SECTION 12.1 THE FOSSIL RECORD Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. VOCABULARY relative dating isotope radiometric dating half-life MAIN IDEA: Fossils can form in several ways. In the spaces provided, write either the type of fossil being described or a brief description of how the fossil type is formed. Type of Fossil Description of Fossil Formation 1. Organism trapped in tree resin that hardens after being buried. 2. An impression is left in sediment, and minerals fill the impression in, recreating the original shape of the organism. 3. Trace fossil 4. Permineralized fossil 5. Organism becomes encased in materials such as ice or volcanic ash, or immersed in a bog. Unit 4 Resource Book Study Guide 65 McDougal Littell Biology Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company CHAPTER 12 The History of Life
12
Embed
SECTION THE FOSSIL RECORD 12.1 Study Guidespeedwaybiology.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/4/1324858… · · 2013-03-27STUDY GUIDE, CONTINUED MAIN IDEA: There are many fossil of extinct
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
SECTION
12.1THE FOSSIL RECORD
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past.VOCABULARYrelative dating isotoperadiometric dating half-life
MAIN IDEA: Fossils can form in several ways.In the spaces provided, write either the type of fossil being described or a brief descriptionof how the fossil type is formed.
Type of Fossil Description of Fossil Formation
1. Organism trapped in tree resin that hardens after being buried.
2. An impression is left in sediment, and minerals fill the impression in,recreating the original shape of the organism.
3. Trace fossil
4. Permineralizedfossil
5. Organism becomes encased in materials such as ice or volcanic ash, orimmersed in a bog.
Unit 4 Resource Book Study Guide 65McDougal Littell Biology
Cop
yrig
htby
McD
ouga
lLitt
ell,
adi
visi
onof
Hou
ghto
nM
ifflin
Com
pany
CHA
PTER12
TheHistory
ofLife
STUDY GUIDE, CONTINUED
Use Figure 12.2 to fill in a sequence diagram that describes the process of permineralization.
An organism dies. Sediments quickly cover i ts body.
The fossi ls may be exposed mi l l ions of years af ter formation.
6.
7.
MAIN IDEA: Radiometric dating provides an accurate estimate of a fossil’s age.
8. What is the main purpose of both relative dating and radiometric dating?
9. What is the main difference between relative dating and radiometric dating?
10. How is the radioactive decay of an element used to determine the age of a rock layer?
11. Look at Figure 12.4. After two half-lives, what percentage of carbon-14 remains in asample?
Vocabulary Check
relative dating radiometric dating isotope half-life
12. Measures the actual age of a fossil
13. Most elements have several of these
14. Measure of the release of radiation
15. Infers order in which groups of organisms existed
66 Study Guide Unit 4 Resource BookMcDougal Littell Biology
MAIN IDEA: Several sets of hypotheses propose how life began on Earth.In the column on the left labeled “hypothesis,” write the hypothesis from the readings abouthow life began on Earth. In the column labeled “proof,” list the evidence that supports thehypothesis.
Hypothesis Proof
I. ORGANIC MOLECULE HYPOTHESES
9. Demonstrated organic compounds could be made by passing electricalcurrent (to simulate lightning) through a closed system that held a mixtureof gases (to simulate the early atmosphere).
10. Meteorite hypothesis
II. EARLY CELL STRUCTURE HYPOTHESES
11. Simulated in the lab, making a chimney structure with compartments thatcould have acted as the first cell membranes.
12. Lipid membranehypothesis
III. RNA AS EARLY GENETIC MATERIAL
13. RNA worldhypothesis
Vocabulary Check14. A cloud of gas and dust in space
15. An RNA molecule that can catalyze specific chemical reactions
74 Study Guide Unit 4 Resource BookMcDougal Littell Biology
9. Describe the role that cyanobacteria play in the theory of endosymbiosis.
MAIN IDEA: The evolution of sexual reproduction led to increased diversity.
10. What is the main advantage of asexual reproduction?
11. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation in a population. Why might this bebeneficial to the population?
Vocabulary Check12. Bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis are called .
13. The mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives within the body of
another is called .
14. The term endosymbiosis can be broken down into parts. Endo- means “within.” What isanother term you have heard that starts with endo-?
15. The term cyanobacteria can be broken down into parts. Cyan- means “greenish blue,”because cyanobacteria are often blue-green in color. Not too long ago, cyanobacteriawere known as blue-green algae. Why do you think they were considered algae?
78 Study Guide Unit 4 Resource BookMcDougal Littell Biology
Humans appeared late in Earth’s history.VOCABULARYprimate hominidprosimian bipedalanthropoid
MAIN IDEA: Humans share a common ancestor with other primates.Use Figure 12.18 to help you fill in the concept map below with the correct primate group.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
chimpanzee
human
9.
2.1.
Pr imates
Unit 4 Resource Book Study Guide 85McDougal Littell Biology