Section 4, Chapter 2

Section 4, Chapter 2

Organic Molecules

Monomer portion of a polymer

Atomic Number of Carbon = 6

2 electrons in 1st shell

4 electrons in 2nd shell

Note there are 4 empty spaces in the 2nd shell

Covalent Bonds formed by Carbon

Note there are 4 empty spaces in the 2nd shell

available for covalent bonds.

hydrocarbon

� Large organic molecules, called polymers, consist of repeating subunits, called monomers.

Polymers and Monomers

� Example: Starch is a polysaccharide composed of many glucose molecules (monosaccharides) joined together.

Monosaccharide (simple sugars)Disaccharides (double sugars)

Polysaccharides(complex carbohydrates)

Monomer Polymer

Amino Acids Proteins

4 major organic macromolecules, or polymers and

their corresponding monomers.

Amino Acids Proteins

Fatty Acids + Glycerol Fats**Not truly a polymer

Nucleotides Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

• Simple Carbohydrates = sugars

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides• Disaccharides

• Complex Carbohydrates

• Also called Polysaccharides

• Composed of several simple carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

• Twice as many Hydrogen as Oxygen atoms

• Example: Glucose (C6H12O6)

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Disaccharides

• 2 monosaccharides bonded together

Polysaccharide

• Built of simple carbohydrates

Starch – easily digested

Cellulose- Plant polysaccharide, indigestible by humans

Glycogen – storage form of energy, synthesized by liver

Examples

Glycogen

Glycerol Molecule

OH (in red) represents sites of fatty acid attachments

Unsaturated fat