SECTION FIVE TRAIL DESIGN STANDARDS SECTION FIVE CONTENTS This secon focuses on trail facility design standards such as typical path construcon and layout, wayfinding signing and markings, rail and road crossings, rail-with-trail design standards, on-and off-road bikeways, security and landscape fencing, lighng, bridges and crossings, habitat enhancement, and any operaonal and management specifics that might be warranted as a result of sensive biological resources. The design standards are presented in list form and supported with photos, graphic secons, and elevaons. 5.1 Regulatory Framework 5-2 5.2 Trail Classificaons 5-5 5.3 Trail Crossings and Intersecons 5-11 5.4 Trail Amenies and Features 5-21 5.5 Universal Trail Design 5-35 5.6 California Coastal Commission and Conservancy Accessibility Standards 5-35 5.7 User Conflict Reducon Strategies 5-36 5.8 Dogs on Trails 5-38 5.9 Equestrians on Trails 5-39
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SECTION FIVE - SCCRTC · • National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) - Urban Bikeway Design Guide • California Department of Parks and Recreation Accessibility
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S E C T I O N F I V ETRAIL DESIGN STANDARDS
SECTION FIVE CONTENTS
This section focuses on trail facility design standards such as typical path construction and layout, wayfinding signing and markings, rail and road crossings, rail-with-trail design standards, on-and off-road bikeways, security and landscape fencing, lighting, bridges and crossings, habitat enhancement, and any operational and management specifics that might be warranted as a result of sensitive biological resources. The design standards are presented in list form and supported with photos, graphic sections, and elevations.
APPLICATION OF STANDARDSTheMasterPlanhasbeendesignedinaccordancewiththebasicguidelinessetforthbyCaltrans.WherethereareconditionsthatarenotexplicitlycoveredintheCaltransorAASHTOguidelines,advisorystandardsfromappropriateresourceshavebeenapplied.Inconjunctionwithfutureconstruction,thefinalengineeredplansforsegmentsofthetrailwilldemonstratecompliancewithallapplicablemandatorystandards.Compliancewillbedeterminedbytheappropriatejurisdictioninwhichthetrailislocated.
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Two-way cycle track, separated from the street via bollards Planters or other decorative elements may be used in place of bollards (Image from NACTO)
Where rights-of-ways and easements allow, additional trail width should be considered in order
to separate users.
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DESIGNATED BICYCLE LANE (CLASS II)DesignatedbicyclelanesaresynonymouswithCaltrans-definedClassIIbikelanes.Oftenreferredtoasa“bikelane,”anon-streetbikelaneprovidesastripedandstenciledlaneforone-waytravelonastreetorhighway.
Typicaldesignelementsinclude:
• Pavedsurfacefourtofive(4-5)feetwide
• Lanestriping
• Streetmarkingsindicatingbikerouteorbikelane
EnhanceddesignelementsInclude:
• Coloredbikelane
• Bikebox
Class II painted bike lane, area in green (Image from NACTO)
Class II bike lane (Image from NACTO)
A bike box, a bright green rectangle painted onto asphalt at intersections, reserved exclusively for bikes is a possible treatment (Image from NACTO)
Designated Class II bike lane
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ON-STREET BIKE ROUTE (CLASS III)On-streetbikeroutesaresynonymouswithCaltrans-definedClassIIIbikeroutes.Generallyreferredtoasa“bikeroute,”anon-streetbikerouteprovidesforsharedusewithmotorvehicletrafficandisidentifiedonlybysigning.OptionalsharedroadwaybicyclemarkingpavementstencilsarealsoavailableforuseonClassIIIbikeroutes.
SHARED LANE MARKINGS (“SHARROWS,” CLASS III)ItisimportanttonotethatbicyclesarepermittedonallroadsinCaliforniaexceptwherespecificallyprohibited.Inordertooptimizevehicleandbicycleuserunderstanding,amarkingreferredtoasa“sharrow”maybeused.SharrowreferstosharedlanepavementmarkingandisconsideredaClassIIIfacility.Thismarkingisplacedinthecenterofatravellanetoindicatethatabicyclistmayusethefulllane.Thesharrowsymbolconsistsofabicyclesymbolwithtwochevronmarkingsabovethebicycle.Thebestpracticeistouseasharrowinconjunctionwitha“BikesMayUseFullLane”sign.
