Section I: The Great Chinese Dynasties (Pages 242-248) This section is about: This section is about: How the Sui and Tang Dynasties reunified China and.

Section I: The Great Chinese Section I: The Great Chinese

DynastiesDynasties (Pages 242-248)(Pages 242-248)

Section I: The Great Chinese Section I: The Great Chinese

DynastiesDynasties (Pages 242-248)(Pages 242-248)

This section is about:This section is about: How the Sui and Tang How the Sui and Tang

Dynasties reunified Dynasties reunified China and achieved a China and achieved a golden age of culture.golden age of culture.

ChinaChina’’s tremendous s tremendous economic growth economic growth during the reign of during the reign of the Song rulers.the Song rulers.

WeWe’’re moving back to re moving back to Southeast Asia – including Southeast Asia – including China (which we already China (which we already know a little about).know a little about).

China is the main country in China is the main country in this part of the world (they this part of the world (they dominated the area for over dominated the area for over 1000 years).1000 years).

Because they were so Because they were so successful, the other areas successful, the other areas of the region were heavily of the region were heavily influenced by the Chinese influenced by the Chinese and their culture.and their culture.

What do we already know What do we already know about China?about China?

Mon_______ Mon_______ Rel_______ Rel_______ Cu_________ Cu_________ Ma____ Po____Ma____ Po____ and The _______and The _______

Look at page 244:Look at page 244:

Main Ideas – what are 3 Main Ideas – what are 3 dynasties in this dynasties in this section?section?

Active Reading: Point of Active Reading: Point of View (letView (let’’s read that)s read that)

WhatWhat’’s a recent s a recent ““point of point of viewview”” issue in your life? issue in your life?

Another thing youAnother thing you’’ll see ll see with China is: when with China is: when rulers change, rulers change, everything can change. everything can change.

The Sui and Tang DynastiesThe Sui and Tang Dynasties After the Han Dynasty (earlier After the Han Dynasty (earlier

section in our book), China section in our book), China had almost constant struggles had almost constant struggles and wars for about 300 years and wars for about 300 years (everyone wanted China(everyone wanted China’’s s resources).resources).

Buddhism was growing at that Buddhism was growing at that time.time.

They had some problems with They had some problems with Daoism and Confucianism, Daoism and Confucianism, but they eventually each but they eventually each existed -together.existed -together.

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and Shinto)

The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty

Sui Wendi (and his son) Sui Wendi (and his son) tried to re-unify and tried to re-unify and ““restore the gloryrestore the glory”” of the of the Chinese Empire.Chinese Empire.

They increased the They increased the power of the power of the government, built roads government, built roads and canals (trade and and canals (trade and national unity), repaired national unity), repaired the Great Wall.the Great Wall.

Some people were mad Some people were mad at him, because this cost at him, because this cost so much money, and he so much money, and he was assassinated in 618.was assassinated in 618.

-The -The Tang DynastyTang Dynasty (626 (626 -)-)

-Tang Expansion-Tang Expansion Tang Tai Zong: conquered Tang Tai Zong: conquered

new territories – which he new territories – which he made made tributary statestributary states (conquered areas which (conquered areas which had to pay China money).had to pay China money).

Two of these areas were Two of these areas were Korea and Japan.Korea and Japan.

Read the quote on page Read the quote on page 245 (textbook) that comes 245 (textbook) that comes from Tai Zong. from Tai Zong.

Why does he value direct Why does he value direct access to information?access to information?

In China: Tang emperors In China: Tang emperors restored the restored the ““civil servicecivil service”” system. system.

This meant the citizens had This meant the citizens had a part in the government, a part in the government, including keeping records, including keeping records, issuing a new code of laws, issuing a new code of laws, and keeping track of people and keeping track of people (including a (including a censuscensus).).

This helped with land re-This helped with land re-distribution. The wealthy distribution. The wealthy had to give some of their had to give some of their land to the poor (who could land to the poor (who could then take care of then take care of themselves and pay taxes).themselves and pay taxes).

ItIt‘‘s also a time of Chinas also a time of China’’s s only woman empress only woman empress (married to the emperor, (married to the emperor, who got sick, and she took who got sick, and she took over). She was very cruel: over). She was very cruel: she executed anyone who she executed anyone who challenged her authority.challenged her authority.

Prosperity of the TangProsperity of the Tang

During this time, their During this time, their population increased a lot – population increased a lot – many moving south and many moving south and growing rice (still wheat in growing rice (still wheat in the north).the north).

Roads and canals improved Roads and canals improved trade, travel, and trade, travel, and communication (the biggest communication (the biggest was was ““The Grand Canal.The Grand Canal.””

