Secondary Payload Adapters and Interfaces Technical Committee Report 17th Annual Small Payload Rideshare Symposium Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab June 10, 2015 This committee reviews existing and conceptual secondary adapters, the vehicles on which they can be flown, their capabilities and limitations, as well as potential flight opportunities. Secondary adapters’ shortfalls in weight or volume, limitations in vehicle compatibility, and other issues and perceived needs are to be identified and documented. Manifesting and scheduling issues will be evaluated and documented along with suggestions for resolution or improvements.
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Secondary Payload Adapters and InterfacesTechnical Committee Report
17th Annual Small Payload Rideshare SymposiumJohns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab
June 10, 2015
This committee reviews existing and conceptual secondary adapters, the vehicles on whichthey can be flown, their capabilities and limitations, as well as potential flight opportunities. Secondary adapters’ shortfalls in weight or volume, limitations in vehicle compatibility, and other issues and perceived needs are to be identified and documented. Manifesting and schedulingissues will be evaluated and documented along with suggestions for resolution or improvements.
Secondary Adapters Technical Committee
• US Government policy• US Rideshare Options• Smallsat‐to‐Launch Vehicle Interfaces• Adapters and Dispensers
– CubeSat dispensers and adapters– Small Sat adapters– Propulsive adapters
Future Topics• Rideshare “Wiki Page” on SPRSA.ORG website• Hosted Payload Options• International Boosters/Rideshare Interfaces
NOTE: Some of the documented hardware does not yet have flight heritage. The information provided here is a guide; please consult with the vendor.
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AcronymsABC Aft Bulkhead CarrierALS Adaptive Launch SolutionsAPL auxiliary payloadCBE current best estimateCG center of gravityCSD Canisterized Satellite DispenserCYGNSS Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite SystemEM‐1 Exploration Mission 1EAGLE ESPA Augmented Geostationary Laboratory ExperimentEELV Evolved Expendable Launch VehicleESPA EELV Secondary Payload AdapterFASSN Fast‐Acting Shockless Separation NutHDRM Hold Down Release MechanismISIS Innovative Solutions In SpaceJHU/APL Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics LaboratoryLCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing SatelliteLTDN local time of descending nodeMEV maximum expected valueMLB Motorized LightbandNLAS Nanosatellite Launch Adapter SystemNPSCuL Naval Postgraduate School CubeSat LauncherNTE not to exceedOMV Orbital Maneuvering VehicleΦ diameter of circleP‐POD Poly Picosat Orbital DeployerPSC Planetary Systems CorporationRSA Rideshare AdapterSNC Sierra Nevada CorporationULA United Launch Alliance
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National Defense Authorization Act, 2014
“The DoD Executive Agent for Space shall conduct a study on responsive, low‐cost launch efforts. Such study shall include … an assessment of the viability of greater utilization of innovative methods, including the use of secondary payload adapters on existing launch vehicles. … Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the DoD Executive Agent for Space shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report containing (1) the results of the study … and (2) a consolidated plan for development within the DoD of an operationally responsive, low‐cost launch capability.”
• Report completed and in final Air Force coordination‐ Signature expected June 2015
• Report to be delivered to Armed Services Committee‐ Should be available for public release
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US Rideshare Options 2015• Rideshare opportunities by third‐party brokers/integrators
– Adaptive Launch Solutions (ALS)– NanoRacks LLC– Spaceflight Industries– TriSept Corporation– Tyvak Nanosatellite Systems Inc.
• Large US vehicles w/ secondary capabilities– Antares (including Cygnus) [Orbital]– Atlas V [United Launch Alliance (ULA)/Lockheed Martin
Commercial Launch Services]– Delta IV [ULA/Boeing Launch Services]– Falcon 9 (including Dragon) [SpaceX]– Falcon Heavy [SpaceX]– Space Launch System [NASA]
• 11x 6U CubeSats will fly on EM‐1 2018
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US Rideshare Options 2015• US small launchers
– ALASA [DARPA/Boeing]– Alpha [Firefly]– Athena II [Lockheed Martin]– Electron [RocketLab]– Nano‐sat/Micro‐sat Launch Vehicle (NMLV) [Garvey Spacecraft] – GO Launcher 1, 2 [Generation Orbit]– LauncherOne [Virgin Galactic]– Minotaur I, IV, V, VI, C [Orbital ATK]– Neptune [Interorbital]– Pegasus [Orbital ATK]– Stratolaunch [Vulcan Aerospace]– SuperStrypi [Sandia National Labs]– Terrestrial Return Vehicle (retrieval from ISS only) [Intuitive
• Φ38.810” 60 x ¼” fasteners• Φ31.600” 48 x ¼” • Φ24.000” 36 x ¼” • Φ23.250” 32 x ¼” • Φ19.848” 28 x ¼” • Φ18.250” 28 x ¼” • Φ15.000” 24 x ¼” • Φ13.000” 20 x ¼” • Φ11.732” 18 x ¼” • Φ8.000” 12 x ¼”
• International products– ISIpod dispenser, ISIS [Netherlands]
Marketed by Spaceflight in US as EZpod– JAXA ISS ejector, J‐SSOD [Japan]– NovaPOD and FlyMate, NovaNano [France]– SFL XPOD dispensers, U of Toronto [Canada]
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Tyvak Dispensers
• Tyvak 3U RailPOD– Ultralight 3U deployer
• Tyvak 6U NLAS Mk. II– Based on NASA Ames NLAS dispenser
(heritage on ORS‐3, to fly on ORS‐4)– Various improvements and upgrades
• Tyvak 12U Modular Design– Using 6U as base module,
stand‐alone dispenser system with mission integration services
• Lined up first commercialcustomer for order of between 3 and 6 dispensers
– Funding for final design, qualification testing, and flight unit delivery
– Designated for June 2017 TriSeptDedicated Rideshare Mission (dRS‐1)
• Continuing design towards PDR/CDR– Critical component designs near completion
and/or identified COTS• Door hinges and latches, attachment/
deployment mechanisms, sequencer, etc.