• PolesignageindicatingrouteA sharrow reminds drivers to share the road with bicyclists, while also informing bicyclists to make use of the full lane and position themselves away from vehicle doors
Class III bike route sharrow pavement markings (Image from NACTO)
Class III bike route sharrow in Santa Cruz
On-street bike route with sharrows
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RAIL BRIDGE REPLACEMENT - TYPE 1 CROSSINGTheType1trailbridgecrossingwillbeintegratedintolong-termrailbridgereplacementefforts.Followingtheengineeringevaluationofeachrailbridgethroughoutthecorridor,anyrailbridgeslatedforreplacementshouldbeconsideredforaredesignthatincludestheadditionofmulti-usepathfacilitiestothebridgedeck.ThisMasterPlanhasnoproposedtrailbridgereplacementtype1crossings.However;onewillbeneededatSoquelCreekoverthelongterm.Theminimumwidthforthemulti-usepathshouldincludeaminimumeight-(8-)-foot-widepavedtrailtreadwithtwo-(2-)foot-wideshouldersoneachside,foratotaloftwelve(12)feet.However,theCaltransminimumrequirementisaten-(10-)foot-widestructure.Thetrailplatformcouldduallyserveasbridgemaintenanceaccess.Planningforadditionalwidthtoaccommodaterailmaintenancevehiclesshouldbeconsideredinthebudgetaryanddesignphases.
Illustration of rail bridge replacement bridge
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RETROFITTED RAIL BRIDGE - TYPE 2 CROSSINGExistingrailbridgesthatareconsideredstructurallysoundandhavebeenevaluatedtopotentiallyaccommodatearetrofittedtrailbridgeattachedtotheexistingsuperstructurewillprovideanalternatesolutionforatrailcrossingwherethereisnoroomforanew,separatetrailbridge.ThisdesignalternativecansometimesbethemostcostlyandshouldbeevaluatedagainstbridgecrossingsTypes1and3forcost,span,scheduling,connectivityefficiency,environmentalimpacts,andclearances.Thepossibilityofretrofittingarailbridgeislimitedtoonelocationforthisproject.ThisoccursattheuppercrossingonHighway1inSegment12.
Illustration of proposed improvements to the westerly Highway 1 bridge crossing in Aptos
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NEW MULTI-USE TRAIL BRIDGE - TYPE 3 CROSSINGItmaynotbefeasibletoretrofitsomerailbridgestructureswithamulti-usetraildeck;orarailbridgereplacementisnotconsideredforcertainrailbridges.Intheselocations,amorecost-effectivesolutionmaybetoinstallanew,separatetrailbridgeparalleltotheexistingrailbridgestructure.Thisscenariowillincludenewabutments,aprefabricatedbridge,andpermittingforthenewcrossing.ThisMasterPlanincludes23separatedmulti-usetrailbridgetype3crossings.
Illustration of new multi-use trail bridge adjacent to existing bridge
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DRAINAGE WAY CHARACTERISTICSThedrainagewaycharacteristicsmaydictatethestructuraldesignofthebridge.Whencrossingachannelsubjecttoflooding,thebridgeshallbedesignedtobeabovethe100-yearfloodlevel.Whencrossingchannelsnotsubjecttoflooding,itmaystillbedesirabletodeterminewhetherthebridge’ssuperstructureshouldbeaboveorbelowthedeckbasedonclearanceunderneath.
