison for all outside advertisement resources
including but not limited to newspaper ads, television, radio,
signs, flyers, and business cards. v. Be responsible for generating
a yearly marketing plan.
The Educational Advisor shall-i. Be responsible for organizing,
developing, and improving all learning material within the
educational program.ii. Be responsible for planning and
implementing a yearly educational program.iii. Be the liaison for
all outside resources pertaining to the educational program and
development.iv. Be responsible for arranging all details for
educational presentations and assigning available members to the
confirmed presentations.v. Be responsible for educating all members
on the presentation material so that all members can adequately
present the educational program.
Trading HoursThe office hours will take place from Monday
through Friday from 9am until 5pm. Sales and services hours may be
subject to occur outside of office hours determined by appointment
or various market schedules.
Training to PeopleThe firm will have training as a major part of
service. Each week 2 persons from a firm will visit to a nearer
village and will give training to people about bee keeping. The
training will be focused upon collecting people especially needful
women and poor farmers.The firm is aiming at to train people from
each village of Maharashtra at least once and to motivate people
for bee keeping to be self-employed.These motivated people can
continue with our firm or they can start their own.The training
will include Beekeeping as an alternative income venture,
Traditional beekeeping and honey hunting, Modern beekeeping,
Ecology of bees and Bee behavior, Beekeeping equipment and use.
Way Forward
Despite of all risks and challenges, the project must move
forward as proposed.The way forward is to generate sufficient
revenue to conduct the training activities in all over India.
Part-BFACTORS MOTIVATING TO BE A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR
1.Social needs The primacy of the social mission over all other
organizational objectives is the first key determinant of a
potentially socially entrepreneurial venture. A social mission
focus equates to an identification of an unmet social need or a new
social value creation opportunity. In these senses, social
entrepreneur is the one having social responsibility to improve
their communities.2. Societal attitudes The current resurgence of
Social entrepreneurship is a renewal of spirit that promotes the
foundations of the non-profit sector; it is independent, and is
built by individuals who see it as their responsibility to act to
ameliorate social problems. Thus, the involvement with the social
sector allows social entrepreneurs to recognize new opportunities
and, also, to turn themselves into altruistic and more sensitive
citizens, dissatisfied with the status quo and motivated to act
with social responsibility. In this way, specific works in social
entrepreneurship indicate that sensitivity to the feelings of
others motivates social entrepreneurs to create social
enterprises.3. Education Level Social entrepreneurs come from all
walks of life. Some begin their careers as doctors, engineers,
economists, teachers and journalists, among others. The literature
on entrepreneurship states that peoples behavior is usually guided
by their knowledge. Specifically, recent research studies show
that, in general, higher levels of education have a positive effect
on the probability of creating a firm. While research shows that
success of high-performing social organizations depends less on
personality than on the disciplined applications of (teachable)
leadership and entrepreneurial skills. Hence colleges and
universities can prepare students to think and behave like
innovators. Moreover, to develop social entrepreneurs, universities
could establish innovation funds to encourage student change making
and stimulate collaborations with leading social organizations. 4.
Access to financeIt is often assumed that start-up capital is a
significant hurdle for social entrepreneurs. Research shows that in
several countries show that individuals are sensitive to capital
constraints in their decision to take entrepreneurial positions in
particular, self-employment. In the same way, literature on the
emergence and development of social entrepreneurial activities
highlights the existence of financial constraints that social
entrepreneurs must cope with in order to carry out their social
mission. In this sense, many non-profit organizations see social
enterprise as a way to reduce their dependence on charitable
donations and grants, while others view the business itself as the
vehicle for social change. Therefore, as mentioned a reduction of
barriers to access finances, along with greater access to credit,
will positively promote the emergence of new social enterprise
projects, thus reducing the risks of budget uncertainty and
dependence on public grants or aid.5. Public Spending In many
countries, both developed and developing, there has been a
systematic retreat by governments from the provision of public
goods in the face of new political ideologies that stress citizen
self-sufficiency and that give primacy to market-driven models of
welfare. As a result, in many territories, the supply side of
resources available for public goods has remained static or
diminished. In the same way, in countries where the provision of
social services (health, cultural, leisure and welfare) is scarce
and mainly undertaken by public institutions, the emergence of
social entrepreneurs is significant. Hence low levels of public
spending increase the rate of social entrepreneurial
activities.Challenges:Social Entrepreneurship in India has scope to
improve in various sectors like ,To reduce poverty To provide
sufficient water and food to poor peopleTo maintain health and
sanitizationTo give basic services like medicine, education.
