Section End QuizPage 1 of 18 Unit IGC1 Element 1 Sub Element 1.1
Q # 1. What barriers might there be to good health and safety
practice? Ans: Complexity, conflicting demands, behavioural issues
Q # 2 Define the terms Health Safety Welfare
Ans:Healthabsenceofdiseaseorillhealth,safetyabsenceofriskof
seriouspersonalinjury,welfareaccesstobasicfacilitiesincludingtoilets
and rest areas, hygiene and first aid provisions. Sub Element 1.2 Q
# 1 What are the 3 main reasons for managing health and safety?
Ans: Moral, social (or legal), economic (financial) Q # 2 What
should an employer provide to ensure health and safety: Safe place
of _______________ Safe plant and ______________ Safe _______ of
work Training, _____ and competency of Ans:fill in the blanks safe
place of work safe plant and equipment safe systems of work
training, supervision and competency of staff Section End QuizPage
2 of 18 Sub Element 1.3 Q # 1 What are the two main standards that
the ILO has produced for health and safety?What do countries do
with these standards? Ans:ILO has produced C155 and R164, which are
then ratified by countries and implemented in national law. Q # 2
What are employers responsibilities under R164?
Ans:Specifically,Article10ofR164putsthefollowingobligationson
employers: To provide workplacesand work equipment, and use work
methods, which are safe and no risk to health. To provide
appropriate instructions and training. To provide necessary
supervision.
Toputinplacehealthandsafetyarrangementsadaptedtosuitthe size and
nature of the undertaking.
Toprovideanynecessarypersonalprotectiveclothingand equipment free
of charge. Toensurethatthehoursofworkdonotadverselyaffectemployees
safety and health. To remove any extreme physical and mental
fatigue. To stay up-to-date with knowledge in order to comply with
the above. In this way the responsibility is placed directly on the
employer. However, it is also recognised that individual workers
have a critical part to play in keeping workplaces safe, so workers
are also given duties. Q # 3 What are employees responsibilities
under R164? Ans:
Takereasonablecareoftheirownsafetyandthatofotherpeople who might be
affected by the things that they do and the thingsthat they fail to
do. Comply with safety instructions and procedures. Use all safety
equipment properly and not tamper with it. Report any situation
which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot
themselves correct. Section End QuizPage 3 of 18 Report any
work-related accident or ill-health. Q # 4 What action could be
taken against organisations breaking health and safety law? Ans:
Formalenforcementaction(improvementorprohibitionnoticesor similar)
Prosecution of the organisation Prosecution of individuals
Compensation through the civil courts Section End QuizPage 4 of 18
Unit IGC1 Element 2 Sub Element 2.1
Q#1WhatarethekeyelementsoftheILO-OSHhealthandsafety management
system? Ans:Policy, Organising, Planning and Implementation,
Evaluation, Action for Improvement, and Audit.Continual improvement
is also important. Sub Element 2.2 Q # 1 Why is an organisations
policy so important?
Ans:Thehealthandsafetypolicyofanorganisationisanimportant
documentthatsetsouttheorganisationsaimswithregardstohealthand
safety, who is responsible for achieving these aims, and how the
aims are to be achieved. This can be expanded on during the
discussion!! Q # 2 Why might two organisations have different
policies?
Ans:Itshouldreflecttheparticularcircumstancesoftheindividual
organisation:thehazardsandrisks,thesizeandthecomplexityofthe
organisation.The policy musttherefore be developed andtailored
tofitthe particular organisation that it exists to serve. Sub
Element 2.3 Q # 1 What are the three key parts to a health and
safety policy? Ans:
TheGeneralStatementofIntentoutlinestheimportancethatthe
organisationplacesonhealthandsafetyandthecommitmentthat
canbeexpected.Itsetsaimsandobjectivesfortheorganisationto achieve.
It is signed by the person in overall control of the organisation.
