Section 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.

Section 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell

The microscope is an important tool

• Different types of microscopes are used to observe different things

Compound Light microscope- allow scientists to see living cells

Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)- produce a 3-D image of a cell’s surface

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)- produce a 2-D image of the inside of a cell

**SEM and TEM do not allow scientists to see living cells, but they do magnify objects up to a million times**

Cells are divided into two categories

• The difference between the two types of cells is the location of the genetic material

• Eukaryotic cell - have a nucleus that contains the genetic material for a cell

• Prokaryotic cells - do not have a nucleus and the genetic material is in the cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

Cells are diverse• Eukaryotic cells

have organelles - internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions

• cytoplasm- a jelly-like material inside the cell

Plant Cell

cytoplasm

Cells are diverse• Eukaryotic cells have organelles

- internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions

• cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the cell

• cell membrane - protective covering that controls entry into and out of cell“The Traffic Cop”

Plant Cell

cell membrane

cytoplasm

Organelles found in cells• Nucleus

- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function

“The Control Center”

Plant Cell

nucleus

cell membrane

cytoplasm

Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell

needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”

• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein“Protein Factories”

Plant Cell

nucleus

cell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell

needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”

• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories”

• Endoplasmic reticulum- moves materials around the cell“Cell Highway”

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

cell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell

needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”

• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories”

• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell. “Cell Highway”

• Mitochondria- uses oxygen to process food (process

called cellular respiration)“Powerhouse of the Cell”

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondriacell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs

to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”• Ribosomes - process information from the

nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories”• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials

around the cell. “Cell Highway”• Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food in

a process called cellular respiration. “Powerhouse of the Cell”Golgi apparatus

- finishes processing and packaging proteins

“The Finisher”

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondriacell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Golgi

apparatus

Organelles found in cells• vesicles

- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

-”The Delivery Truck”

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondriacell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Golgi

apparatus

vesicles

Organelles found in cells• vesicles

- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

-”The Delivery Truck”

• *cell wall - tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondriacell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Golgi

apparatus

vesicles

cell wall

Organelles found in cells• vesicles

- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

-”The Delivery Truck”• *cell wall

- tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell

• *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondriacell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Golgi

apparatus

vesicles

chloroplast

cell wall

Organelles found in cells• vesicles

- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

-”The Delivery Truck”• *cell wall

- tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell

• *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell

• *central vacuole - hold water, waste and other materials

in a plant cell

Plant Cell

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondriacell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

Golgi

apparatus

vesicles

chloroplast

cell wall

central vacuole

cell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Golgi

apparatus

vesicles

Animal Cell

Organelles found in cells• *lysosomes

(only found in animal cells)

- break down waste materials

“Digestion Center”

cell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Golgi

apparatus

*lysosomes

vesicles

Animal Cell