Rideshare 2015
Availability for APLs: 24” x 24” x 32”, 240lbs
1/3rd Scale FR Dispenser
CubeSat Attach/Deploy Mechanism Prototype
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FANTM Variants• FANTM‐LiTE
– Half version of standard FR dispenser– Designed to the Atlas V ABC interface– Same features of standard FR, but smaller
• FANTM‐Grande– Larger version of standard FR dispenser– Design to containerize ESPA and above‐class SVs– Nominally interfaces with 24‐in ESPA Grande port
designed to flexibly integrate smallsats without mass of a dispenser
– Designed to adhere to PSC CSD standard– Can be spaced to integrate 3U, 6U, 12U,
and above smallsats
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FANTM-LiTE
FANTM-Grande
FANTM-RiDE
FANTM-RAiLsw/ 12U and 6Ucombos
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CubeSat Adapters• Aquila CubeSat accommodations by Adaptive Launch
Solutions (ALS)• Naval Postgraduate School CubeSat Launcher (NPSCuL):
8x 3Us or 4x 6Us (or combinations) with Φ15” interface– Third mission on Atlas V Aft Bulkhead Carrier (ABC) May 2015
AFSPC‐5 deployed 10 CubeSats including Planetary Society LightSail• SpaceX Surfboard
– Mounting tray installed on aft‐end of 2nd stage carries several 3U or 6U dispensers
• Wafer adapters: Steve Buckley design for 8x 3Us or 4x 6Us (or combinations) with Φ38.81” interface, can also carry “primary” small sat
– NLAS adapter by NASA Ames to launch on ORS‐4 late 2015– CubeStack by LoadPath and Moog CSA
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CubeSat Adapters continued• Design Net Falcon 1e Rideshare Adapter: Multiple CubeSats
with Φ38.81” interface, can also carry “primary” small sat• LM Athena Composite P‐POD Carrier (ACPC): Multiple
CubeSats built into the Athena rideshare adapter• Moog ESPA SUM (6U Mount): 2x 3Us or 1x 6U dispenser with
Φ15” interface; options for inboard and outboard on ESPA• PSC Canisterized Satellite Dispenser (CSD) has bolt patterns
for mounting directly to launch vehicle or satellite interfaces– Dispenser structure
permits attachment without dedicated adapter
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NPSCuL Status• Flight History/Manifest
– 3 successful Atlas V missions, 33 CubeSats deployed: 2012 (OUTSat/NROL‐36), 2013 (GEMSat/NROL‐39), May 2015 (ULTRASat/AFSPC‐5)
– Upcoming Atlas V mission September 2015, 13 CubeSats: (GRACE/NROL‐55)
• SADv528– Maximizes ABC capability to accommodate 8 P‐PODs
with 5 LV‐provided deployment signals– Flown on ULTRASat/AFSPC‐5 as first‐flight item
• NPSCuL COTS Isolators– Commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) isolators used with force‐limited vibration testing
(FLVT) reduces P‐POD GRMS environment on NPSCuL up to 85%– “First‐class” ride to space for CubeSats and small spacecraft– Compatible with ESPA and Lightband LV interfaces and applicable to other ESPA‐
class spacecraft of similar size
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CubeStack Status• Enhanced design by LoadPath
– New bulkhead structure provides greatly improved integration CONOPS
– Overall weight reduction of 5‐10% depending on dispenser attachments
• Launch vehicle companies (and others) develop custom adapters based on need– Orbital STP S‐26 adapter for multi‐payload STP mission– SpaceX external payloads for ISS, e.g., International Docking Adapter
(IDA‐1)Rideshare 2015 22
ALS Aquila Multi‐Manifest SystemIntegrated stack compatible with EELV and SLV standard interfaces at aft end and with multiple spacecraft adapters at forward end• Adapters and A‐DECK with mass simulator
• A‐DECK being lowered into adapters
• Mass simulator sitting on A‐DECK
• Moving test hardware assembly into chamber
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SNC CYGNSS Adapter
