Section H Bladder and Bowel

Section H

Bladder and Bowel

Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 Section H May 2010 2

Objectives

• State the intent of Section H Bladder and Bowel.

• Describe how to conduct the assessment for urinary incontinence.

• Describe how to conduct the assessment for bowel incontinence.

• Code Section H correctly and accurately.


Intent of Section H

• To gather information on:o Use of bowel and bladder applianceso Use of and response to urinary toileting programso Urinary and bowel continenceo Bowel toileting programso Bowel patterns

• Each resident who is incontinent or at risk of developing incontinence should be identified, assessed, and provided with individualized treatment and services.

Item H0100

Appliances


H0100 Importance1

• External catheters should:o Fit well and be comfortableo Minimize leakageo Maintain skin integrityo Promote resident dignity

• Indwelling catheters should not be used unless there is valid medical justification.

• Assessment for indwelling catheters should include:o Risk and benefitso Anticipated duration of useo Consideration of complications


H0100 Importance2

• Complications can include:o Increased risk of urinary tract infectiono Blockage of the cathetero Expulsion of the catheter o Paino Discomforto Bleeding

• Ostomies should be free of redness, tenderness, excoriation, and breakdown.

• Appliances should fit well, be comfortable, and promote resident dignity.


H0100 Conduct the Assessment

• Examine the resident to note the presence of any urinary or bowel appliances.

• Review the medical record for current or past use of urinary or bowel appliances.

o Include bladder and bowel records.


H0100 Assessment Guidelines

• Suprapubic catheters and nephrostomy tubes should be coded as an indwelling catheter only.

• Condom catheters and external urinary pouches are commonly used intermittently or at night only. o This use should be coded as external catheter.

• Do not code gastrostomies or other feeding ostomies in this section.

• Only appliances used for elimination are coded here.


H0100 Coding Instructions

• Check each appliance used during the look-back period.

Item H0200

Urinary ToiletingProgram


H0200 Importance

• Determining the type of urinary incontinence:o Allows staff to provide more individualized

programming or interventions

o Enhances the resident’s quality of life and functional status.

• Many incontinent residents respond to a toileting program:o Especially during the day

o Includes residents with dementia


H0200 Toileting Program1

• H0200 captures three aspects of a resident’s toileting program:o H0200A Toileting Program Trial:

Whether a toileting program has been attempted

o H0200B Toileting Program Trial Response: Resident’s response to any trial program

o H0200C Current Toileting Program: Whether a current toileting program is being used to manage a resident’s incontinence


H0200 Toileting Program2

• Toileting program refers to a specific approach:o Organized, planned, documented, monitored, and

evaluatedo Consistent with nursing home policies and

procedures and current standards of practice

• Toileting program does not refer to:o Simply tracking continence statuso Changing pads or wet garmentso Random assistance with toileting or hygiene


H0200A Toileting Program Trial Conduct the Assessment1

• Review the medical record.o Identify evidence of a trial of individualized, resident-

centered toileting program.o Include observations of at least 3 days of toileting

patterns.o Document results in a bladder record or voiding diary.

• Toileting programs may have different names.o Habit training/ scheduled voidingo Bladder rehabilitation/ bladder retrainingo Prompted voiding


H0200A Toileting Program Trial Conduct the Assessment2

• Review records of voiding patterns over several days for residents experiencing incontinence.o Frequencyo Volumeo Durationo Nighttime or daytimeo Quality of stream


H0200A Assessment Guidelines1

• Look-back period for H0200A: o Most recent admission/ readmission assessment

o Most recent prior assessment

o When incontinence was first noted

• Voiding records: o Help detect urinary patterns or intervals between

incontinence episodes.

o Facilitate providing care to avoid or reduce the frequency of episodes.


H0200A Assessment Guidelines2

• Simply tracking continence status is not considered a trial of an individualized, resident-centered toileting program.

• Residents should be re-evaluated whenever there is a change in:o Cognition

o Physical ability

o Urinary tract function


H0200A Coding Instructions

• Code 0. No for residents who: o Are continent with or without toileting assistanceo Use a permanent catheter or ostomyo Prefer not to participate in a trial

• Code 1. Yes for residents who underwent a trial at least once.