Large Cities started growing Large Cities started growing (Changan – 2 million (Changan – 2 million people).people).

Many foreigners visited – Many foreigners visited – who also brought ideas of who also brought ideas of Christianity and Islam.Christianity and Islam.

The Tang lasted The Tang lasted until…until…

……the mid 700s.the mid 700s. There were border There were border

wars and struggles for wars and struggles for power.power.

Revolts started Revolts started breaking out and breaking out and China broke into a China broke into a bunch of smaller bunch of smaller territories, which had territories, which had disagreements with disagreements with each other.each other.

The The Song DynastySong Dynasty (960 - ) (960 - )

Tai Zu unified China and Tai Zu unified China and began a dynasty which began a dynasty which lasted until 1279.lasted until 1279.

But, he reduced the size But, he reduced the size and role of the military.and role of the military.

Others came in (several Others came in (several wars) and even forced wars) and even forced China to pay tribute to China to pay tribute to them.them.

These wars cost a lot of These wars cost a lot of money (China was spending money (China was spending 80% of it80% of it’’s money on its money on it’’s s own defense), so something own defense), so something had to be changed.had to be changed.

The Reforms of Wang AnshiThe Reforms of Wang Anshi In 1069, the emperor In 1069, the emperor

appointed Wang Anshi to appointed Wang Anshi to reform the government.reform the government.

He looked for ways the He looked for ways the government could make more government could make more money.money.

He gave low cost loans to He gave low cost loans to peasants (the interest went peasants (the interest went back to the government).back to the government).

The prices of products were The prices of products were regulated regulated (controlled).(controlled).

He reformed the military and He reformed the military and improved the civil service improved the civil service system (had to pass a test).system (had to pass a test).

Some people opposed him Some people opposed him though and he was removed though and he was removed from office.from office.

In 1125 and 1126, the In 1125 and 1126, the Chinese were overtaken by Chinese were overtaken by people from the north and people from the north and Song China never recovered.Song China never recovered.

Song Song ProsperityProsperity

The Song Dynasty was a The Song Dynasty was a golden age for the Chinese golden age for the Chinese economy, technology, and the economy, technology, and the arts.arts.

Farms improved: developed Farms improved: developed rice that could be grown twice rice that could be grown twice a year (more food and few a year (more food and few farmers needed to produce it).farmers needed to produce it).

Gunpowder first used as a Gunpowder first used as a weapon.weapon.

New methods for casting iron.New methods for casting iron. Ceramic and Porcelain industry Ceramic and Porcelain industry

improved.improved. Abacus starting to be used.Abacus starting to be used. Improvements in shipbuilding.Improvements in shipbuilding. Development of a magnetic Development of a magnetic

compass.compass. Better roads and canals (trade, Better roads and canals (trade,

travel, and communication).travel, and communication).

Compass web site

Culture and Prosperity (the Culture and Prosperity (the Arts) Arts)

under the Tang and the Songunder the Tang and the Song New wealth encouraged New wealth encouraged

the Artsthe Arts Porcelain became finer.Porcelain became finer. Multi-storied buildingsMulti-storied buildings Pagodas first built.Pagodas first built. Landscape painting Landscape painting

became a major art became a major art form for the Tang and form for the Tang and Song.Song.

Literature improved Literature improved (romance and (romance and adventure).adventure).

Better education and Better education and better printing methods better printing methods helped literature.helped literature.

Social Order (Tang/Song)Social Order (Tang/Song) The emperor: head of The emperor: head of

governmentgovernment AristocratsAristocrats Wealthy landowners (gentry) Wealthy landowners (gentry) Peasants (most of the Peasants (most of the

population - often worked in population - often worked in the army or in the mines) – the army or in the mines) – some cities grew rapidly. some cities grew rapidly. Talented peasant boys could go Talented peasant boys could go to school, study, become a civil to school, study, become a civil servant, and their family may servant, and their family may move up in status.move up in status.

Merchants – lower than Merchants – lower than peasants, because they didnpeasants, because they didn’’t t produce anything.produce anything.

It helped to become educated: It helped to become educated: you could get civil service jobs.you could get civil service jobs.

Any time the government was Any time the government was having a rough time, the having a rough time, the Chinese made reforms.Chinese made reforms. Were often absentee landlords

who owned land, but just rented it out

But… women had it rough But… women had it rough at this time in Chinaat this time in China

Their status declined.Their status declined. Women were Women were

considered inferior to considered inferior to men.men.

Foot-binding began to Foot-binding began to be a custom.be a custom.