Figure 5-1 Detailed roadway crossing concepts: Types A, B, C, and D
Rapidflashingbeacon(whereappropriate)
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Figure 5-2 Detailed roadway crossing concepts: Types E, F, G, and H
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Figure 5-3 Detailed roadway crossing concepts: Types I and J
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Natural Bridges State Beach
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5.4 TRAIL AMENITIES AND FEATURESInadditiontouserfacilitiesatreststopsandstagingareas,trailamenitiesintheformofbenches,shadestructures,informationalsigns,andtrashcontainerswillbelocatedalongtheMBSSTNetworkinstrategiclocations.Thedesignoftheseelementsisintendedtoreflectanoceantheme.Theuseofwood,stone,wirefences,selfweathering(rusted)steel,andotherrusticmaterialswillreinforcethisimage.
Figure 5-6 Concrete split-rail fence (between trail and rural residential parks, and open space)
48”
6’
Figure 5-5 Smooth wire fence (between rail and trail or between trail and agricultural land)
54”
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5.4.2 TRAIL FURNISHINGS
BENCHES AND SEATING AREASBenchesforthetrailsystemshouldbedurableandcapableofwithstandingboththeharshcoastalenvironmentandtheremotestretchesoftrailsegmentsoutsideoftheurbanareas.Thebenchesshouldbesecuredtotheirlocationstoavoidtheftandorvandalism.Sincethetrailwillbepassingthroughmultiplecommunitiesandgoverningagencies,eachwithitsowncharacterandsetting,thebenchstylefortheCoastalRailTrailshouldbeconsistent,ratherthantryingtoconformtothebenchstandardsofeachlocaljurisdiction.Benchesshouldbeplacedataminimumeveryquarter(1/4)tohalf(1/2)miletoprovideconvenientandattractiverestingplacesalongeachsegment.Areaswherethenewtrailconnectswithexistingbeachtrailheads,reststops,interpretiveoverlooks,orotherexistingparkfacilitiesmaynotneednewbenches.Newtrailrestareasandtrailheadsshouldfirstbeevaluatedforconformancewithexistingadjacentparkfurnishingsbeforeaddingnewbenches.Existingadjacentparkfurnishingsshouldoverridetheimplementationofnewfacilitiesiftheyarealreadypresentandingoodcondition.Eachbenchplacementshouldbeanalyzedtoavoidredundancyorclutter.Otheralternativestofabricatedbenchescouldincludetheuseoflargebouldersforseatinginmoreruralornaturalsettings.Benchesshouldbeclusteredwithtrashreceptaclesandotherkeyfurnishingelements.
TRASH AND RECYCLING RECEPTACLESTrashreceptaclesshouldbeplacedinareaswheretherearebenchesandatallmajortrailheadlocations.Thetrashreceptacleunitshouldincludeone(1)trashcontainerandone(1)recyclingcontainer.Thecontainersshallincludeanimal-prooflids,andthedesign,color,andstyleshallstayconsistentalongthetrailsegmentsoutsideoftheexistingagency’sparkandtrailsegments.
BIKE RACKSBikeracksshouldbelocatedatrestareas,existingandproposedtrailheads,neartransitstops,picnicsites,parksites,andcommercialareasadjacenttothetrail.Bikeracksshouldbeprovidedinconjunctionwithcommercial,office,andmulti-familyresidentialdevelopmentsadjacenttothetrailcorridor,bothexistingandproposed.
PICNIC AND SHADE SHELTERSSheltersshouldbeplacedalongthetrailcorridorwhereexistingparkfacilitiesarefartherthanaquarter(1/4)mileindistance.Theyshouldbeconvenientlylocatedattrailheadparkingareas,restareas,scenicoverlooks,andremoteorexposedsegmentsalongthetrailcorridor.Becausethetrailpassesthroughmultiplecommunityandparkagencyboundaries,theshelterlocationsshouldbecarefullyselectedtoworkwithexistingparkandtrailfacilitiesandavoidredundancy.Picnicandshadeshelterdesignandstyleshouldbeconsistentalongthetrailcorridor.Shelterdesignexceptionsmayoccurwhenaproposedshelterlocationisadjacenttoorwithinanagencyjurisdictionthathasanexistingshelterinthatsiteorwithinviewofthetrailcorridor’schosenlocation.