TheOrganisationsectionhighlightstherolesandresponsibilitiesthat
existatalllevelswithintheorganisation.Itshowsthelinesof
responsibility and accountability. The Arrangements section
provides the detail on how the organisation manages health and
safety. It outlines Section End QuizPage 5 of 18
Thegeneralarrangementsthatrelatetohealthandsafetymanagement
andthespecificarrangementsthatrelatetoindividualhealthandsafety
topics and issues. Q # 2 What type of targets might be referenced
in the policy (and where)?
Ans:TheStatementofIntentmayalsosettargetsfortheorganisationto
achieve. Possible targets might relate to:
Accidentrates:toachieveareductionintheaccidentorill-health
rate.Activemonitoring:tocompletesuccessfullyanumberofactive
monitoring activities, e.g. successful completion of 90% of all
supervisor safety inspections over a year.
Completionofkeyactivitiessuchasthecompletionofrisk assessments
across the organisation Delivery of training to all workers
Development of a consultation process to engage the workforce
Benchmarking against other organisations Section End QuizPage 6 of
18 Unit IGC1 Element 3 Sub Element 3.1
Q#1Whodoesanemployeroweadutytowithregardstohealthand safety? Ans:
Own employees to ensure their H&S Other workers (not employees)
e.g contractors Visitors Members of the public Q # 2 How can
directors influence health and safety?
Ans:Directorsensurethat:-policyisinplace,resourcesareallocated,the
right people are in place with clear roles and responsibilities,
there is a senior
managerwithH&Sresponsibility,therearecompetentperson(s)appointed
to adviseon H&S,the H&S performance isreviewed.The
directorscascade their vision to junior managers through targets
and objectives Q # 3 What are the key workers responsibilities?
Ans:Workershavearesponsibilitytotakereasonablecareoftheirown health
and safetyandthe health and safety of other people who might be
affected by the things that they do (their acts) and the things
that they fail to do (their omissions). Workers also have a
responsibility to co-operate with their
employer(forreasonsofhealthandsafety).Thesedutiesapplywhenthe
worker is at work. Q # 4 What would you look for/check when
selecting a contractor? Ans: A copy of their health and safety
policy. Examples of risk assessments. The qualifications and
training records of staff. Membership of a professional
organisation or certified body. Records of maintenance and test for
plant and equipment. Names of previous or current clients. Section
End QuizPage 7 of 18 Accident history records. Records of
enforcement action taken by authorities against them.
Proofofadequateresources,suchasaccesstospecialistsafety advice. Sub
Element 3.2 Q # 1 Give a definition of Health and safety culture?
Ans:Anyappropriatedefinition,coveringpointssuchassharedattitudes
andbeliefsabouthealthandsafetyetc.suchasThesafetycultureofan
organisation is the way that everyone within the organisation
thinks and feels about health and safety and how this translates
into their behaviour. Q#2
Whatfactorscouldresultinthedeteriorationofthehealthandsafety
culture of an organisation?
Ans:Factorswhichcouldresultinthedeteriorationofhealthandsafety
culture in an organisation include: Lack of leadership from
management Presence of a blame culture
Lackofmanagementcommitmenttosafety(e.g.sayingonething and doing
another) Health and safety receiving lower priority than other
business issues
Organisationalchanges(frequentorpoorlycommunicatedchange can result
in uncertainty) High staff turnover rates Lack of resources e.g.
too few workers due to downsizing Lack of worker consultation
Interpersonal issues e.g. peer group pressure, bullying or
harassment Poor management systems and procedures External
influences e.g. economic climate resulting in hard operating
conditions Q # 3 What indicators can be used to assess the health
and safety culture? Ans: Indicators include accidents, absenteeism,
sickness rates, staff turnover, staff complaints, Section End
QuizPage 8 of 18 Q # 4 What is peer pressure?
