Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Slide 1 of 21 Objectives Explain how mental disorders are recognized. Identify four causes of mental disorders. Section 4.1.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

Objectives

Explain how mental disorders are recognized.

Identify four causes of mental disorders.

Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

Describe five types of anxiety disorders and four other types of mental disorders.

Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

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For each of your responses, explain why you gave the answer you did.

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It is easy to identify a person with a mental disorder.

Mental disorders are caused by emotional problems.

Mental disorders affect a person’s ability to function.

People who have a mental disorder are dangerous.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

A mental disorder is an illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’s ability to function, to adjust to change, or to get along with others.

What are Mental Disorders?

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• Mental health experts see abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors as signs, or symptoms,of a mental disorder.

Recognizing Mental Disorders

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one example of a mental disorder.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

Some factors that can cause mental disorders are

Causes of Mental Disorders

• physical factors

• heredity

• early experiences

• recent experiences

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• Physical Factors Damage to the brain may cause a mental disorder.

Causes of Mental Disorders

• Heredity A person may inherit a tendency toward a mental disorder.

• Early Experiences Extremely negative experiences that occur early in life can lead to mental illness.

• Recent Experiences Some mental health experts think that recent experiences are more likely than early experiences to trigger a mental disorder.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• Anxiety is fear caused by a source you cannot identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much threat as you think.

Anxiety Disorders

• When the anxiety persists for a long time and interferes with daily living, this is a sign of an anxiety disorder.

• In any six-month period nearly ten percent of Americans have an anxiety disorder.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• A person with this disorder displays intense worry, fears, or anxiety most days for at least six months.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Anxiety that is related to a specific situation or object is called a phobia.

Phobias

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

During a panic attack, a person will experience some of the following symptoms.

Panic Attacks

• fast heart rate

• rapid breathing

• fear of suffocation

• believes he or she is dying

• sweating

• trembling or shaking

• choking sensation

• chest discomfort or pain

• nausea or stomach distress

• dizziness or lightheadedness

• fear of losing control

• an “out of body” sensation

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• An unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind is an obsession.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• An obsession may lead to a compulsion, an unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared outcome.

• People who survive a life threatening event may develop post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

• flashbacks• nightmares• inability to sleep

• Some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• Some teens and young adults have mood disorders or schizophrenia.

Other Mental Disorders

• Others have impulse-control disorders or personality disorders.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• People who have a mood disorder experience extreme emotions that make it difficult to function well in their daily lives.

Mood Disorders

• Depression is an emotional state in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

• Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder identified by serious disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness, and behavior.

Schizophrenia

• People with an impulse-control disorder cannot resist the impulse, or drive, to act in a way that is harmful to themselves or to others.

Impulse-Control Disorders

• Some examples of impulse-control disorders are• kleptomania (taking items not needed or wanted)• gambling• uncontrolled shopping (buying many unnecessary things)

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

People who have a personality disorder display rigid patterns of behavior that make it difficult for them to get along with others.

Personality Disorders

• Group A: People with personality disorders in this group tend to be cold and distant.

• Group B: People with personality disorders in this group are often overly emotional or unstable.

• Group C: People with personality disorders in this group often cannot make decisions.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

Vocabulary

mental disorder An illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’s ability to function, to adjust to change, or to get along with others.

anxiety Fear caused by a source you cannot identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much threat as you think.

anxiety disorder A disorder characterized by anxiety that persists for a long time and interferes with daily living.

phobia Anxiety that is related to a specific situation or object.

obsession An unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

Vocabulary

compulsion An unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared outcome.

mood disorder A disorder characterized by extreme emotions.

depression An emotional state in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless.

schizophrenia A disorder characterized by severe disturbances in thinking,mood, awareness, and behavior.

personality disorder

A mental disorder characterized by rigid patterns of behavior, which make it difficult for a person to get along with others.

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders

End of Section 4.1

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