Concept of concrete bench with MBSST logo
Existing concrete bench near the terminus of East Cliff Drive
Concrete trash can
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5.4.3 UTILITIES AND LIGHTINGSurfaceandsubsurfaceutilitiesarelocatedwithintherailroadright-of-wayandmayimpactthelocationandconstructionoftheCoastalRailTrail.Subsurfaceutilitiesandinfrastructuremustbeidentifiedduringpre-constructionactivities.Utilitiesincludeactiveandabandonedrailroadcommunicationscable,signal,andcommunicationboxes,fiberopticcable,waterandsewerlines,andtelephonelines.TheCoastalRailTrailwillbedesignedtoavoidhavingtomovemostactivesurfaceutilities,althoughutilitypolesnolongerinusemayberemoved.Installationofundergroundutilityinfrastructuretomeetexistingandpotentialfutureutilityrequirementswillbeconsideredtominimizetheneedtodigupandpatchanyconstructedtrailsegments.Thetrailmaybelocateddirectlyoverexistingsubsurfaceutilitiesassuming:(a)adequatedepthexistsbetweenthetrailsurfaceandutilitytopreventdamage,and(b)agreementscanbereachedwiththeutilityownerregardingaccessforrepairsandpotentialimpacttothetrail.Theuseofsolarpoweredpanelswillbeencouragedtominimizetheneedforsurfaceandsubsurfaceutilitycables.
Seascape Park in Aptos has the potential to incorporate additional staging area amenities
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TABLE 5.2 - Existing/Planned Trailhead/Staging Area AmenitiesPavedParking
Lot
AccessibleParking
Street Parking Shelter
Overlookwith
Benches
TrashCans
Bike Racks
AccessibleRestroom
DrinkingWater Benches Picnic
Area Other/Notes
WaddellBeach X X X
GreyhoundRockBeach X X X XScottCreekBeach X X X XDavenportBeachLanding X X X X XDavenport Unpavedparkinglot
CapitolaVillage X X X X X X X X X X
CoastDairies,BonnyDoonBeach X XCoastDairies,YellowbankBeach UnpavedparkinglotWilderRanchStatePark,4MileBeach UnpavedparkinglotWilderRanchStatePark,OldCoveLanding
X X X X X X Trailerparking
NaturalBridgesStateBeach X XNearyLagoonPark-PLANNED ExistingboardwalkDepotPark X X X X X X X X OtheramenitiesMainBeach X X X X X X X OtherparkamenitiesSantaCruzHarbor X X X X X X X OtherparkamenitiesSimpkinsSwimCenter X X X X X X X X OtheramenitiesJadeStreetParkat47thSt. X X X X X X OtherparkamenitiesNewBrightonStateBeach X X X X X X X X OtheramenitiesAptosVillage X X XHiddenBeach X X X X LawnareaSeascapePark X X X X X X X X Lawnarea,trails
ManresaStateBeach X X X X X X X X
WatsonvilleSloughTrails X X X Lawnarea,trailsWalkerSt.,Watsonville X
HISTORIC AND EDUCATIONAL THEMESTheMBSSTNetworkoffersauniqueopportunitytophysicallyconnectthecommunitiesinSantaCruzCountytooneanotherandcreatetiestoitscultureandhistory.InadditiontotheexhibitlocationsidentifiedbythepreviouslypreparedMBSSTStandardsManual,additionalhistoricandeducationalexhibits(interpretiveexhibits)willbeplacedalongthetrailatstrategiclocationsofferingavarietyofinformation.Forexample,informationconcerningthehistoryofrailroads,lumber,beaches,andfarmingintheareacanbeportrayed.Educationalexhibitsdescribingtheenvironmentandnaturalresourcesshouldbedevelopedtoeducatevisitorsandresidentsaboutcurrentissuesandstewardship.Allofthesetopicswillbepresentedinacohesivedesigntohelpreinforcethecontinuityoftraildesign.Coastal Walk
CO A S T AL
RAIL TRAIL CORRIDOR COASTAL RAIL TRAIL CORRIDOR
COASTAL R A I L T R A I L C O R R I D O R
West Cliff Coastal Walk
Depot Park Trailhead
West Cliff Coastal Walk
Depot Park Trailhead
Wilder Ranch State Park