H0200B Toileting Program TrialResponse Conduct the Assessment

• Review the resident’s responses as recorded during the toileting trial.

• Note any change:o Number of incontinence episodeso Degree of wetness the resident experiences

• Look-back period for H0200B (same as H0200A): o Most recent admission/ readmission assessmento Most recent prior assessmento When incontinence was first noted


H0200B Coding Instructions

• Code 0. if incontinence did not decrease.

• Code 1. if frequency decreased but resident is still incontinent.

• Code 2. if resident becomes completely continent of urine.

• Code 9. if no information or trial is in progress.


H0200C Current Toileting ProgramConduct the Assessment1

• The look-back period is 7 days.

• Review the medical record for evidence of a toileting program being used to manage incontinence.

• Note the number of days that the toileting program was implemented or carried out during the look-back period.


H0200C Current Toileting ProgramConduct the Assessment2

• Look for documentation of 3 requirements: o Implementation of an individualized, resident-specific

toileting program based on an assessment of the resident’s unique voiding pattern

o Evidence that the individualized program was communicated to staff and the resident (as appropriate) verbally and through a care plan, flow records, and a written report

o Notations of the resident’s response to the toileting program and subsequent evaluations, as needed


H0200C Coding Instructions

• Code 0. No if toileting program is used less than 4 days during the look-back period.

• Code 1. Yes for residents who are managed 4 or more days of the look-back period.


Coding a Trial in Progress

• If a resident is currently undergoing a toileting program trial:

o Code H0200A as 1. Yes, a trial toileting program is attempted.

o Code H0200B as 9. Unable to determine or trial in progress.

o Code H0200C as 1. Yes for current toileting program.


H0200 Scenario #1

• Mrs. H. has a diagnosis of advanced Alzheimer’s disease.

• She is dependent on the staff for her ADLs, does not have the cognitive ability to void in the toilet or other appropriate receptacle, and is totally incontinent.

• Her voiding assessment/ diary indicates no pattern to her incontinence.

• Her care plan states that due to her total incontinence, staff should follow the facility standard policy for incontinence.

• Facility policy is to check and change every 2 hours while awake and apply a superabsorbent brief at bedtime so as not to disturb her sleep.


H0200 Scenario #1 Coding

• Code H0200A as 1. Yes.

• Code H0200B as 0. No improvement.• Code H0200C as 0. No.


H0200 Scenario #21

• Mr. M., who has a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and a history of left-sided hemiplegia from a previous stroke, has had an increase in urinary incontinence.

• The team has assessed him for a reversible cause of the incontinence and has evaluated his voiding pattern using a voiding assessment/ diary.

• After completing the assessment, it was determined that incontinence episodes could be reduced.


H0200 Scenario #22

• A plan was developed that called for toileting:o Every hour for 4 hours after receiving his 8 a.m. diuretic

o Then every 3 hours until bedtime at 9 p.m.

• The team has communicated this approach to the resident.

• The care team has placed these interventions in the care plan.

• The team will reevaluate the resident’s response to the plan after 1 month and adjust as needed.


H0200 Scenario #2 Coding

• Code H0200A as 1. Yes.• Code H0200B as 9. Unable to determine or trial in progress. • Code H0200C as 1. current toileting program or trial.

Item H0300

Urinary Incontinence


H0300 Importance

• Incontinence can o Interfere with participation in activities.

o Be socially embarrassing and lead to increased feelings of dependency.

o Increase risk of long-term institutionalization.

o Increase risk of skin rashes and breakdown.

o Increased risk of repeated urinary tract infections.

o Increase the risk of falls and injuries resulting from attempts to reach a toilet unassisted.



• Review the medical record.o Bladder or incontinence records or flow sheetso Nursing assessments and progress noteso Physician historyo Physical examination

• Interview the resident (if capable of reporting).

• Speak with family members or significant others if resident is not able to report on continence.

• Ask direct care staff on all shifts about incontinence episodes.



• If intermittent catheterization is used to drain the bladder, code continence level based on continence between catheterizations.



• Code according to the number of episodes of incontinence that occur during the look-back period.


H0300 Scenario

• An 86-year-old female resident has had longstanding stress-type incontinence for many years.

