Section 1: Establishing Modern China Qing Dynasty - last & largest Chinese dynasty Opium War – The British brought a drug called opium into China to.

Section 1:Establishing Modern China

Qing Dynasty - last & largest Chinese dynasty

Opium War – The British brought a drug called opium into China to trade with rather than money The Chinese gov’t destroyed the British’s

store of opium at the port in Canton. Treaty of Nanking - The Chinese lost the

war and ended up paying money and handing over Hong Kong to Britain

The Chinese peasants were angered by the Treaty of Nanking and rebelled around China

14 years, millions died Demanded equality for women, the end

of private property, & division of surplus to the needy

With the help of other nations, rebellion was crushed in 1848

Boxers hoped to defeat the Qing Dynasty and force all foreigners out of China

British, French, Russian, Japanese, and American forces joined together to defeat the Boxers

Boxers called themselves the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists”

Founded the Chinese Nationalist Party – 1911

Born to poor farmers Moved to Honolulu, Hawaii with older

brother Became interested in Christianity. Brother

got troubled and sent him home Helped China become a Republic – The

Father of Modern China

Leader of the Communist and Nationalism groups when they joined forces

Turned against the Communist and fought for power

Communist retreated on the Long March (100,000 Communist marched 6,000 miles north to escape the Nationalist forces)

Gov’t improved transportation, education, and encouraged industry

Leader of Communist “Red Army” Parties joined forces when Japan invaded

China. After World War II the turned on each other again

Communist won Ruled until death in 1976

Mao decided how much of China would be farmland & how much industrial

Traditional farms were reorganized into collective farms – people worked together & shared what they produced

1950s – gov’t tried to reorganize economy – called “Great Leap Forward” – did not work.

1960s- “Cultural Revolution” – tried to do away with all previous programs and reorganized farms, businesses, and most of society. Failed, too.

1970s – new leader, Deng Xiaoping Started “4 Modernizations”

Farmers given more control over decisions

Industries shifted from iron & steel to consumer goods – factory workers/managers allowed to make more decisions

Defense industries built up & made more productive

“Special Economic Zones” Coastal areas Purpose – encourage foreign investment

Mixed resultsCoastal areas began to growFarm areas fell behindPeople left farms & moved to cities

for workRapid growth of cities = new

problems

Today – mixed economy Many people have their own

businesses but gov’t has final say ½ of workers still in agriculture Cities on coast have had huge

growth – examples: Shanghai & Hong Kong