Ans:Peerpressureisthewaythatcolleagues(peers)exertinfluenceover
others in order to shape their behaviour. Sub Element 3.3
Q#1Whatthreekeyfactorsinfluenceaworkersbehaviour?Give examples of
each? Ans:Job, organisation, individual
Jobfactorstask,workload,environment,displaysandcontrols (interface
with equipment), procedures
Organisationalfactorssafetyculture,policiesandprocedures,
leadership,supervisionlevels,peerpressure,consultation,
communication, training, work patterns (shifts etc) Individual
factors attitude, competence, motivation Q # 2 What is competence?
Ans:Competence KATE (Knowledge, Ability, Training, Experience)
Q#3Howcananorganisationinadvertentlymotivatepeopletobehave
unsafely?
Ans:Classicissueisplacingincentiveonthewrongbehaviour,e.g.by paying
for work rate ratherthan asa day rate(encouragescorner cutting)
orrewardinglowaccidentrate(resultinginaccidentsbeinghiddenrather
than investigated) Q # 4 Suggest reasons why two people may
perceive hazards differently?
Ans:Sensoryimpairment/disabilitysensesimpairedbyPPEorbackground
noiseetc,illness,stress,fatigue,drugs/alcohol,previousexperience,training
and education. Section End QuizPage 9 of 18 Sub Element 3.4 Q # 1
How can directors/managers demonstrate their commitment to health
and safety? Ans: Behaving safely.
Involvementintheday-to-daymanagementofhealthandsafety, e.g. by
attending safety meetings. Taking part in safety tours or audits.
Promoting changes to improve health and safety. Enforcing the
company safety rules. Q # 2 What are the 3 different communication
methods that are used? Ans:written, verbal, graphic Q # 3 What is
the difference between consulting and informing?
Ans:Consulting-thetwo-wayexchangeofinformationandopinion between
the employer and workers so that the best course of action can be
agreed.Thisimpliesthattheemployerlistenstotheconcernsofhisworkers
andchangeshisplansasnecessary.Trueconsultationthereforeprovidean
opportunityforworkerstofeedbacktomanagementontheirfeelingsand
opinions on health and safety matters.
Informing-providinginformationtoworkersinaformthattheycan
understandandthencheckingthattheinformationhasbeenunderstood. The
information flow is one-way and the employer does not have to take
any notice of feedback. Sub Element 3.5
Q#1Whattypesofemergencysituationmightanorganisationneedto consider?
Ans:Foreseeable emergencies depending upon the organisation include
fire, bomb threat, chemical spills, toxic gas release, disease,
severe weather, flood, multiple casualty accident. Section End
QuizPage 10 of 18
Q#2Youaredevelopingfireresponsearrangementswhatkeythings would you
include?Ans:Procedurestobefollowed/evacuationprocedures,provisionof
suitableequipment,nominatedfiremarshallsetc,provisionofinformation
and training, notices etc, drills and exercises.Sub Element 3.6 Q #
1 What is the basic function of a first aider? Ans:Preserve life,
prevent worsening, promote recovery, and provide simple treatment
for minor injuries.
Q#2Whatshouldbeconsideredwhendeterminingthenumberoffirst aiders on
site? Ans: The number of workers on site
Thedistributionofworkers(e.g.aretheremoreinoneareaorata certain
time of day) The shift patternsadopted adequate cover must be
provided for all shifts, including weekend and nightshift
operations. The need to provide first aid cover during absence e.g.
for holidays or during illness Q # 3 What other factors should be
considered when evaluating the overall level and type of first aid
provision for a site? Ans: The general risk level of the workplace.
The hazards present in the workplace. Accident history.
Specificproceduresrequirede.g.sometoxicmaterialshave specific
antidotes or first aid protocols. The presence of vulnerable
persons. The number of workers in the workplace. Work patterns and
shift systems of workers. The geographic location of the workplace.
The spread of the workplace. Section End QuizPage 11 of 18 Unit
IGC1 Element 4 Sub Element 4.1 Q # 1 What are SMART objectives?