• When she has an upper respiratory infection and is coughing, she involuntarily loses urine.

• However, during the current 7-day look-back period, the resident has been free of respiratory symptoms and has not had an episode of incontinence.


H0300 Scenario Coding

• H0300 would be coded 0. Always continent.

• Even though the resident has known intermittent stress incontinence, she was continent during the current 7-day look-back period.


H0300 Practice #1

• A resident with multi-infarct dementia:

o Is incontinent of urine on three occasions on day one of observation

o Is continent of urine in response to toileting on days two and three

o Has one urinary incontinence episode during each of the nights of days four, five, six, and seven of the look-back period.


How should H0300 be coded?

A. Code 0. Always continent

B. Code 1. Occasionally incontinent

C. Code 2. Frequently incontinent

D. Code 3. Always incontinent

E. Code 9. Not rated


H0300 Practice #1 Coding

• The correct code is 2. Frequently incontinent.

• The resident had seven documented episodes of urinary incontinence over the look-back period.

• The criterion for “frequent” incontinence has been set at seven or more episodes over the 7-day look-back period with at least one continent void.


H0300 Practice #2

• A resident with Parkinson’s disease is severely immobile, and cannot be transferred to a toilet.

• He is unable to use a urinal and is managed by adult briefs and bed pads that are regularly changed.

• He did not have a continent void during the 7-day look-back period.


How should H0300 be coded?

A. Code 0. Always continent

B. Code 1. Occasionally incontinent

C. Code 2. Frequently incontinent

D. Code 3. Always incontinent

E. Code 9. Not rated


H0300 Practice #2 Coding

• The correct code is 3. Always incontinent.

• The resident has no urinary continent episodes and cannot be toileted due to severe disability or discomfort.

• Incontinence is managed by a check and change in protocol.

Item H0400

Bowel Continence


H0400 Importance

• Bowel incontinenceo Interferes with participation in activities.

o Is socially embarrassing and can lead to increased feelings of dependency.

o Increases risk of long-term institutionalization.

o Increases risk of skin rashes and breakdown.

o Increases the risk of falls and injuries resulting from attempts to reach a toilet unassisted.



• Review the medical record.o Bowel records and incontinence flow sheetso Nursing assessments and progress noteso Physician historyo Physical examination

• Interview the resident (if capable of reporting).

• Speak with family members or significant others if resident is not able to report on continence.

• Ask direct care staff on all shifts about incontinence episodes.



• Bowel incontinence precipitated by loose stools or diarrhea from any cause (including laxatives) would count as incontinence.



• Code according to the number of episodes of bowel incontinence that occur during the look-back period.

Item H0500

Bowel ToiletingProgram


H0500 Importance

• A systematically implemented bowel toileting program may

o Decrease or prevent bowel incontinence.

o Minimize or avoid the negative consequences of incontinence.

• Many incontinent residents respond to a bowel toileting program.



• Review the medical record for evidence of a bowel toileting program.

• Look for documentation of 3 requirements: o Implementation of an individualized, resident-specific

toileting program based on an assessment of the resident’s unique bowel pattern

o Evidence that the individualized program was communicated to staff and the resident (as appropriate) verbally and through a care plan, flow records, and a written report

o Notations of the resident’s response to the toileting program and subsequent evaluations, as needed



• Code according to whether a toileting program is used to manage bowel continence.

Item H0600

Bowel Patterns


H0600 Importance

• Severe constipation can cause: o Abdominal paino Anorexiao Vomitingo Bowel incontinenceo Delirium

• Constipation can lead to fecal impaction if unaddressed.



• Review the medical record for evidence of constipation.o Bowel records or flow sheetso Nursing assessments and progress noteso Physician historyo Physical examination

• Interview the resident.

• Speak with family members or significant others if resident is not able to report on bowel habits.

• Ask direct care staff about problems with constipation.



• Code according to whether a resident shows signs of constipation during the look-back period.

Section H

Summary


Section H Summary

• Focuses on a resident’s bladder and bowel status.

• Includes documenting the level of incontinence, if any as well as constipation.

• Record any toileting programs established to address incontinence issues.

• Toileting programs include only programs organized and planned to resolve or minimize causes or episodes of incontinence.

Section H Bladder and Bowel

Documents