Part-CCASESTUDIES
1.SEARCH by Dr. Abhay Bang and Rani Bang
SEARCH (Society for Education, Action and Research in Community
Health) is a non-government organization registered as a public
trust and charitable society in India.It was founded in 1985 by a
doctor couple, Abhay Bang and Rani Bang. Inspired by the life and
philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, trained respectively as a physician
and a gynecologist, and studied at the Johns Hopkins University
USA, for their Master of Public Health. Their dream was to develop
an institution of community health which provided health care to
the local population, and generated knowledge for the global
community by way of research. "Think globally, act locally!" After
their medical studies and Masters in Public Health from Johns
Hopkins University, they decided to relocate to the internal tribal
pockets of Maharashtra. Abhay and Rani set up the Society for
Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH) to
provide community healthcare to the tribes in Gadchiroli district
located in the south eastern corner of Maharashtra, Gadchiroli is
almost entirely rural. It has a large tribal population and had
only 22 per cent literacy, scant transportation, and no industry to
speak of.Dr. Abhay Bang and Dr. Rani Bang's work in the Gadchiroli
district of Maharashtra has changed the face of health care in this
area. Where healthcare was once non-existent, there are now a
tribal-friendly hospital, experienced health workers in villages,
and trained traditional birth attendants.By using rigorous research
methods, they showed that their new approach, the Home-based
Newborn and Child Care (HBNCC) could reduce the infant mortality to
the level of 30 from the baseline of 121. This approach was
celebrated by the Lancet as the Vintage Paper in the Lancet, has
received global recognition and has changed the newborn care policy
in several developing countries.The Government of India has
introduced this approach in the entire country by training 800,00
ASHAs. In 1990, the couple raised a movement for liquor ban in
Gadchiroli district. The movement resulted in liquor ban in the
district in year 1992, being the first example in India of liquor
ban due to public demand. In 2006, they started an initiative -
NIRMAN, for identifying and nurturing social change makers in
Maharashtra.They have received 53 awards international, national,
state and private, including the gold medal of the Indian Council
of Medical Research, Maharashtra Bhushan the highest award in the
state and the Global Health Heroes by the TIME magazine.In the 62nd
Annual Convocation of SNDT Womens University, Dr. Rani Bang (chief
guest) was been awarded by Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters
(Honoris Causa)
2.Vibis natural bee farm By Josephine selvaraj
A 37 old year woman Josephine Selvaraj manages to earn about
Rs.50,000 a month by bee farming. During the flower-blooming
seasons, she pockets a few thousands more. Married to Madurai-based
businessman Selvaraj in her teens, destiny ushered in ample twists
and turns in her life. Some personal family issues put the onus on
Josephine, who always nurtured a dream of becoming a successful
agriculture-based entrepreneur.Her husband motivated her to
complete Post Graduation in History and played a big role in her
entrepreneurship.