Ans:Objectiveswhicharespecific,measureable,achievable,reasonable,
time bound Q#2
Howcansafetyandhealthpractitionerskeepuptodatewithlegal
requirements?
Ans:Electronicnewsletters,professionalorganisationspublications,
subscriptions and update services, seminars and conferences. Sub
Element 4.2 Q # 1 Define hazard and risk? Ans: Hazard=something
with the potential to cause harm, Rrisk = likelihood of harm
occurring combined with the severity of harm Q # 2 Define accident
injury accident and near miss? Ans: Accident= unplanned, unwanted
event leading to injury or loss,Injury accident = unplanned,
unwanted event leading to personal injury,Near miss = unplanned,
unwanted event which could have resulted in injury or loss but
didnt Q # 3 What are the 5 steps to risk assessment? Ans: Identify
the hazards. Identify the people who might be harmed and how.
Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions. Record the significant
findings and implement them. Review and update as necessary.
Section End QuizPage 12 of 18 Q # 4 What should a suitable and
sufficient risk assessment contain? Ans:Name and competence of
assessor Hazards and risks arising from work Persons at risk
Evaluation of current controls Identify protective measures
Prioritise corrective actions Record of significant findings
Appropriatelevelofdetail/complexityfororganisation,andin proportion
with risk level Period assessment will remain valid for. Q # 5 Who
should be considered in a risk assessment?
Ans:Employees,otherpersonssuchascleaners,maintenancestaff,
visitors,contractors,membersofthepublic,vulnerablegroupssuchas
young persons or pregnant workers,Q # 6 How is risk evaluated?
Ans:Bycombininglikelihoodofincidentwithseverityofoutcometogivea
risk rating. Sub Element 4.3 Q # 1 Outline the general hierarchy of
control? Ans: Elimination. Substitution.
Engineeringcontrols(isolation/totalenclosure,separationor
segregation, partial enclosure, safety devices) Administrative
controls (SSofW, reduced exposure, IITS) Personal protective
equipment Section End QuizPage 13 of 18 Sub Element 4.4 Q # 1 What
internal sources of health and safety information are there within
an organisation? Ans:Internal information sources: Accident
records. Medical records. Risk assessments. Maintenance reports.
Safety representative inspections. Audit reports. Safety committee
meeting minutes. Q # 2 What external sources of information are
there? Ans:External information sources: National legislation (e.g.
regulations). Material safety data sheets from manufacturers.
National codes of practice and guidance notes.
Nationalandinternationalregulatorybodiese.g.HSEintheUK, OSHA in
Europe see below for examples of their websites. Manufacturers
operating instructions. Trade associations. Safety journals and
magazines. Sub Element 4.5 Q # 1 What is a safe system of work?
Ans:Asafesystemofworkisaformalprocedurebasedonasystematic
examination of work in order to identify the hazards. It defines
safe methods of working which eliminate those hazards or minimise
the risks associated with them.Q # 2 Who is responsible for
developing safe systems of work? Ans: The employer Section End
QuizPage 14 of 18 Q # 3 What are the advantages of a written
procedure over a verbal one? Ans:Ensures consistency, provides a
reference for use in training, provides a
definitivedocumentaboutthewaytheprocedureshouldbedone.Also
establishesastandardandprovidesawrittenrecordforuseduring
investigations/review by regulators
Q#4Whatarethekeystepsincarryingoutataskanalysisbefore developing a
safe system of work (SREDIM) Ans:worth highlightingthatthey had
abig cluethatthe examiner wouldnt give! Select the task to be
analysed. Record the steps or stages of the task. Evaluate the
risks associated with each step. Develop the safe working method.
Implement the safe working method.
Q#5Whatcontrolsmightbeimplementedtoensurethesafetyoflone working
social workers? Ans:Monitor to ensure it is effective.
Noloneworkingforcertainhighriskactivities(suchasvisiting
potentially violent service users). Arrangements for remote
supervision of workers.
Proceduresforloggingworkerslocationswhenvisitinginthe community.