System: Mass: 243.0 kg (CBE), 270.1 kg (MEV), 307.0 kg (NTE) Diameter, Envelope: 110.2 cm Height, Envelope: 122.4 cm Dispenser: Mass: 44.5 kg (CBE), 50.0 kg (MEV), 75.0 kg (NTE) Microsat (8x): Mass: 24.8 kg (CBE), 27.5 kg (MEV), 29.0 kg (NTE) CG Offset: 0.9 mm (axial), 1.4 mm (circumferential), 335.7 mm (radial) Launch Vehicle: Pegasus XL Interface, Mechanical: 24x 1/4‐20 nut plates on 35.56 cm (14") diameter bolt circle Loads: Pegasus User's Guide, Release 7.0 (April 2010)
CYGNSS integrated payload stack
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Design Net EELV Rideshare Adapter• Designed for Minotaur IV, Falcon 9, Atlas V
– Developed under contract to NASA Ames Research Center
– Qualification tested for Minotaur IV• Standard interfaces
– Standard C‐Adapters– 15‐inch Lightband– 38‐inch Lightband
• ESPA 6‐15‐24 (2000) for EELV62‐inch interface– ESPA 15‐inch port is standard
interface for small sats to 400 lbs• ESPA Grande (2004)
– 24‐inch port size accommodates 700‐lb small sats
– ESPA 5‐24‐42 selected by Spaceflight for SHERPA in 2012
• Small Launch ESPA (2007) for 38.8‐inch LV interface– Rings with smaller LV interfaces (31.5‐ and 36.9‐inch) designed for
international vehicles– Secondary interfaces up to 15 inches
• Large diameter rings (2009) for LV diameters to 120 inches– International LV rings at 70 and 86.2 inches
• EAGLE ESPA (2012) integral 4‐point small‐sat mount• Reduced weight rings for mission‐specific payloads
– 2012 OMEGA mission for science constellation deployment
Moog ESPA Family
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Partial family portrait
SHERPA 1st Flight – Q4 2015:• LEO SSO 10:30 LTDN• Up to 1265 kilograms of Secondary
Payloads• No Propulsion or Attitude Control
SHERPA Accommodations:• 5 ports, each supporting up to 300kgs• Dimensions NTE 1m x 1m x 1.2m• Hosted Option for Power/Comm
up to 3 years
Future Capabilities:• 400 m/s Delta V for Altitude Maneuvers• 1000 m/s Delta V from GTO for delivery to Lunar Orbit• 2200 m/s Delta V from GTO to circularize up to 500kg payload in GSO
Spaceflight SHERPA
SHERPA is an in‐space transportation platform by Spaceflight Industriesthat supports orbit raising and maneuvering of secondary spacecraft
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SHERPA Adapters by Spaceflight
Radial Port AdapterSupports 15” and 11.732” Separation Systems
Dual Port Adapter (2 <80kg Satellites) Supports 11.732” and 8” Separation Systems
QuadPack PlateSupports CubeSat DispensersCurrently Configured for ISIS QuadPacks
Hardware has arrived in Seattle
Upgrades to integration facility in process
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Propulsive ESPA Programs• LCROSS 2009 by Northrop Grumman for NASA Ames
– “Shepherding satellite” and lunar impactor• AFRL small business programs 2007‐2010
– Millennium Space Systems OMS• Ready for flight program
– Busek Multi‐payload Utility Lite Electric (MULE)• Continuing development with ULA
• AFRL EAGLE– Orbital ATK satellite bus and propulsion module– Moog Broad Reach avionics, software, GPS receiver
• Spaceflight SHERPA– Multiple implementations
• Unnamed program• OMEGA (Orbiting Medium Explorer for Gravity Astrophysics)
– Moog/Surrey US team reviewed by JPL TeamX in 2012• Moog OMV
– Configurations in development
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Secondary Adapters Tech Committee members and contributors
• Michelle Voelker, SMC• Eric Anderson, SVSC• Ryan Williams, PSC• Bryan Helgesen, SNC• Wenschel Lan, NPS• Phil Brzytwa, Spaceflight• Dan Lim, TriSept• Ken Brunetto, LoadPath• Greg Sanford, LoadPath• Justin Smith, Design Net• Jack Rubidoux, ALS• Ryan Nugent, Cal Poly• Justin Carnahan, Tyvak• Joe Maly, Moog
• Anthony Kyriakidis, ALS• Mike Bender, Aerojet• Roland Coelho, Tyvak• Adam Hadaller, Spaceflight• Christian Melbostad, SpaceX• Ron Goedendorp, NanoRacks• Keith Karuntzos, ULA• Warren Frick, Orbital ATK• Tom Johnson, GSFC• Gerry Murphy, Design Net• Aaron Rogers, JHU/APL• Clint Apland, JHU/APL• Chris Loghry, Moog• Eric Austin, Moog