So, at the age of 33, Josephine chose not to wallow in
self-pity. Instead, she decided to make her life sweeter. Her
serious and series of thoughts and a restless search for a niche
led her into the premises of Agricultural College where she
registered with Krish Vigyan Kendra for two courses that were in
the pipeline bee keeping and mushroom cultivation. She learnt
bee-farming at KVK to support her family with some extra income. So
she started in 2006, with an investment of Rs 5,000 and ten boxes
to rear the bees. Today she earns about a lakh rupee per month, and
rears bees in more than 8,000 boxes. Josephine sells her honey to
23 districts in Tamil Nadu and also participates in a number of
exhibitions across the country as time permits her to. Her honey is
also supplied to Bangalore, Kerala and Mumbai, and in all she sells
about 6,000 boxes of honey every year. Despite the great quality
and a good demand for her products, Josephine is sure she will not
export her products. There are so many places within India that I
have not yet reached. I want to make sure my honey is available in
every nook and corner of India, before I look outside, she says.The
lady behind the entrepreneur:She has trained to people across
schools, colleges, housewives and spread awareness among as many
people as possible. She does this every second Sunday of the month,
and today has trained 140 housewives and more than 50,000 people.
About 420 people among the lot she has trained have also started
their own bee farms. She was also invited to train inmates from
Madurai Jail, and today 20 inmates from the jail are doing their
own bee-keeping.Josephine is the only women in India to be doing
bee-farming on such a large scale and for her efforts she has won
the Collector Award for her Vadipatti taluka three years in a row.
She was also awarded the Tamil Nadu Governments best farming
practices award in 2010 and has the distinction of being the only
lady farmer to have won that award to date. Josephine was recently
awarded the Janakidevi Bajaj Puraskar 2012 for rural
entrepreneurship.
3.GOONj-By Anshu Gupta
Goonj had demonstrated that cloth can be a powerful development
resource for Indias last-mile communities. Goonj collects, sorts,
repurposes and redistributes the excess and under used resources of
urban households to the rural and urban poor, where material
poverty is the deepest.Village and slum communities, in exchange of
cloth and material, conduct self-organized local development and
infrastructure building programs, leading to more than 500
infrastructure projects every year such as the setting up of
schools, concrete roads, bridges, wells , irrigation canals and
toilets across 1500 villages. The Cloth for Work approach spurs
behavior change on both the demand and supply sides: marginal
communities begin to believe in their own capacity for catalyzing
change and urban India learns to contribute (rather than dispense)
material, based on what the poor need. Every year, Goonj collects,
reproduces and transports 1000 tonnes of materials to ultra poor
communities in 21 states through a country-wide network of 250
grassroots NGOs, 200 engaged business houses, 100 schools and 500+
volunteers, at the cumulative cost of 97 paise per kg of material.
Goonjs sanitary napkins program, created by remnants of waste
cloth, has opened up a new field of development intervention in
female reproductive health, with more than 2 million sanitary
napkins distributed to first-time rural women users. Through its
non-monetary and non-market model, Goonj is thus creating cloth and
material rich communities where the meager resources of poor
families can be freed up for urgent expenditures (rather than for
the purchase of cloth), and village and slum infrastructure can be
less dependent on outside funding. The Entrepreneur Popularly known
as the Clothing Man, Anshu has an educational background in mass
communications and economics. Starting as a freelance journalist,
Anshu left a corporate job in 1998 and founded GOONJ with a mission
to make clothing a matter of concern and to bring it among the list
of subjects for the development sector. An Ashoka Fellow and the
Global Ambassador of Ashoka, Anshu is creating a mass movement for
recycling and reuse of tones of waste material by channelising it
from the cities to the villages, as a resource for rural
development. Hw was the finalist- Social Entrepreneur of the Year
India 2012 by Skwab Foundation.
References[1]http://yourstory.com/2013/01/josephine-selvaraj-is-winner-of-the-20th-janki-devi-bajaj-puraskar-2012/[2]http://www.snvworld.org/files/publications/beekeeping_value_chain_financing_study_in_rwanda.pdf[3]http://www.esfd.cdr.gov.lb/uploads/Honey%20Processing%20Center.pdf[4]
http://www.weforum.org/pdf/schwabfound/seoy/Social_Entrepreneurs_of_the_Year_2013.pdf[5]
http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/fvmhoney.pdf
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