Coast Dairies State Beach
Beachfront TrailheadSANTA CRUZ COUNTY REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION
A combination of flowering shrubs and groundcover should be used at key areas
Drought-tolerant succulents thrive in Santa Cruz County
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5.4.8 DRAINAGE AND EROSION CONTROL
DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS DURING TRAIL CONSTRUCTIONDrainageimprovementstoaccommodatethetrailsectionwillbemadeinconjunctionwithtrailconstruction.Traildesignwillbeengineeredsoasnottoincreaseanyhistoricrunoffontoaproperty.Drainageengineeringwillbecoordinatedwithanyadjacentandregionaleffortsthatmaybeunderwayatthetimetoresolvehistoricalproblemstothegreatestdegreefeasible.Acombinationofculverts,channelization,andimprovedbridgecrossingswilloccurinconjunctionwithtrailconstruction.Trailengineeringwillfocusonmethodstominimizeriverdepositsthatmaycausemaintenanceissues.Constructionmaterialsthatmaintainhistoricrunofflevelsandmeetwaterqualitystandardswillbeused.
5.6 CALIFORNIA COASTAL COMMISSION AND CONSERVANCY ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDSTheCaliforniaCoastalCommissionandConservancyStandardsandRecommendationsforAccesswayLocationandDevelopmentAccessibilityStandardsprovideguidelinesforthelocation,size,andtypeofaccesswaysalongtheCaliforniacoast.TheStandardswereadoptedtoensurethataconsistentapproachisusedforaccessconstruction.Sincesitesandcircumstancesvaryalongthecoast,theapplicationofthesestandardsisflexible.TheyapplytoallnewandexistingdevelopmentsandshallbeconsideredduringtheMBSSTNetworkimplementationandconstructionprocess.AppendixGprovidesthefullCaliforniaCoastalCommissionandConservancyStandardsandRecommendationsforAccesswayLocationandDevelopmentAccessibilityStandards.
Pedestrians and bicyclists sharing the trail
Example of a “universal access” trail (Bonnie Lewkowicz)
Bridges should be wide enough to allow for pedestrians and bicyclists to pass with ease
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5.7 USER CONFLICT REDUCTION STRATEGIESInessence,userconflictsarearesultofsuccess:theyareindicativeofatrail’spopularity.Nonetheless,theycanleadtosafetyissues.Trailplannerscantakepreventativemeasurestoanticipateheavyuseandprecludeuserconflictinmultiple-usetrailspermittingusebywalkers,runners,bicyclists,etc.Potentialtrailconflictsarebestminimizedthroughdesignandthroughsettingtheproperexpectationswhich,inturn,comesfromappropriatewidth,clearsignage,andenforcementofbehavior.
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5.8 DOGS ON TRAILSTheMBSSTNetworkinSantaCruzCountytraversesapproximately50milesfromthebanksofthePajaroRiverinthesouth,upnorthtotheSanMateoCountyline.TheMBSSTNetworkwillpassthroughseveraldifferentcity,county,andstateproperties,allwithvaryingrulesandregulationsaddressingdogsintheparklandsandontrails.
5.9 EQUESTRIANS ON TRAILSSpecificdesignconsiderationsforequestrianuseonmulti-usepathsshouldbeconsideredduetothelackofequestrianexperiencenearrailroads,horses’instinctualflightbehavior,andequestrians’generalwarinessofnewandpotentiallychallengingsituations.Someequestrianusersadvocatefencesofsufficientheighttopreventhorsesjumpingthemwhenstartledorfrightened;however,thisconcernmustbebalancedwiththeneedforvisibilityoftrainsforbothhorsesandriders.Horsesthatcannotseeanoncomingorapproachingtrainwillexperiencegreaterfearandconfusionthaniftheyareabletoseeandidentifythesourceofnoise.