The use of mobile phones or radios to ensure good communications.
The issue of lone worker alarm systems to raise the alarm and
pin-point the worker. Procedures to be adopted by workers when lone
working. Emergency procedures. Training for workers in those
procedures. Section End QuizPage 15 of 18 Sub Element 4.6 Q # 1What
types of work require a permit to work? Ans: The sort of highrisk
work that would normally be controlled by a permit system includes:
Hot work (involving naked flames or creation of ignition sources).
Work on high voltage electrical systems. Confined space entry. Work
on operational pipelines. Excavating near buried services.
Maintenance work on large, complex machinery. Q # 2 What are the
key features of a permit to work document? Ans:IssueDescription of
the work to be carried out (details of plant and location)
Assessment of hazards associated with the job Controls required
including Additional permits Isolation of services and supplies PPE
Atmospheric monitoring etc Emergency procedures Receipt Signature
of the authorised person issuing the permit
Signatureofthecompetentpersonacceptingthepermit(knownas signing
onto the permit or receipt) Clearance
Signatureofthecompetentpersonstatingthattheareahadbeenmade
safe(e.g.workcompleted)andthattheywereleavingtheareaand
isolationscouldberemoved(knownassignofffromthepermitor clearance)
Section End QuizPage 16 of 18 Cancellation
Signatureoftheauthorisedpersonstatingthattheisolationshadbeen
removed,the areahad been accepted back andthatthe equipment can be
restarted (known as cancellation of the permit.). Extension may be
a section allowing extension of permit. Q # 3 What are the main
limitations of a permit to work system?
Ans:Agoodpermitsystemisonlyasgoodasthepersonsusingit.Towork
effectively: Only authorised persons should issue permits.
permitissuers mustbefamiliar withthehazardsoftheworkplaceand the
job to be carried out.
Precautionsmustbecheckedbeforepermitsareauthorised(no issuing of
permits from the desk!). Permits must never be amended. All permit
conditions must be adhered to Staff must be trained and competent
The system must be monitored to ensure that it is effective The PTW
system must be appropriate for the nature of the business e.g. a
bakery may require a less complex system than an oil rig Sufficient
time must be allowed to ensure permits are issued correctly,
andstafftrainedtoappreciatethis.Contractorsforexamplemay
becomestressediftheprocessistimeconsuming,butmust appreciate that
they are required to adhere to the system. Section End QuizPage 17
of 18 Unit IGC 1 Element 5 Sub Element 5.1 Q # 1 What is meant by
active monitoring?
Ans:Activemonitoring-Activemonitoringisconcernedwithchecking
standardsbeforeanunwantedeventoccurs.E.g.tours,inspections.The
intention is to identify:
Conformancewithstandards,sothatgoodperformanceis recognised and
maintained.
Non-conformancewithstandards,sothatthereasonforthatnon-conformance
can be identified and corrective action put in place to remedy any
shortfall.Q # 2 What is meant by reactive monitoring?
Ans:reactivemonitoringisthemonitoringofdatageneratedafter something
has gone wrong and learning from mistakes Q # 3 Give examples of
active monitoring techniquesAns: safety tours, surveys, sampling,
inspections, audits Q # 4 What topics could be considered in a
general workplace inspection?
Ans:Firesafetyincludingemergencyescaperoutes,signs,and
extinguishers. Housekeeping general tidiness and cleanliness.
Environment issues such as lighting, temperature, ventilation,
noise. Traffic routes safety of both vehicle and pedestrian routes.
Chemicalsafetyappropriateuseandstorageofhazardous substances.
Machinerysafetysuchascorrectuseofmachineguardsand interlocks.
Electrical safety such as portable electrical appliance safety.
Section End QuizPage 18 of 18 Welfare facilities the suitability
and state of. Q # 5 What are accident rates used for?
Ans:Accidentratesallowthecomparisonofdatabetweendifferent
sites/organisations with different numbers of people